scholarly journals Russian Pilgrims of the 12th–18th Centuries on “The sweet land of Cyprus”

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Bliznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of

The era of the Crusades was also the era of pilgrims and pilgrimages to Jeru­salem. The Russian Orthodox world did not accept the idea of the Crusades and did not consider the Western European crusaders to be pilgrims. However, Russian people also sought to make pilgrimages, the purpose of which they saw in personal repentance and worship of the Lord. Visiting the Christian relics of Cyprus was desirable for pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. Based on the method of content analysis of a whole complex of the writings of Russian pil­grims, as well as the works of Cypriot, Byzantine, Arab and Russian chroniclers, the author explores the history of travels and pilgrimages of Russian people to Cyprus in the 12th–18th centuries, the origins of the Russian-Cypriot reli­gious, inter-cultural and political relationships, in addition to the dynamics of their development from the first contacts in the Middle Ages to the establish­ment of permanent diplomatic and political relations between the two coun­tries in the Early Modern Age. Starting with the 17th century, Russian-Cypriot relationships were developing in three fields: 1) Russians in Cyprus; 2) Cypri­ots in Russia; 3) knowledge of Cyprus and interest in Cyprus in Russia. Cyp­riots appeared in Russia (at the court of the Russian tsars) at the beginning of the 17th century. We know of constant correspondence and the exchange of embassies between the Russian tsars and the hierarchs of the Cypriot Ortho­dox Church that took place in the 17th–18th centuries. The presence of Cypri­ots in Russia, the acquisition of information, the study of Cypriot literature, and translations of some Cypriot writings into Russian all promoted interactions on both political and cultural levels. This article emphasizes the important histori­cal, cultural, diplomatic and political functions of the pilgrimages.

Michael Pastoureau, Blue: The History of a Color. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2018, pp. 216, 96 color ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coffee Table ◽  
Dark Blue

This book appeared first in French in 2000, was then translated into English in 2001, and has now been reprinted, obviously for good reasons, considering the excellent cultural-historical or anthropological information presented here, and the large number of high-quality color images. This could easily be a much sought-after coffee-table book, since even the cover, showing the Virgin Mary holding the Christ child, both surrounded by a host of angels, all dressed in dark blue (except for Jesus, whose lower body is covered with a blanket in gold), taken from the Wilton-Diptych (ca. 1389), National Gallery, London, dazzles us. Scholars, however, will also enjoy the critical discussion of the color blue, which is focused primarily on the Middle Ages, but takes into view as well antiquity and the early modern and modern age.

Portuguese Studium and Portuguese Scholars in the Middle Ages: Some Remarks on a Research Strand and its Databases = Studium y académicos portugueses en la Edad Media: algunas aportaciones sobre una línea de investigación y sus bases de datos

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hermenegildo Fernandes ◽  
Armando Norte ◽  
André de Oliveira Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Digital Humanities ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The University ◽  
Near Future

Abstract:This paper aims to present an existing research strand at the Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa (CH-ULisboa), which is based on several resources related to digital humanities. This broader research strand has three main axes: the study of the University of Lisbon per se, the mobility of Portuguese scholars in the medieval and early modern periods, and the funding and management of the medieval Portuguese studium, which together can help generate a general picture of the history of the universityin Portugal. These three axes are based on different field of digital humanities, such as databases and GIS, which we intend to merge and make available online in the near future. Two of these databases (the Magistri Database and the Peregrinatio Database) are presented here as case studies to discuss different issues derived from the use of the prosopographical method, as well as to address several technical issues.Keywords: Portugal, University, peregrination academica, Middle Ages and Early Modern Age, digital humanities.Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la presentación de una línea de investigación existente en el Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa (CH-ULisboa) basada en varios recursos relacionados con las humanidades digitales. Esta línea de investigación más amplia tiene tres ejes principales: el estudio de la Universidad de Lisboa, la movilidad de los estudiantes portugueses en las épocas medieval y moderna, y la financiación y gestión del studium medieval portugués, todos entrelazados con el fin de obtener una imagen de la historia de la universidad en Portugal. Estos tres ejes se basan en diferentes campos de las humanidades digitales, tales como las bases de datos y los SIG, que tenemos la intención de fusionar y hacer disponibles en línea en un futuro próximo. Dos de estas bases de datos (Magistri y Peregrinatio) se presentan aquí como casos de estudio que permiten examinar las cuestiones derivadas de la utilización de una metodología basada en la prosopografía, así como intentar aclarar problemas técnicos relacionados con ella.Palabras clave: Portugal, Universidad, peregrinatio academica, Edades Media y Moderna, humanidades digitales.   

Philip’s Empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Peace Dividend ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides a brief history of Castilian ascendancy from the late Middle Ages through the end of Philip II's reign. After the marriage of Prince Ferdinand of Aragon and Princess Isabella of Castile, a series of agreements—both tacit and explicit—recognized Castile's exclusive sovereignty over all territories conquered in the future. Ferdinand and Isabella shed many of the medieval structures of administration, modernizing the apparatus of the state and preparing it for the coming expansion. At the dawn of the early modern age, Ferdinand and Isabella had succeeded in giving their kingdoms a relatively strong monarchy and streamlined state institutions. Castile, where reforms were particularly deep and the peace dividend sizable, flourished economically.

Dido Meets Aeneas: Anachronism, Alternative History, Counterfactual Thinking and the Idea of Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-214
Author(s):  
Françoise Lavocat
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Change Of Perspective ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe anachronistic character of the loving relationship between Dido and Aeneas was widely and commonly discussed among commentators, critics, and writers in the early modern period. From the 16th century onwards, when the word »anachronism« appeared in vernacular languages, its definition was even inseparable from the example borrowed from the Aeneid. The purpose of this article is to interrelate early modern debates on anachronism, reflections on the status of fiction and the history of fiction.Starting with the hypothesis that anachronism is a form of counterfactual, the questions posed in this article are: did forms of counterfactuals exist before the 19th century, to what extent did they differ from contemporary alternative histories and, if so, why? The story of Dido and Aeneas in the Aeneid can be considered »counterfactual«, because this version of the narrative about the queen of Carthage was opposed to another, which was considered to be historical and which made Dido a privileged embodiment of female virtue and value.Several important shifts are highlighted in this article. With the exception of St. Augustine (who saw in Vergil’s anachronism confirmation of the inanity of fiction), before the 16th century indifference towards anachronism prevailed: the two versions of Dido’s story were often juxtaposed or combined. If Vergil’s version of Dido’s story was condemned, it was for moral reasons: the exemplary version, considered more historically accurate, was favored throughout the Middle Ages, notably by Petrarch and Boccaccio.From the 16th century onwards, however, increased acquaintance with Aristotle’s Poetics promoted greater demand for rationality and plausibility in fables. This coincided with the appearance of the word »chronology« and its development, which led to a new understanding of historical time. Anachronism then appeared to be a fault against verisimilitude, and as such was strongly condemned, for example by the commentator on Aristotle, Lodovico Castelvetro. At the same time, the argument of poetic license was also often invoked: it actually became the most common position on this issue. Vergil’s literary canonization, moreover, meant that the version of Dido’s life in the Aeneid was the only story that was known and cited, and from the 17th century onwards it totally supplanted the exemplary version. Strangely enough, permissiveness towards anachronism in treatises, prefaces, or comments on literary works was not accompanied by any development of counterfactual literature in early modern period. Indeed, in both narrative and theatrical genres fiction owed its development and legitimization to the triumph of the criterion of plausibility.This article, however, discusses several examples that illustrate how the affirmation of fiction in the early modern period was expressed through minor variations on anachronism: the counterfictional form of Ronsard’s epic, La Franciade, which represents an explicit deviation from the Iliad; the metaleptic meeting of Vergil and Dido in the Underworld in Fontenelle’s Le dialogue des morts; and the provocative proposal for a completely different version of Dido’s life, which was made in an early 17th century Venetian operatic work by an author who claimed to be anti-Aristotelian. This study thus intends to provide an aspect of the story of fiction. The change of perspective on anachronism marks a retreat from moral argument, with privilege given to aesthetic criteria and relative independence with regard to history – while still moderated by the criterion of verisimilitude, as underlined by the abbé d’Aubignac, as well as Corneille.

scholarly journals Metsepole Livonians from the 14th to the 17th century

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Aldur Vunk
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Population History ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of

The topic of this paper is the history of Metsepole Livonians (later called Salaca Livonians) from the 14th to the 17th century. The paper refers to academic works from the 17th (by Thomas Hiärn) and later centuries dealing with the linguistic borders of Livonians in Salaca Parish. Also considered are rarely used papers such as the research by Manfred von Vegesack, who has investigated the population history of Livonians in the northern part of Vidzeme through place names found in church registers, ploughland revisions, revenue district registers etc. Information from some sources that have not been used before is presented here as well. As a result of different historical processes, the identity of Metsepole Livonians gradually weakened from the 14th to the 17th century. Livonian linguistic identity faded due to both the loss of its ancient status and the area of communication that expanded in the Middle Ages and the modern age. The number of language users became a strong precondition for the expansion of the area of use of a language, and there was not a vast number of Livonians. The history of these Finno-Ugric people is unusual due to the historical background of Livonia, but there are similarities in the rules of preservation of languages worldwide.Kokkuvõte. Aldur Vunk: Metsepole liivlased 14.–17. sajandil. Artikli teemaks on Metsepole liivlaste (hiljem tuntud kui Salatsi liivlased) ajalugu 14.–17. sajandil. Käesoleva artikli maht ei võimaldanud kirjeldada Metsepole maakonna kujunemist ja selle ümberkujundamist Riia peapiiskopkonna kui riigi rajamise käigus 13. sajandil. Samuti kirjalike allikate kaudu paremini dokumenteeritud Salatsi liivlaste viimaste keelesaarte kahanemist 18. ja eriti 19. sajandil. Need teemad koos Salatsi liivlaste nimede teemaga on osadeks juba ettevalmistamisel olevale terviklikumale käsitlusele. Artikkel toetub akadeemilistele kirjutistele alates 17. sajandist (T. Hiärn) ja hilisemast ajast, kus kirjeldatakse liivlaste keelepiiri Salatsi kihelkonnas, samuti harvakasutatud Manfred von Vegesacki tööle, kes uuris Vidzeme põhjaosa rahvastikulugu kirikuraamatute, adramaarevisjonide, vakuraamatute ja muude omaaegsete allikate põhjal. Artikli koostamisel on kasutatud ka allikaid, mis seni olid läbi töötamata. Mitmesuguste ajalooliste protsesside tulemusel on Metsepole liivlaste identiteet 14. sajandist 17. sajandini oluliselt nõrgenenud. Põhjused keelelise identiteedi hääbumiseks on olnud nii liivlaste muinasaegse staatuse kadumine kui ka keskajal ja uusajal avardunud suhtluspiirkond, mille tõttu keelte kasutajate arv muutus oluliseks teguriks. Liivlasi polnud kuigi arvukalt ja nad olid oma tegevusaladest tulenevalt valmis omandama teisi keeli. 16. ja 17. sajandil alanud kirjakeelte loomise ja talurahvakoolide võrgu rajamise ajaks oli liivi keel jäänud vähemuskeeleks. Samuti ei leidunud piisavalt haritlasi, kes selles keeles kirjavara oleksid loonud. Selle soomeugri hõimu ajalugu on küll omapärane Liivimaa ajaloolise tausta tõttu, kuid keele hääbumise põhjustanud asjaolud on sarnased teistegi kadunud keelte omadega palju laiemas kontekstis.Märksõnad: Metsepole liivlased, Salatsi liivlased, liivi keel, Vana-Liivimaa, Vidzeme, Lemsalu, Vainiži, koolid, maakeelsed trükised, Salatsi kihelkonna mõisad, 17. sajandi vakusedKubbõvõttõks. Aldur Vunk: Metsepole līvlizt 14.–17. āigastsadā āigal. Kēra temātõks um Mõtsāpūol līvlizt (obbõm tundtõd kui Salāts līvlizt) istōrij 14.–17. āigastsadā āigal. Kēra alīzõks ātõ akādēmilizt kēratõkst 17. āigastsadāst (T. Hiärn) ja obāzõmõst āigast, kus kēratõb iļ līvlizt kīeležā Salāts pagāsts. Nei īž um kēra alīzõks Manfred von Vegesack tīe, mis tuņšliz Vidzeme pūojrov luggõ pivākuodārōntõd, addõrmōrevīzijd, vakrōntõd ja munt ovātõd abkõks. Sīe kēra kubbõpanmizõks attõ kȭlbatõd ka seļļizt ovātõd, mis attõ siedaigsōņõ īenõd tuņšlõmõt. Setsuglimizt istōrij suggimizt pierāst um Mõtsāpūol līvlizt eņtštīedami 14.–17. āigastsadā āigal nõŗkõn. Kīelliz eņtštīedamiz vōrgimiz pūojõks vȯļțõ nei līvlizt muinizaigiz kȭrda mȭitantimi kui ka kubsõkēmizarā ovārtimi sidāmtāigal ja ūžāigal. Līvlizt lug iz ūo sūr ja ne vȯļțõ vaļmõd oppõm mūḑi kēļi. Kērakīeld lūomiz ja talrovskūolõd võrgõ pūojtimiz īrgandõksõks 16. ja 17. āigastsadā āigal vȯļ līvõ kīelstõ īend veitimit kīelkõks. Nei īž iz täut opātõd rovžti, kis vȯlkstõ sīes kīels lūond kēravillõ. Sīe sūomõ-ugrõ rov istōrij um set Līvõmō istōrijs eņtšvīți.

Allegra Iafrate, The Long Life of Magical Objects: A Study in the Solomonic Tradition. The Magic in History Series. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019, xi, 235 pp., 19 b/w images, 2 tables.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-254
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
State University ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Objects ◽  
The Middle Ages

Throughout times, magic and magicians have exerted a tremendous influence, and this even in our (post)modern world (see now the contributions to Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time, ed. Albrecht Classen, 2017; here not mentioned). Allegra Iafrate here presents a fourth monograph dedicated to magical objects, primarily those associated with the biblical King Solomon, especially the ring, the bottle which holds a demon, knots, and the flying carpet. She is especially interested in the reception history of those symbolic objects, both in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, both in western and in eastern culture, that is, above all, in the Arabic world, and also pursues the afterlife of those objects in the early modern age. Iafrate pursues not only the actual history of King Solomon and those religious objects associated with him, but the metaphorical objects as they made their presence felt throughout time, and this especially in literary texts and in art-historical objects.

La Storia dell’Età Moderna nelle „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioteken“: lo specchio di un secolo di ricerche

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Irene Fosi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Papal Court

AbstractThe article examines the topics relating to the early modern period covered by the journal „Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken“ in the hundred volumes since its first publication. Thanks to the index (1898–1995), published in 1997 and the availability online on the website perpectivia.net (since 1958), it is possible to identify constants and changes in historiographical interests. Initially, the focus was on the publication of sources in the Vatican Secret Archive (now the Vatican Apostolic Archive) relating to the history of Germany. The topics covered later gradually broadened to include the history of the Papacy, the social composition of the Curia and the Papal court and Papal diplomacy with a specific focus on nunciatures, among others. Within a lively historiographical context, connected to historical events in Germany in the 20th century, attention to themes and sources relating to the Middle Ages continues to predominate with respect to topics connected to the early modern period.

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