scholarly journals ETHICS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESTORING HISTORICAL STONE MONUMENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Jadwiga W. Łukaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Historic Monuments ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Conservation Rule

The paper discusses ethical guidelines in relation to the conservation of historical monuments made of stone. The presented rules consider the building stone specificity and its susceptibility to various corrosion factors and the character of deteriorated areas in that kind of historic monuments. The basic conservation rule sounding Primum non nocere is deconvoluted to more particular principles like: (i) to preserve authentic historical matter as a carrier of artistic, scientific and historical value of the object, (ii) to provide minimal scale of intervention, (iii) to provide the reversibility of the methods and particularly materials used from conservation or reconstruction works, (iv) to provide distinguishability of reconstructions parts and (v) to provide the integrity of the work of art. The adaptability of these particular rules to the of conservation of stone artistic artefacts is also presented.

Art mediator as a participant of art communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
K.I. Shimanskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Art Museums ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Participatory Practice

Artistic communication is the interaction between the viewer and the work of art. Its success is the highest goal of an art mediator, whose role is to establish and maintain a dialogue between the subjects of artistic communication. n this regard, art mediation is understood by the authors of the article as a participatory practice that teaches visitors of art museums and galleries the language of art and its interpretation. This view is confirmed by a review of the concept of artistic communication in scientific literature, as well as an analysis of the practice of art mediation, its basic principles (such as openness, polyphony and the use of an individual approach by an art mediator) are revealed on the example of the Krasnoyarsk Museum Biennale «Negotiators» in the Krasnoyarsk Museum Center.

The Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England)

Antiquity ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (214) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Original Title ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Historic Monuments ◽  
New Framework

My original title deliberately contained several layers of ambiguity. First, my paper is official and ‘on the record’. Secondly, it refers incidentally to RCHM'S ‘track record’ and makes a few observations about the Commission's achievements and failures. Thirdly, and most importantly, it discusses the nature and future of that part of the national record of England's cultural heritage for which the Commission has the prime responsibility. That responsibility, implicit in the original 1908 Royal Warrant, and made explicit in its revised Warrant of 1963, involves the acquisition, storage and dissemination of information about the country's historic monuments and constructions in the widest sense of the phrase. The development of such a national record was envisaged by those who, in the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, agitated for the setting up of a Commission-type body. The record was to be the basis on which such a body could carry out its most pressing function, that is to assess the nation's monumental heritage in order to advise on what is worthy of preservation. A whole history could be written on how and why things turned out differently, but what I want to do here is to adumbrate the new framework for the changing emphases in the role of the Commission in the later twentieth century.

Revaluation of Ksar El-Haouita in Laghouat, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Imane Mahcar ◽  
Belkacem Takhi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Local Materials

Algeria has a rich urban and architectural heritage, which presents regional specificities. Once the ksour was a symbol of balance and perfect harmony with its environment, unfortunately today they no longer reflect their former function. The Ksourian architecture, including that of Laghouat is a prestigious heritage of high value; it is the testimony of genius knowledge and the capacity of their occupants to adapt to the difficult environment. The housing is considered the essential core of this architecture it represents the entire composition of the ksar, its design is inspired by the immediate environment and respects ancestral social values. It is characterized by a simple architecture and simple construction techniques which are based on the construction in load-bearing walls, the construction materials used are local materials of great resistance and less expensive. This study addresses the theme revaluation of heritage, particularly our case study ksar El-Haouita which has experienced a neglecting and depopulation due to several factors. The ksar El-Haouita is among the most famous ksour located in the south of Algeria and exactly in the region of Laghouat. It is built with simple materials and techniques of construction. The construction materials used are local materials like stones and lime found in the environmental surroundings of the ksar. The aim of this study is to identify the major causes of the degradation of ksar, also to preserve ksar El-Haouita through specific operations and to improve the tourist attractiveness of ksar El-Haouita in order to promote heritage, to convert it back into sustainable Saharan tourism. Our study based in the first place; on a theoretical underpinning which contains the notions that have a relation with our theme, the problematic and the envisaged objective, then a presentation of ksar followed by a morphological analysis accompanied by identification of the problems to identify the phenomena of damage and its disfigurement. The last step is to treat an aspect for the development of ksar, this aspect is devoted to the restitution of the defensive system (doors, ramparts, ramparts of houses and towers) of the ksar, through a diagnostic and several operations like (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The aim result of this study is to show that the revaluation of the ksar is a very vast operation and proposes interventions that allow the preservation of the ksar and also to understand the elements that help the success of interventions and to put some of the parameters considered as reference elements and basic principles for the operations on the ksar and among these operations it is (the case study, which is the restitution of the defensive system of ksar El-Haouita).

scholarly journals Eye trackers in evaluation of transformation of historical monuments. Revitalisation of the Dresden arsenal

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00092
Author(s):  
Marta Rusnak ◽  
Joanna Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Historic Monuments ◽  
Architectural Research ◽  
Suitable Object ◽  
Daniel Libeskind ◽  
The Way

The paper concentrates on the application of an eye tracker as a tool used to evaluate the successfulness of transformations of various historic monuments for modern purposes. An eye tracker as a device capable of registering the path of one’s gaze makes it possible to analyze the way in which people perceive a given architectural object - in the case of this paper it is the former Dresden Arsenal, now known as the Bundeswehr Military History Museum. Since Daniel Libeskind, the architect behind the transformation, clearly defined the impression he what to achieve and the building provokes significant controversies, it was decided that it would be a suitable object for such a study. The survey was meant to find out whether the changes introduced by Libeskind actually helped him achieve the intended goal. The participants of the survey were shown images of the Arsenal’s façade from before the transformation, after the transformation in the daytime and after the transformation, but at night, with the illumination turned on. The paper not only shows and analyzes differences in the way people perceive these three images, but also raises a question as to the potential of eye trackers as tools used in architectural research.

scholarly journals Notices of the Localities of the Sculptured Stone Monuments at St Bigeans, Inchbrayoch, Pitmuies, and Menmuir, in Angus, and of Fordoun in the Mearns. Part IV

1859 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 458-466
Author(s):  
Andrew Jervise
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
History Of

The author discusses the churches, local history, stone monuments and barrows of several locations in Angus. He also describes the historical monuments found in the area surrounding Fordoun in Aberdeenshire and pays particularly close attention to the local history of these sites.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Approach for Evaluating the Geochemical Degradation of Building Stone Related to Pollution Sources in the Historical Center of Naples (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Comite ◽  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽  
Sossio Fabio Graziano ◽  
Natalia Rovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Traffic Area ◽  
Material State ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Materials Used

Natural stones have represented one of the main building materials since ancient times. In recent decades, a worsening in degradation phenomena related mostly to environmental pollution was observed, threatening their conservation. The present work is focused on the minero-petrographic and geochemical characterization of black crust (BC) samples taken from the historical center of Naples, after selecting two pilot monumental areas. The latter were chosen based on their historical importance, type of material, state of preservation and position in the urban context (i.e., high vehicular traffic area, limited traffic area, industrial area, etc.). The building materials used and their interaction with environmental pollutions were studied comparing the results obtained by means of different analytical techniques such as polarized light Optical Microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion system (SEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and laser ablation coupled with inductive plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS).

Stone Monuments Consolidation with Nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Mariana Ion ◽  
Radu Claudiu Fierăscu ◽  
Irina Fierăscu ◽  
Ioana Raluca Bunghez ◽  
Mihaela Lucia Ion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Historical monuments suffer different forms of degradation, due to some improper works on architecture structure, vibrations caused by blasting, traffic, the inadequate restoration, the phenomenon of freeze-thaw, air pollution, humidity and temperature variations, friable mortar, deposits adhering impurities (dust, smoke, tar), soluble efflorescence, poorly soluble or insoluble salts (nitrate, sulfate, chloride, carbonate), and the action of microorganisms. Nowadays, the nanomaterials represent an alternative in architecture conservation, mainly due to their improved mechanical properties, their compatibility as consolidating materials, and because they obey the principle of authenticity of historical monuments. In this paper, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) are applied to the chalk samples prelevated from Basarabi monument. Some physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been evaluated and discussed for untreated chalk stone and for the treated one with HAp.

Londinium's Landward Wall: Material Acquisition, Supply and Construction

Britannia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Simon J. Barker ◽  
Kevin Hayward ◽  
Penny Coombe
Keyword(s):  
Building Stone ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Local Geology ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Architectural Energetics ◽  
Practical Implications

ABSTRACT The construction of a free-standing stone wall was a significant occasion in Londinium's history, remarkable for the quantity of masonry used and for the continuing additions to the defences over at least three identifiable phases. Since the local geology in the London Basin does not offer suitable building stone, Londinium's walls offer an exceptional example by which to examine the logistics of construction and the transportation of materials in the context of Romano-British building projects. We examine the sources of the materials used, their transport and the scale of labour and investment involved in the construction of the Landward Wall using an energetics-based methodology. Finally, we provide new insights into Londinium's Landward Wall and the socio-economic and practical implications of its construction. Supplementary material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X21000088) and comprises technical data related to the architectural energetics.

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