EPIZOOTIC ANALYSIS OF FACTOR-INFECTED CATTLE FARMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-585
Author(s):  
P.A. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
Y.A. Vatnikov ◽  
A.A. Rudenko ◽  
V.B. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Repeated Passage ◽  
Pathological Material ◽  
Microbial Agents

The article presents data on biocenotic diagnostics of 12 farms in the Moscow region that are endowed with endometritis and mastitis in cows, as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of newborn calves, with the aim of identifying zoo-hygienic, zootechnical and veterinary deficiencies to optimize the strategy for dealing with them. Studies on biocenoses were carried out in 12 farms unsuccessful in cows’ obstetric and gynecological diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of newborn calves, with a total number of cattle 12 254, including 4445 cows. For this purpose, field trips were periodically carried out for epizootological examinations of farm biogeocenoses and for the selection of blood serum stabilized with heparin and samples of pathological material for bacteriological, mycological, virological, hematological and immunological studies. It was established that in experimental farms there are no proper conditions to ensure the breaking of the epizootic chain during the infectious process. So, the main factors that contribute to the development and spread of these pathologies are poor food supply, violations of elementary veterinary and sanitary rules for keeping and milking, and failure to fully implement measures to prevent these diseases. An analysis of the epizootic situation for cattle diseases caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria indicates that farms that are unsuccessful for factor infections have all the conditions for the circulation of pathogens, repeated passage through susceptible animals, the increase in the virulence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, and in some cases for appearing pathogenicity in saprophytic bacteria. An effective fight against malignant microbial ecosystems requires in-depth knowledge of the parasitocenoses’ quantitative and species composition, the study of relationships between its individual representatives, the mandatory identification of pure cultures of all its members, and determination of the microbial agents marker biological properties, as well as detailed biocenotic diagnosis of the animal habitat (farm, barn, etc.).

scholarly journals Minerals, Essential Oils, and Biological Properties of Melissa officinalis L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Fahima Abdellatif ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Samir Begaa ◽  
Mohammed Messaoudi ◽  
Adel Benarfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Total Oil

This study describes the minerals elements, chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Algerian Melissa officinalis plant. The essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation (HD) using a Clevenger-type apparatus of dry leaves of M. officinalis and was analyzed by two techniques, gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighteen minerals comprising both macro- and microelements (As, Br, K, La, Na, Sb, Sm, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Sc, Th, and Zn) were determined using neutron activation analysis technique for the first time from Algerian Melissa officinalis plant. Seventy-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil, representing 94.090% of the total oil and the yields were 0.470%. The major component was geranial (45.060%). Other predominant components were neral (31.720%) and citronellal (6.420%). The essential oil presented high antimicrobial activity against microorganisms, mainly five human pathogenic bacteria, one yeast, Candida albicans, and two phytopathogenic fungi. The results can be used as a source of information for the pharmaceutical industry and medical research.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Bacterial Stem Rot, Caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi, on Field-Grown Tomato in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Chellemi ◽  
H. A. Dankers ◽  
K. Hill ◽  
R. E. Cullen ◽  
G. W. Simone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Tomato Isolate

In September 1997, wilted 4-week-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were observed in a commercial production field in St. Lucie County, FL. Closer inspection of affected plants revealed hollow stems and petioles with dark, water-soaked lesions. Diseased tissue was macerated and streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) and crystal violet pectate (CVP) agar. After incubation for 2 days at 30°C, isolates produced pits on the CVP agar. Isolates were transferred onto NA and the incubation and transfer procedure was performed two additional times to obtain pure cultures. Suspensions of bacterial cells were injected into tomato and tobacco leaves to test for a hypersensitive or pathogenic reaction. Isolates produced collapsed necrotic tissue on tomato while no reaction was observed on tobacco. Tests for differentiating species and subspecies in the ‘carotovora’ group of Erwinia were conducted following the protocol of Dickey and Kelman (1). With known cultures of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi as controls, the isolate from tomato was determined to function as a facultative anaerobe, utilize asparagine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and give positive reactions for pectate degradation, phosphatase, and growth at 37°C. Known cultures of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. chrysanthemi, and the tomato isolate were grown on trypticase soy broth agar for 24 h at 28°C and their cellular fatty acids derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Statistical analyses of FAME profile data (MIDI Microbial Identification System, Newark, DE, version 3.60) identified the tomato isolate as Erwinia chrysanthemi. Pathogenicity was determined by inoculating 50-day-old tomato plants (cv. SunPride) with a suspension of E. chrysanthemi obtained from nutrient broth plates incubated at 24°C for 60 h. Three plants each were inoculated with the E. chrysanthemi identified from tomato, sterile water, and known cultures of E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by placing a drop at the junction of the petiole and stem and passing a sterile needle through the drop into the stem. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse. Dark, water-soaked cankers were observed on the stems of plants inoculated with E. chrysanthemi, including the tomato isolate and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora, after 7 days. No symptoms were observed on plants inoculated with sterile water. Reisolation of the pathogen and identification was performed with tissue from one of the symptomatic inoculated plants. Analyses of FAMEs confirmed E. chrysanthemi as the causal agent. This is the first report of E. chrysanthemi causing a vascular disease of field-grown tomato in Florida. Reference: (1) R. S. Dickey and A. Kelman. 1988. Pages 44–59 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. N. W. Schaad, ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.

scholarly journals Non-Lytic Antibacterial Peptides That Translocate Through Bacterial Membranes to Act on Intracellular Targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon H. Cardoso ◽  
Beatriz T. Meneguetti ◽  
Bruna O. Costa ◽  
Danieli F. Buccini ◽  
Karen G. N. Oshiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Intracellular Targets

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria has attracted great attention worldwide. As a response to this growing challenge, diverse studies have focused on the development of novel anti-infective therapies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The biological properties of this class of antimicrobials have been thoroughly investigated, and membranolytic activities are the most reported mechanisms by which AMPs kill bacteria. Nevertheless, an increasing number of works have pointed to a different direction, in which AMPs are seen to be capable of displaying non-lytic modes of action by internalizing bacterial cells. In this context, this review focused on the description of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of non-lytic AMPs, including indolicidin, buforin II PR-39, bactenecins, apidaecin, and drosocin, also shedding light on how AMPs interact with and further translocate through bacterial membranes to act on intracellular targets, including DNA, RNA, cell wall and protein synthesis.

Synthesis, Characterisation, and Biological Properties of Oxidovanadium(IV) 3,5-Dinitrosalicylhydroxamate Complexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Bhanu Priya ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pyramidal Geometry ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

The new oxidovanadium(iv) complexes of composition [VO(3,5(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)2] 1 and [VO(acac)(3,5(NO2)2C6H2(OH)CONHO)] 2 (where acac=(CH3COCHCOCH3)–] have been synthesised by the reactions of VOSO4·5H2O and [VO(acac)2] with potassium 3,5-dinitrosalicylhydroxamate (3,5-(NO2)2SHK) and characterised by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic moment measurements and FT-IR, UV-vis, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Infrared spectra of complexes have indicated bonding through oxygen atoms of carbonyl and hydroxamic groups (O,O coordination). The magnetic moment, ESR, and mass spectra of the complexes suggested their monomeric nature, and a distorted square-pyramidal geometry around the vanadium has tentatively been proposed. The electrochemical behaviour of 1 and 2 has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. Thermal behaviour of the complexes studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis techniques has yielded VO2 as the decomposition product. The invitro antimicrobial activity of the ligand and complexes has been assayed against pathogenic bacteria and fungi by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The invitro antioxidant activity of the complexes has been determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method.

Evaluation of methods for isolation of DNA for PCR based identification of pathogenic bacteria from pure cultures and water samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-620
Author(s):  
K. Horáková ◽  
H. Mlejnková ◽  
P. Mlejnek
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Water Science ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods

Water Science and Technology 58(5), 995–999 Publisher's note. We regret that the version of this article used in production did not incorporate a number of corrections and clarifications. The corrected versions of the text are as given below.

Evaluation of methods for isolation of DNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based identification of pathogenic bacteria from pure cultures and water samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Horáková ◽  
H. Mlejnková ◽  
P. Mlejnek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides a reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria in water samples. However, this method can be adversely influenced by the purity of the DNA template. This is a particularly important obstacle when the bacterial DNA is directly extracted from water samples. In this study we compared the suitability of 8 different methods for isolation of bacterial DNA from pure cultures and 10 different methods for isolation of DNA from water samples. The quality of extracted DNA was assessed by PCR amplification of target sequences derived from uid (E. coli and Shigella sp.), tuf (Enterococcus sp.) and hns (Salmonella sp.). Results indicated that there are differences among the methods tested and only a few of them gave satisfactory results. The method based on alkaline lysis of bacterial suspension, which was developed in our laboratory, seemed to be efficient enough for the detection of bacteria from pure cultures. Detection of bacteria directly from water samples was more difficult. The modified method developed by Slusarenko was found as the best of the tested methods.

scholarly journals Research Based on Multimodal Deep Feature Fusion for the Auxiliary Diagnosis Model of Infectious Respiratory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Zhao ◽  
Liyan Yu ◽  
Zhuo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
Deep Feature ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Diagnosis Model

Pulmonary infection is a common clinical respiratory tract infectious disease with a high incidence rate and a severe mortality rate as high as 30%–50%, which seriously threatens human life and health. Accurate and timely anti-infective treatment is the key to improving the cure rate. NGS technology provides a new, fast, and accurate method for pathogenic diagnosis, which can provide effective clues to the clinic, but determining the true pathogenic bacteria is a problem that needs to be solved urgently, and a comprehensive judgment must be made by the clinician combining the laboratory results, clinical information, and epidemiology. This paper intends to effectively collect and process the missing values of NGS data, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, imaging test results, and other multimodal data of patients with infectious respiratory diseases. It also studies the deep feature fusion algorithm of multimodal data, couples the private and shared features of different modal data of infectious respiratory diseases, and digs into the hidden information of different modalities to obtain efficient and robust shared features that are conducive to auxiliary diagnosis. The establishment of an auxiliary diagnosis model for the infectious respiratory diseases can intelligentize and automate the diagnosis process of infectious respiratory, which has important significance and application value when applied to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Ethiopathogenetic aspects and laboratory diagnostics of viral respiratory-intestinal infections of calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
O. S. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Pathological Material

The results of a virological and serological study of calves, patients and deaths with symptoms of diarrhea and pneumoenteritis are presented. In the pathological material of 8 calves of 2–8 days of age, sick and deaths with signs of diarrhea, antigens of rotavirus B (62.5%) and betacoronavirus 1 (100%) were identified in direct immunofluorescence test, including 62.5% of animals with associated infection. Serological research of 17 calf convalescents revealed a diagnostic increase in antibodies to rotavirus B (52.9%) and betacoronavirus 1 (70.6%), including 23.5% of animals with seroconversion to two viruses. In a research of blood sera and colostrum on the first day, 25 cows were found to have antibodies to rotavirus B (20.0%) and beta-coronavirus 1 (32.0%) in hemagglutination inhibition test. The relationship between antibody titers in the serum and colostrum of maternal cows and blood serum of newborn calves was established. Antigens of rotaviruses A and C, ungulate boсaparvоvirus 1 and specific antibodies to them for diarrheal calf disease have not been established. In the pathological material of 11 calves of 15–20 days of age, sick and deaths with signs of pneumoenteritis, antigens of bovine mastadenovirus B (72.7%) and bovine atadenovirus D (45.5%) were identified in direct immunofluorescence test, including 18.2% of animals are associated with two viruses. In a serological research of 48 calf-convalescents, a diagnostic increase in antibody titers to bovine mastadenovirus B (66.7%) and bovine atadenovirus D (50.0%) was detected in hemagglutination inhibition test. In a study of colostrum on the first day of 22 cows, antibodies to bovine mastadenovirus B (27.3%) and bovine atadenovirus D (18.2%) were detected. Antigens of bovine mastаdenovirus A and C, pestiviruses A and B, mammalian orthoreovirus, ungulate boсaparvоvirus 1 and specific antibodies to them for pneumoenteritis of calves have not been established. Therefore, in the etiopathogenesis of diarrheal disease of newborn calves, the involvement of rotavirus B and betacoronavirus 1 was established. The presence of colostrum antibodies did not protect calves from rotavirus and coronavirus infections, did not block the secretion of viruses from feces, and correlated with their mire contents. Colostrum antibodies inhibited the body's immunological response to infection. The participation of bovine mastodenovirus and bovine atadenovirus D has been found in the etiopathogenesis of calf pneumoenteritis. These viruses latently infect adult animals as a source of infectious agents for calves.

Efficacy of Neutral Electrolyzed Water for Reducing Pathogenic Bacteria Contaminating Shrimp

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 2176-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATTAMA RATANA-ARPORN ◽  
NARUEMON JOMMARK
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
New Applications

Pathogenic contamination is a food safety concern. This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) in killing pathogens, namely, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli in shrimp. Pure cultures of each pathogen were submerged separately in NEW containing five different chlorine concentrations: 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 ppm. For each concentration, three submersion times were tested: 1, 3, and 5 min. The population of V. parahaemolyticus was rapidly reduced even at low concentrations, but prolonged contact times caused only a slight reduction. V. vulnificus was gradually inhibited with increasing NEW concentrations and contact times. For the V. parahaemolyticus applications of 70 ppm for 5 min and of 100 ppm for 3 min, each eliminated 7 log CFU/ml. For V. vulnificus, applications of 50 ppm for 3 min and 100 ppm for 1 min, each eliminated 7 log CFU/ml. Salmonella Enteritidis and E. coli were slightly reduced by NEW. Applications of 50 ppm for 15 min and 10 ppm for 30 min completely eliminated 4.16 log CFU/g of V. parahaemolyticus in inoculated shrimp, while only a 1-log CFU/g reduction of V. vulnificus was detected. Soaking shrimp in 10 ppm NEW for 30 min did not affect its sensory quality. Our results suggest NEW could be an alternative sanitizer to improve the microbiological quality of seafood.

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