scholarly journals Electronic commerce in Ukraine: controversial aspects of legal and regulatory framework

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Zadorozhnyi
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The subject matter of the research paper is legal and regulatory framework of electronic commerce in Ukraine. The article systematizes the current laws and regulations which govern business activities of e-commerce enterprises and their accounting policies in order to identify areas for further improvement. The methods of systematization and generalization are used in the research for considering a set of regulatory and legal acts applicable to e-commerce enterprises in Ukraine. The study highlights key points for improving legal and regulatory framework related to e-commerce enterprises. Business activities of e-commerce enterprises and principles of accounting basis are viewed as divided into three levels: level 1 – The Constitution of Ukraine and the Codes of Laws; level 2 – The Laws of Ukraine; level 3 – subordinate legislation. An analysis is carried out to determine regulatory and legal acts related to electronic commerce of each of the above-mentioned levels. It is proposed to make amendments and additions to certain regulatory and legal acts with the aim of eliminating obsolete con- cepts and harmonization of legislation. It is proved that one of the key points for improving e-commerce in Ukraine is bringing the national legislation related to electronic commerce into compliance with EU laws and international standards.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah dengan Konteks Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Julia Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Tatag Yuli Eko Siswono
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Mathematics Problems ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Math Problems ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Different Levels

This study aims to describe the creative thinking abilities of students based on their level of creative thinking in solving math problems in the context of covid 19. Data collection was carried out by providing a test for solving mathematics problems in the context of Covid 19. Data analysis techniques were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data analysis is to see how the student is solving problems with what ideas can be given. The research subjects were four students with different levels of creative thinking, then interviewed how the students completed these problems. The results showed that the subject at level 0 (not creative) only gave one answer and one way of solving the problem. Subjects with creative thinking level 1 (less creative), able to produce two different answers, and able to present data in two ways of presenting data, but only one is correct. Then the subject with level 2 (creative enough), can give one answer correctly and two ways of presenting the data correctly. While the subject with level 3 (creative) thinking can produce two different answers correctly and two ways of presenting data correctly.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ STATISTICAL REASONING IN STATISTICS METHOD COURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Rohana Rohana ◽  
Yunika Lestaria Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Statistical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Level 2

The role of statistics is wide and crucial in daily life, making statistics important. Many students have difficulty understanding statistics. This study aims to determine students' statistical reasoning about inference statistics, which is limited to the subject matter of the testing hypotheses about two-sample hypotheses testing. This study used descriptive research method. The subjects were 25 students of third-year Mathematics Education Departement at Universitas PGRI Palembang in the academic year 2018/2019. Data were collected through tests and interviews. Data were analyzed through descriptive quantitative. The results of data analysis showed that 32% of students had level 1 statistical reasoning (the lowest level), 20% were at level 2, 28% at level 3, 12% at level 4 and 8% at level 5 (highest level). Based on the result, it can conclude that students' statistical reasoning ability in learning statistical method is not satisfactory, students are still very lacking in reasoning.

THE METADIALOGUE CONCEPT IN ITS LINGUISTIC ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Kupriyanova ◽  
I.M. Vasilyanova
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

The article summarizes the key points in the development of the metadialogue phenomenon from a linguistic point of view. Some stages of the development of this concept and the difficulties associated with its structuring are covered. The main research findings of modern foreign and domestic experts on its study are considered. Some characteristics of the subject of the research from the standpoint of various pragmatic installations are given. On the basis of the dynamic structure of the metadialogue development, certain principles of semantic relations connected with the dialectical nature of human cognition are presented. Excursion into the history and evolution of the concept is presented. Several types of formulation of the subject matter are given. In accordance with the goal of speech exposure, internal problems of the development of metadialogue are highlighted and the critical points related to solving these problems are described. The rules of metadialogue flow are explained at the level of steps, the success/failure of which directly affects the final result of communication. The prospects of development of the concept research in accordance with various types of discourse are indicated.

EVALUASI PELATIHAN DI PT. PUPUK KUJANG CIKAMPEK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lania Muharsih ◽  
Ratih Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Training Evaluation ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
A Company ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Evaluation Sheet ◽  
Assessment Factor

This study aims to determine the training evaluation at PT. Kujang Fertilizer. PT. Pupuk Kujang is a company engaged in the field of petrochemicals. Evaluation sheet of PT. Fertilizer Kujang is made based on Kirkpatrick's theory which consists of four levels of evaluation, namely reaction, learning, behavior, and results. At level 1, namely reaction, in the evaluation sheet is in accordance with the theory of Kirkpatrick, at level 2 that is learning should be held pretest and posttest but only made scale. At level 3, behavior, according to theory, but on assessment factor number 3, quantity and work productivity should not need to be included because they are included in level 4. At level 4, that is the result, here is still lacking to get a picture of the results of the training that has been carried out because only based on answers from superiors without evidence of any documents.   Keywords: Training Evaluation, Kirkpatrick Theory.    Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui evaluasi training di PT. Pupuk Kujang. PT. Pupuk Kujang merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang petrokimia. Lembar evaluasi PT. Pupuk Kujang dibuat berdasarkan teori Kirkpatrick yang terdiri dari empat level evaluasi, yaitu reaksi, learning, behavior, dan hasil. Pada level 1 yaitu reaksi, di lembar evaluasi tersebut sudah sesuai dengan teori dari Kirkpatrick, pada level 2 yaitu learning seharusnya diadakan pretest dan posttest namun hanya dibuatkan skala. Pada level 3 yaitu behavior, sudah sesuai teori namun pada faktor penilaian nomor 3 kuantitas dan produktivitas kerja semestinya tidak perlu dimasukkan karena sudah termasuk ke dalam level 4. Pada level 4 yaitu hasil, disini masih sangat kurang untuk mendapatkan gambaran hasil dari pelatihan yang sudah dilaksanakan karena hanya berdasarkan dari jawaban atasan tanpa bukti dokumen apapun.   Kata kunci: Evaluasi Pelatihan, Teori Kirkpatrick.

scholarly journals An Atmospheric Visibility Grading Method Based on Ensemble Learning and Stochastic Weight Average

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Xiuguo Zou ◽  
Jiahong Wu ◽  
Zhibin Cao ◽  
Yan Qian ◽  
Shixiu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Feature Sets ◽  
Atmospheric Visibility ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Grading Model ◽  
Level 2

In order to adequately characterize the visual characteristics of atmospheric visibility and overcome the disadvantages of the traditional atmospheric visibility measurement method with significant dependence on preset reference objects, high cost, and complicated steps, this paper proposed an ensemble learning method for atmospheric visibility grading based on deep neural network and stochastic weight averaging. An experiment was conducted using the scene of an expressway, and three visibility levels were set, i.e., Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Firstly, the EfficientNet was transferred to extract the abstract features of the images. Then, training and grading were performed on the feature sets through the SoftMax regression model. Subsequently, the feature sets were ensembled using the method of stochastic weight averaging to obtain the atmospheric visibility grading model. The obtained datasets were input into the grading model and tested. The grading model classified the results into three categories, with the grading accuracy being 95.00%, 89.45%, and 90.91%, respectively, and the average accuracy of 91.79%. The results obtained by the proposed method were compared with those obtained by the existing methods, and the proposed method showed better performance than those of other methods. This method can be used to classify the atmospheric visibility of traffic and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents caused by atmospheric visibility.

The Magical Number Two, Plus or Minus One: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Musical Information

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Magical Number ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Like all fields of human artistic endeavour, music is constrained by our cognitive processing requirements and limitations (Swain, 1986; Lerdahl, 1988; Huron, 2001). This articleconsiders particular forms of constraint pertaining to the relationships that the structure-seeking mind (subconsciously) fabricates between perceived musical events. It is proposed that 2±1 may be a universal limitation pertaining to the level of relationships so ideated. That is, in terms of Lewin'S (1987) theoretical framework in which “intervals” can be intuited between the “elements” of musical “spaces”, it is posited that the cognition of musical structure occurs either through intervals (level 1), through intervals between these (level 2), or — in some circumstances — through intervals between these(level 3). This proposition is explored through the psychomusicological model developed by Ockelford (1991, 1993, 1999), which too analyses musical structure in terms of the relationships that may be cognised between its discrete perceptual components. In particular, the model identifies a type of cognitive link through which events (at any level) arefelt to imply others the same or similar — through so-called “zygonic” relationships. This theory suggests a further general principle: that the highest level of relationship inoperation at any given point must be zygonic if the music is to be structurally coherent. Evidence for this, and for the limit on the level of relationships of 2±1, is offeredthrough a series of musical examples, which illustrate a variety of musical organisation in action. Finally, empirical work is suggested to explore further the theoretical ideas that arepresented here.

Systems biology markup language: Level 2 and beyond

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Finney ◽  
M. Hucka
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Exchange Format ◽  
Systems Biology Markup Language ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

The SBML (systems biology markup language) is a standard exchange format for computational models of biochemical networks. We continue developing SBML collaboratively with the modelling community to meet their evolving needs. The recently introduced SBML Level 2 includes several enhancements to the original Level 1, and features under development for SBML Level 3 include model composition, multistate chemical species and diagrams.

Knowledge Acquired from Learning: New Evidence of Hierarchical Conceptualization

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 975-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Montare
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Learning Rates ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Level 2

Following successful inductive acquisition of procedural cognition of a discrimination-reversal learning task, 50 female and 50 male undergraduates articulated declarative cognizance of knowledge acquired from learning. Tests of four hypotheses showed that (1) increasingly higher levels of declarative cognizance were associated with faster learning rates, (2) six new cases of cognition-without-cognizance were observed, (3) students presumably using secondary signalization learned faster than those presumably using primary signalization, and (4) no sex differences in learning rates or declarative cognizance were observed. The notion that explicit levels of declarative cognizance may represent implicit hierarchical conceptualization comprised of four systems of knowledge acquisition led to the conclusions that primary signalization may account for inductive senscept formation at Level 1 and for inductive percept formation at Level 2, whereas emergent secondary signalization may account for inductive precept formation at Level 3 and for inductive concept formation at Level 4.

scholarly journals Assessing a Prototype Database for Comprehensive Global Aquatic Land Cover Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4012
Author(s):  
Panpan Xu ◽  
Nandin-Erdene Tsendbazar ◽  
Martin Herold ◽  
Jan G. P. W. Clevers
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Land Cover Mapping ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Global Datasets ◽  
Flooded Areas

The monitoring of Global Aquatic Land Cover (GALC) plays an essential role in protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems. Although many GALC datasets have been created before, a uniform and comprehensive GALC dataset is lacking to meet multiple user needs. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using existing global datasets to develop a comprehensive and user-oriented GALC database and identify the gaps of current datasets in GALC mapping. Eight global datasets were reframed to construct a three-level (i.e., from general to detailed) prototype database for 2015, conforming with the United Nations Land Cover Classification System (LCCS)-based GALC characterization framework. An independent validation was done, and the overall results show some limitations of current datasets in comprehensive GALC mapping. The Level-1 map had considerable commission errors in delineating the general GALC distribution. The Level-2 maps were good at characterizing permanently flooded areas and natural aquatic types, while accuracies were poor in the mapping of temporarily flooded and waterlogged areas as well as artificial aquatic types; vegetated aquatic areas were also underestimated. The Level-3 maps were not sufficient in characterizing the detailed life form types (e.g., trees, shrubs) for aquatic land cover. However, the prototype GALC database is flexible to derive user-specific maps and has important values to aquatic ecosystem management. With the evolving earth observation opportunities, limitations in the current GALC characterization can be addressed in the future.

scholarly journals Audit Sistem Pendataan Keluarga Menggunakan Pendekatan Framework COBIT 5 Pada Domain DSS (Studi Kasus: BKKBN Propinsi Jawa Barat)

Teknika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Angga Maulana Nurhuda ◽  
Ervan Philipus ◽  
Ivan Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Capability Level

Peran sistem pendataan keluarga dalam rangka mendukung pencapaian program BANGGAKENCANA pada BKKBN Propinsi Jawa Barat adalah untuk menyediakan data dasar sebagai perencanaan strategis, peta kerja, maupun pemetaan mekanisme operasional menjadi krusial untuk menopang keberhasilan program. Untuk memastikan delivery produk, layanan, dan dukungan yang dihasilkan perlu dilakukan evaluasi sehingga dapat menghasilkan tata kelola sistem pendataan keluarga yang lebih optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh ukuran capability level proses TI saat ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan yang diharapkan sehingga dapat diperoleh kesenjangan guna penyusunan rekomendasi yang dapat diimplementasikan pada Siklus Sistem Pendataan Keluarga Tahun 2021 dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT 5. Data yang diperoleh bersumber dari responden yang berwenang dan kompeten berdasarkan pemetaan diagram RACI pada COBIT 5. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa dari 6 proses terpilih pada domain DSS terdapat 4 proses yang mencapai level 1 (performed) dan 2 proses yang berhasil mencapai level 2 (managed process). Tingkat kemampuan manajemen TI yang diharapkan berada pada level 3 sehingga GAP muncul di semua domain yang bermakna saat ini organisasi belum sepenuhnya mengimplementasikan proses yang ditetapkan untuk mencapai tujuan proses. Dari seluruh rangkaian penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa diperoleh nilai level kapabilitas sebesar 1,33 dan terdapat GAP sebesar 1,67 untuk mencapai level yang diharapkan. Dalam penelitian ini disampaikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas proses sehingga BKKBN Propinsi Jawa Barat dapat mencapai tingkat kapabilitas yang diharapkan.

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