The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Thai Infants by Complete Blood Count at 9-Month-Old

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Baby Clinic

Background: Infants are the most at risk from iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but the prevalence of the latter in this group is unclear. Estimation as to the prevalence of IDA using Hb of less than 11 g/dL may have been exaggerated due to thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies. On the other hand, iron studies are costly and not routinely available in low resource settings. In the present research, the authors estimated the prevalence of IDA in 9-month-old infants at the authors’ well-baby clinic by improving the post-iron-treatment criteria of Hb and defined the risk factors of IDA in infants. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of IDA in 9-month-old infants at the well-baby clinic and to define the risk factors of IDA. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 391 children who had complete blood count (CBC) screening at 9-month-old at the well-baby clinic. Anemia was defined according to the WHO criteria (hemoglobin of 11 g/dL or less for children aged six months to five years). IDA was defined as an increase of at least Hb 1 g/dL after receiving iron treatment for one to two months. Mean levels of hematological parameters were compared between groups using independent samples t-test. The characteristics with potential risk factors for IDA were compared with iron non-responder and normal group. Multivariable adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IDA were calculated using multinomial logistic regression with control for risk factors. Results: One hundred fourteen children (29.1%) were anemic. There was no difference between anemic and non-anemic children in baseline characteristics. Seventy children in the anemic group were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of IDA in the present study was 17.9%. The IDA group showed significant improvement in Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH after receiving iron treatment, but there were no significant changes in the iron non-responder group. The risk factor for IDA was exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months (odds ratio 3.14, 95% CI 1.67 to 5.90, p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of IDA and anemia in the present study was 17.9% and 29.1%, respectively. The risk factor for IDA was exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months. Keywords: Anemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Prevalence of anemia in infants, Complete blood count screening, Thai infants

scholarly journals Hypoferritinemia without Anemia the Possible Diagnostic Thought

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4897-4897
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Al-Jafar ◽  
S Al-Fadhli ◽  
Althallab F ◽  
Mubark Al Ageeli
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Treatment

Abstract Hypoferritinemia Without Anemia The Possible Diagnostic Thought Hassan Al-Jafar , Saud Al-Fadli , Fatma Al-Thelab , Mubark Al-Aqeel Introduction : Iron metabolism still an active area in research work which provide more knowledge of aetiology and pathogenesis of the diseases and provide new treatment methods based on the new research results . HWA is one of the metabolic disorders where all the investigations are withen normal reference ranges . HWA patients could have long standing complain , while few HWA patients have no complains . The normal all results make HWA a hidden disease with lack in the exact underling cause . Iron deficiency anemia ( IDA ) and latent iron deficiency anemia ( LIDA ) are easy to diagnose from the clinical and the laboratory results , where IDA has anemia and LIDA has at least one paremeter in complete blood count that indicate a stage of pre-iron deficiency anemia . HWA desease has normal results except low ferritin level , ehat make pre-pre-IDA or pre-LIDA with normal transferrin saturation a stutus which was not described before . In the letreture serum ferritin found to be low in canins due to autoantibodies , also there could be another factors which not yet known that may affect iron metabolism and causing HWA . Aim: This research project is looking for interpretation for HWA to treat it by methods other than iron or iron infusion as many unpleasant and side effects accompanied both oral and intravenous iron treatment. Methodology and tools: From our hospital data and from the outpatient department 75 Patients 36 male and 39 females were reviewed to detect the variations of complete blood count parameters in comparison with iron status. Tools: Complete blood count (CBC), HPLC, serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin. Including criteria: Adult male and female patients, normal HPLC results. Excluding criteria: Abnormal HPLC, Family history of hemoglobinopathy disorders for patients investigated prospectively, patients on iron treatment excluded from this study. Results: In IDA group usually all the parameters indicate IDA. In LIDA group at least one parameter or more indicate iron deficiency. In HWA group only, ferritin is low and transferrin saturation is normal while it is expected to be low if HWA underling aetiology is iron deficiency. Table [ 1] Conclusion: IDA and LIDA are easly diagnosed , while HWA has only low serum ferritin which is not routinely done. In HWA the results are not going with the usual parameters of iron metabolism and homeostasis, when low ferritin found with normal transferrin saturation in the same sampling days. HWA could be just an early pre- LIDA or may be a low ferritin reference range in some countries especially when the patient has no complains, or the body could have another unknow storage mechanisms other than ferritin. HWA also might be hormonal deficiency which reduce acute reactive proteins which could affect serum ferritin level or HWA could be an antibody against ferritin which has no influence on serum iron, but it renders serum ferritin lower than normal. HWA is important from many aspects , first it is a hidden disorder which need to be known by the physicians for diagnosis and treatment and it is important from academic point of view to answer to its indecisive aetiology and pathogenesis especially when it has a controversy in low ferritin and normal transferrin saturation . Adding more research tools as hepcidin test could provide more information to understand HWA disorder better. References: 1-Wei Wang , Mary Knovich , Lan G.Coffman Frank M, Torti , Suzy V. Torti , Serum ferritin :Past , Present and future Biochim Biophys acta , 2010 August ; 1800 (8) : 760-769 2-Hassan Al-Jafar, HWA: Hypoferritinemia without a hidden hematology disorder, journal of family medicine and primary care 2017, volume: 6, issue: 1 p 69-72 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding exclusively and iron deficiency anemia during the first 6 months of age

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa F.S.V. Marques ◽  
José A.A.C. Taddei ◽  
Fábio A. Lopez ◽  
Josefina A.P. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective The objective was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among exclusively breastfed infants from one to six months of life and to identify associated risk factors. Methods This is a cohort study of the hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels of 102 healthy full-term infants, weighing more than 2500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth, evaluated for growth development and supported to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured in the first, fourth, and sixth months of life. The hemoglobin and ferritin levels of the mothers were also measured in the first month postpartum. Results At four months, 5.7% presented iron deficiency and 3.4% had iron deficiency anemia. At six months, the percentage of children with iron deficiency increased more than four times, reaching 26.1%, while iron deficiency anemia was present in 23.9% of the infants studied. Iron deficiency at six months of age was significantly correlated to growth velocity. Conclusion According to the results of this study, exclusive breastfeeding protects infants from iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia for the first four months of life. After this age, in accordance with the literature, the findings of this study demonstrated an increase in anemia and iron deficiency rates, adding to evidence that supports the monitoring of iron levels in exclusively breastfed children presenting higher weight gains beginning at four months of age.

scholarly journals Screening to Determine Prevalence of β-Thalassemia and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Medical Students

BioSight ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Saddam Kalwar ◽  
Akbar Agha ◽  
Aribah Naz ◽  
Afsheen Arif
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thalassemia Trait

According to the Thalassemia Federation of Pakistan, the mostly inherited disorder in Pakistan is β-thalassemia, which is characterized by a deficient, abnormal, or lack of β-globin chain synthesis and has a prevalence of 6%. The only method of controlling and preventing β-thalassemia is to increase awareness among students. This was an observational study using a random sampling technique. The Dow-Thalassemia awareness program recruited 915 medical students from the Dow Medical College (DMC) and Sindh Medical College (SMC) to voluntarily donate blood samples, which were analyzed by the naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test (NESTROFT) and complete blood count and results were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed using the NESTROFT. The samples were collected in 2012-2013. A total of 915 samples, out of these 390 samples, 390/915 (42.6%) samples were positive and complete blood count found 282 (72.3%) were positive for iron deficiency anemia. The remaining 108/390 (27.6%) were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Only 2.4 % subjects were positive for the β-thalassemia trait. Of 915 students, 57.4% of students were healthy, 39.2% had iron deficiency anemia, and 2.4% were carriers of the β-thalassemia trait. The overall prevalence of β-thalassemia was 38/915 (4.1%), which was lower than observed in previous studies. This study also demonstrated the NESTROFT can be used as a primary method of screening out healthy individuals, where approximately 50% require further screening for β-thalassemia

Prevalence of Iron Depletion and Anemia in Top-level Basketball Players

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Dubnov ◽  
Naama W. Constantini
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Store ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Iron Depletion

Iron depletion, with or without anemia, may have a negative effect on physical and mental performance. Even with current recognition of the problem, its incidence among athletes remains high. Most studies describe iron status in endurance athletes. This study examined the prevalence of iron depletion and anemia among male and female top-level basketball players. Adolescents and adults (N = 103) from 8 national basketball teams were screened for anemia and iron stores status, which included a complete blood count and levels of plasma ferritin, transferrin, and serum iron. Iron depletion, defined by a ferritin level below 20 μg/L, was found among 22% of study participants (15% in males vs. 35% in females, p = .019). Anemia was found among 25% of athletes (18% in males vs. 38% in females, p = .028). Iron deficiency anemia, defined by the presence of anemia, ferritin levels below 12 μg/L, and transferrin saturation below 16%, was found among 7% of players (3% in males vs. 14% in females, p = .043). In summary, a high prevalence of iron depletion, anemia, and iron deficiency anemia was found among basketball players of both genders. We recommend screening ballgame players for blood count and iron store status, and providing nutritional counseling and iron supplementation when necessary.

An Effective and Efficient Testing Protocol for Diagnosing Iron-deficiency Anemia Preoperatively

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obianuju Okocha ◽  
Hardik Dand ◽  
Michael J. Avram ◽  
BobbieJean Sweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Patient Visit ◽  
Single Patient ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Ferritin Concentration

Background Iron-deficiency anemia is a common perioperative condition and increases perioperative morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and treatment are important. This retrospective cohort study tested the hypothesis that a newly developed preprocedure evaluation protocol diagnoses more patients with iron-deficiency anemia than the traditional practice of obtaining a complete blood count followed by iron studies. Methods The preprocedure anemia evaluation is an order for a complete blood count and reflex anemia testing, which can be completed with a single patient visit. A hemoglobin concentration of 12 g/dl or less with serum ferritin concentration less than 30 ng/ml or transferrin saturation less than 20% defined iron-deficiency anemia. Northwestern Medicine’s database was queried for preoperative clinic patients, age 16 to 89 yr, before (2015 to 2016) and after (2017 to 2018) protocol implementation. The proportion of patients diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia before and after the preprocedure anemia evaluation implementation was compared. Results Before implementing the protocol, 8,816 patients were screened with a traditional complete blood count. Subsequent iron studies at the providers’ discretion diagnosed 107 (1.2%) patients with iron-deficiency anemia. Some patients were still screened with a complete blood count after implementing the protocol; 154 of 4,629 (3.3%) patients screened with a complete blood count and 738 of 2,828 (26.1%) patients screened with the preprocedure anemia evaluation were diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. The preprocedure anemia evaluation identified a far larger proportion of patients with iron-deficiency anemia than did the traditional complete blood count when compared both before (relative risk [95% CI], 21.5 (17.6 to 26.2); P &lt; 0.0001) and after (7.8 [6.6 to 9.3]; P &lt; 0.0001) its implementation. Conclusions The preprocedure anemia evaluation improved identification of iron-deficiency anemia preoperatively. It is more effective and efficient, allowing anemia evaluation with a single patient visit. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

scholarly journals POS0567 HEPCIDIN IS POTENTIAL BIOMARKER TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ANEMIA OF INFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 518.2-518
Author(s):  
E. Galushko ◽  
A. Semashko ◽  
A. Gordeev ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Serum Hepcidin ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Anemia Of Inflammation

Background:Anemia of inflammation (AI) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the two most prevalent forms of anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Diagnosis becomes challenging if AI is associated with true ID (AI/ID), as there is still a lack of a gold standard for differentiation between AI and AI/ID. However, as therapies to overcome anemia differ, proper diagnosis and understanding of underlying pathophysiological regulations are necessary.Objectives:The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficiency of hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, in the diagnosis of IDA, as well as the differential diagnosis of AI/ID and AI in patients with RA.Methods:The study was undertaken 96 patients with RA, 67 of them were diagnosed anemia according to WHO criteria (104,3±21,4 g/l). Anemic patients and anemia-free patients with RA (n=29) were comparable (p>0.05) in age (44.4±14.8 and 49.8±9.3 years), disease duration (73.5±65.4 and 59.8±48.3 months) and DAS28 (6.3±1.6 and 5.9±1.9). All cases were subjected to following tests: complete blood count with peripheral smear, serum C-reactive protein, serum interleukin-6, iron studies, serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and serum hepcidin. Patients with RA and anemia were divided two groups: 25 patients with IDA and 42 - with AI. The AI cases were subdivided into pure AI and AI with coexistent ID (n=15).Results:The mean serum hepcidin concentration was significantly increased in pure AI patients (123.85±25.8 ng/mL) as compared to those in IDA patients (63.9±22.8 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and anemia-free patients with RA (88.1±39.09 ng/mL). Also, compared to pure AI patients [normal sTfR levels (<3 µg/mL)], the serum hepcidin concentration was reduced significantly in AI patients with ID [high sTfR levels (≥3 µg/mL)] with a mean of 79.0±23.97 ng/mL.Conclusion:Hepcidin measurement can provide a useful tool for differentiating AI from IDA and also help to identify an iron deficiency in AI patients. This might aid in the appropriate selection of therapy for these patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Profile of iron deficiency anemia among junior high school students

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Dewi Iriani ◽  
Alan R. Tumbelaka ◽  
Sri Sudaryati Nasar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High School Students ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
School Students

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious significant public health problem, since it’s negative impact on physicaland psycological development, behavior and work capacity. There are many risk factors influencing the development of IDA.A cross-sectional study has been conducted in 301 Junior High School students at East Jakarta in January-February 2000.A structural questionnaire, physical, cell blood count (CBC) and Serum Iron ( SI ) examinations were performed. We foundsome of the many variables were connected with IDA by using bivariat analysis. Anemia was found in 41 out of 301 students(13,6%) and only 25 children (8.3%) suffered from IDA. Among 179 female students, only 33 children (18.5%) were anemicand 20 out of 33 (12.0%) have IDA. Bivariat analysis revealed a significant association between IDA with sex, parent’seducation, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) scores, and menstruation. It is concluded that the prevalence of IDA in thisstudy was lower than found in some previous studies in Indonesia. Gender, menstruation, low educated parents, and low FFQscores were risk factors for IDA.

scholarly journals Excess Hemolysis in Subjects with Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia Associated and Nonassociated with Hookworm Infection

Blood ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL LAYRISSE ◽  
JESÚS LINARES ◽  
MARCEL ROCHE ◽  
Adelina Ojeda ◽  
Alvaro Carstens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Intrinsic Defect ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Iron Treatment ◽  
Red Cell Survival

Abstract An excess hemolysis was found in subjects with iron deficiency anemia associated with hookworm infection. Red cell survival, measured with Cr51 and DFP32 in the subjects before deworming, showed a marked disproportion between the decrease of the survival and the amount of daily intestinal blood loss in most cases. Excess of hemolysis was still present after more than 90 per cent of the parasites were removed. Red cell survival became normal after correction of anemia through iron treatment. Excess of hemolysis was also present in noninfected subjects with iron deficiency anemia due to other causes. The reduction in the survival of the erythrocytes from infected subjects transfused into normal recipients shows that the hemolytic process is due to an intrinsic defect of the red cells. The low values of hemoglobinemia and the presence of haptoglobins in the plasma indicate that hemoglobin has not been liberated in excess intravascularly. Finally, the fact that the red cells from an infected patient taken after deworming survived normally in splenectomized recipients indicates that the spleen is probably the principal site of the red cell destruction. The clinical and autopsy findings suggest that splenic function is not pathologically increased, but rather that this organ is acting physiologically at a more rapid rate, "culling" the abnormal circulating red cells and thus leading to a decrease in red cell survival. The studies presented here also indicate that the hookworm infection per se does not induce hemolysis.

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