scholarly journals Sensitivitas Pemeriksaan CT-Scan pada pasien dengan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19)

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad F. H. Putra ◽  
Vonny N. Tubagus ◽  
Yohanna P. M. Mamesah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Abstract: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus that has become a health problem worldwide, including Indonesia. The SARS-CoV-2 was identified in the early 2020. For current diagnostic procedures, RT-PCR is considered as the gold standard in COVID-19 detection. However, there is another alternative method which is the chest CT-scan that can supports the diagnosis of COVID-19 faster. This study was aimed to determine the sensitivity of the CT scan in COVID-19 patients. This was a literature review study using three databases, as follows: Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were sensitivity AND CT scan AND COVID-19. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 literatures would be discussed. The results showed that the sensitivity of the CT scan among COVID-19 patients was quite good and had a sensitivity percentage ranging 70-90%. In comparison with the RT-PCR examination, the CT scan results are quite good. CT scan has a high sensitivity to COVID-19 and has a better result compared to the RT-PCR test.Keywords: sensitivity of test, CT scan, COVID-19 Abstrak: COVID-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 yang telah menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. SARS-CoV-2 baru teridentifikasi pada awal tahun 2020. Untuk prosedur diagnostik saat ini, RT-PCR dianggap sebagai standar baku emas dalam deteksi COVID-19. Namun terdapat metode lain yaitu pemeriksaan CT scan toraks yang merupakan tes alternatif cepat untuk dilakukan dan dapat membantu menegakkan diagnosis COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dari pemeriksaan CT scan pada COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu sensitivity AND CT scan AND COVID-19. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 10 literatur yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sensitivitas pemeriksaan CT scan pada COVID-19 cukup baik dan memiliki rentang persentase sensitivitas 70-90%. Pada perbandingan dengan pemeriksaan RT-PCR didapatkan hasil yang cukup baik untuk pemeriksaan CT scan. Pemeriksaan CT Scan memiliki nilai sensitivitas yang cukup tinggi pada COVID-19 dan lebih baik dibandingkan RT-PCR.Kata kunci: sensitivitas tes, CT scan toraks, COVID-19

Cancer surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The experience of a comprehensive cancer center performing preoperative screening by RT‐PCR and chest CT scan

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-822
Author(s):  
Joanne Guerlain ◽  
Fabienne Haroun ◽  
Alexandra Voicu ◽  
Charles Honoré ◽  
Franck Griscelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Preoperative Screening ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractNowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak caused by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19). The diagnostic protocol is based on quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chests CT scan, with uncertain accuracy. This meta-analysis study determines the diagnostic value of an initial chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with RT-PCR. Three main databases; PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for all published literature from January 1st, 2019, to the 21st May 2020 with the keywords "COVID19 virus", "2019 novel coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "X-Ray Computed Tomography", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase PCR", and "PCR Reverse Transcriptase". All relevant case-series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5. Among 1022 articles, 60 studies were eligible for totalizing 5744 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR were 87% (95% CI 85–90%), 46% (95% CI 29–63%), 69% (95% CI 56–72%), and 89% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively. It is important to rely on the repeated RT-PCR three times to give 99% accuracy, especially in negative samples. Regarding the overall diagnostic sensitivity of 87% for chest CT, the RT-PCR testing is essential and should be repeated to escape misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals The role of CT imaging for management of COVID-19 in epidemic area: early experience from a University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram rao Bollineni ◽  
Koenraad Hans Nieboer ◽  
Seema Döring ◽  
Nico Buls ◽  
Johan de Mey
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Chest Ct Scan ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Background To evaluate the clinical value of the chest CT scan compared to the reference standard real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in COVID-19 patients. Methods From March 29th to April 15th of 2020, a total of 240 patients with respiratory distress underwent both a low-dose chest CT scan and RT-PCR tests. The performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed with reference to the RT-PCR result. Two board-certified radiologists (mean 24 years of experience chest CT), blinded for the RT-PCR result, reviewed all scans and decided positive or negative chest CT findings by consensus. Results Out of 240 patients, 60% (144/240) had positive RT-PCR results and 89% (213/240) had a positive chest CT scans. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of chest CT in suggesting COVID-19 were 100% (95% CI: 97–100%, 144/240), 28% (95% CI: 19–38%, 27/240), 68% (95% CI: 65–70%) and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the chest CT suggesting COVID-19 was 71% (95% CI: 65–77%). Thirty-three patients with positive chest CT scan and negative RT-PCR test at baseline underwent repeat RT-PCR assay. In this subgroup, 21.2% (7/33) cases became RT-PCR positive. Conclusion Chest CT imaging has high sensitivity and high NPV for diagnosing COVID-19 and can be considered as an alternative primary screening tool for COVID-19 in epidemic areas. In addition, a negative RT-PCR test, but positive CT findings can still be suggestive of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Role of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Noncritically Ill Patients during the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Olivier Taton ◽  
Emmanuelle Papleux ◽  
Benjamin Bondue ◽  
Christiane Knoop ◽  
Sébastien Van Laethem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Background. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is currently not recommended in noncritically ill patients for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Indeed, the diagnosis is based on the RT-PCR test on a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and abnormal findings on the chest CT scan. However, the sensitivity of the NPS and the specificity of the chest CT scan are low. Results of BAL in case of negative NPS testing are underreported, especially in the subgroup of immunocompromised patients. Objectives. The added value of BAL in the management of unstable, but noncritically ill patients, suspected of having SARS-CoV-2 infection despite one previous negative NPS and the side effects of the procedure for the patients and the health-care providers, were assessed during the epidemic peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in Belgium. Methods. This multicentric study included all consecutive noncritically ill patients hospitalized with a clinical and radiological suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection but with a negative NPS. BAL was performed according to a predefined decisional algorithm based on their state of immunocompetence, the chest CT scan features, and their respiratory status. Results. Among the 55 patients included in the study, 14 patients were diagnosed with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, there was a relationship between the cycle threshold of the RT-PCR and the interval of time between the symptom onset and the BAL procedure ( Pearso n ’ s   correlation   coefficient = 0.8 , p = 0.0004 ). Therapeutic management was changed in 33 patients because another infectious agent was identified in 23 patients or because an alternative diagnosis was made in 10 patients. In immunocompromised patients, the impact of BAL was even more marked (change in therapy for 13/17 patients). No significant adverse event was noted for patients or health-care staff. All health-care workers remained negative for SARS-CoV-2 NPS and serology at the end of the study. Conclusions. In this real-life study, BAL can be performed safely in selected noncritically ill patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing significant clinical benefits that outweigh the risks.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Chest CT-Scan and First RT-PCR Testing for COVID-19 in Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Hamidi Farahani ◽  
Meysam Mosallaei ◽  
Ebrahim Hazrati ◽  
Naeim Ehtesham ◽  
Bahram Pakzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

The article's abstract is not available.  

scholarly journals The exact place of PCR and chest CT in screening, staging, and diagnosis of Covid-19: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Abstract Introduction: Nowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak causing by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (nCoV). There are two diagnostic protocol based on chest CT scan and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which their diagnostic accuracy is under the debate. We designed this meta-analysis study to determine the diagnostic value of initial chest CT scan in patients with nCoV infection in comparison with RT- PCR.Search strategy and statistical analysis: Three main databases the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE was systematically searched for all published literatures from January 1st, 2019, to the 27th march 2020 with key grouping of “COVID19 virus”, “2019 novel coronavirus”, “Wuhan coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “X-Ray Computed Tomography”, “Polymerase Chain Reaction”, “Reverse Transcriptase PCR”, and “PCR Reverse Transcriptase”. All relevant case- series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction was done in Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, CA) and their analysis was performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5.Result: From first recruited 668 articles we end up to the final 47 studies, which comprised a total sample size of 4238 patients. In compare to RT-PCR, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan were 86% (95% CI: 83% -90%), 43 % (95% CI: 26% -60%), 67% (95% CI: 57% -78%), and 84% (95% CI: 74% -95%) respectively. However the RT-PCR should be repeated for three times in order to give the 99% accuracy especially in negative samples.Conclusion: According to the acceptable sensitivity of chest CT scan, it can be employed complement to RT-PCR to diagnosis patients who are clinically suspicious for nCoV.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kafein terhadap Tekanan Intraokular

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Juanito ◽  
Wenny P. Supit ◽  
Laya M. Rares
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Review Study

Abstract: High intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the risk factors of glaucoma or worsening of its prognosis. There are a lot of external factors that can affect IOP inter alia exercise, as well as some food and drinks. One of the drinks that could affect IOP is coffee that contains caffeine. This study was aimed to evaluate whether caffeine had an effect on IOP. This was a literature review study using 4 data bases, as follows: Clinical Key, Pub-med, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The keywords were Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 literatures were selected. The results showed that some literatures reported an increase in IOP after caffeine consumption, the others reported a decrease in IOP, meanwhile some others did not find any change of IOP. In conclusion, the effect of caffeine on IOP was acute. People who had high intensity of caffeine consumption had a more significant increase in IOP after consuming caffeine.Keywords: caffeine, intraocular pressure (IOP)  Abstrak: Peningkatan tekanan intraokular (TIO) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko untuk terjadinya glaukoma atau memperburuk prognosis glaukoma. Terdapat banyak faktor eksternal yang dapat memengaruhi TIO, antara lain olahraga, minuman, dan makanan. Salah satu minuman yang dapat memengaruhi TIO ialah kopi yang mengandung kafein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh kafein pada tekanan intraokular. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan empat database yaitu Clinical key, PubMed, Google scholar, dan Science direct. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu Caffeine OR Coffee OR Tea AND IOP OR Intraocular Pressure. Seleksi data berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Hasil kajian mendapatkan bahwa beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya peningkatan TIO setelah konsumsi kafein, penelitian lain melaporkan penurunan TIO, dan terdapat pula penelitian yang tidak menemukan perubahan apapun. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pengaruh kafein pada TIO hanya berlangsung akut. Individu yang memiliki intensitas konsumsi kafein lebih tinggi menunjukkan peningkatan TIO yang lebih nyata setelah mengonsumsi kafein.Kata kunci: kafein, tekanan intraokular (TIO) 

scholarly journals Correlations of CT scan with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhu ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Rongshu Shi ◽  
Bangguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Chest Ct Scan ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To study the correlations of CT scan with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and D-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). Methods: From January to March 2020, COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups according to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial version 7), with mild and ordinary cases as Group-1 and critical and severe cases as Group-2. The chest CT scan results, hs-CRP, D-dimmer levels of the two groups from admission to discharge were compared by the c2 test or Fisher’s exact test. The quantitative data were represented as mean ± standard deviation (±s). Intergroup comparisons were performed by the independent samples t test, and the ineligible data were subjected to the nonparametric rank sum test. Binary logistic regression model was used for multivariate correlation analysis, using independent variables that were significant in univariate analysis. The correlations between the above indices were analyzed. Results: In Group-1, there were two cases of normal chest CT scan results, one case of fibrosis, and 25 cases of abnormalities during the first diagnosis, mainly manifested as single or scattered ground-glass shadows. After treatment, the CT scan results became normal. The chest CT scan of Group-2 showed abnormalities, including 21 cases of multiple ground-glass shadows, and six cases of multiple consolidations accompanied by ground-glass shadows, who were critically ill and died. In addition, there were 16 cases of multiple ground glass shadows with partial consolidation, and the CRP and D-dimer levels of Group-2 were significantly higher than those of Group-1. Chest CT scan results were significantly positively correlated with CRP and D-dimer levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The chest CT scan results of COVID-19 patients are characteristic, being correlated with CRP and D-dimer levels. D-dimer and CRP levels significantly increase in most severe and critical patients, which are closely related to their prognosis. The indices may play predictive roles in clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2961 How to cite this:Zhu J, Chen C, Shi R, Li B. Correlations of CT scan with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and D-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1397-1401. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2961 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pneumonia: Inter-Observer Agreement and Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest CT in Patients with Intermediate Clinical Probability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure BRUN ◽  
Alexia GENCE-BRENEY ◽  
Julie TRICHEREAU ◽  
Marie-Christine BALLESTER ◽  
Marc VASSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Probability ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Abstract Objectives To assess inter-reader agreements and diagnostic accuracy of chest CT to identify COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with intermediate clinical probability during an acute disease outbreak.Methods:From March 20 to April 8, consecutive patients with intermediate clinical probability of COVID-19 pneumonia underwent a chest CT scan. Two independent chest radiologists blinded to clinical information and RT-PCR results retrospectively reviewed and classified images on a 1-5 confidence level scale for COVID-19 pneumonia. Agreements between radiologists were assessed with kappa statistics. Diagnostic accuracy of chest CT compared to RT-PCR assay and patient outcomes was measured using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for COVID-19 pneumonia were calculated.Results: 319 patients with a mean age of 62.3 yo were included. Inter-observer agreement for highly probable (kappa: 0.83 [p < .001]) and highly probable or probable (kappa: 0.82 [p < .001]) diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was very good. RT-PCR tests performed in 307 patients were positive in 173 and negative in 134. Sixteen patients with negative RT-PCR tests and probable or highly probable CT patterns according to both radiologists were reclassified COVID-19 positive after clinical discussion. The areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.94 and 0.92 respectively. With a disease prevalence of 61.6%, PPV were 96.6 % and 94.4%, and NPV 84.3% and 78.2%.Conclusion :During acute COVID-19 outbreak, chest CT scan may be used for triage of patients with intermediate clinical probability with very good inter-observer agreements and diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pengobatan Topikal pada Pitiriasis Versikolor

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas V. Pusung ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Nurdjannah J. Niode
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Mycological Cure Rate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Review Study

Abstract: Pityriasis versicolor is a chronic mild superficial fungal infection of the skin due to lipophilic fungi Malassezia. It commonly affects the face, neck, abdomen, proximal extremities, axilla, groin, and genitalia. The occurrence of this disease is not influenced by sex, albeit, age influences its incidence since it is more common in adolescents and young adults.Therefore, an effective, safe, and affordable treatment should be considered. The first-line therapy for pity-riasis versicolor is topical treatment, classified into specific and non-specific antifungal agents. This study was aimed to determine the efficacy of topical treatment in pityriasis versicolor. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely PubMed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar and the keywords of "topical treatment AND pityriasis versicolor". The results obtained 10 literatures that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Theseliteratures discussed about the efficacy of topical treatment in patients with pityriasis versicolor based on clinical and mycological cure rate and the highest percentage was more than 80% in each study. In conclusion, topical treatment was effective for pityriasis versicolor.Keywords: topical treatment, pityriasis versicolor Abstrak: Pitiriasis versikolor adalah penyakit jamur superfisial ringan akibat infeksi kulit kronis oleh jamur lipofilik genus Malassezia. Infeksi ini biasanya ditemukan pada wajah, leher, perut, ektremitas proksimal, aksila, lipat paha, dan genitalia. Kejadian penyakit ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin, tetapi dapat dipengaruhi oleh usia, yaitu lebih banyak terjadi pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Pengobatan topikal merupakan terapi lini pertama untuk pitiriasis versikolor dan dibagi menjadi agen antijamur nonspesifik dan agen antijamur spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengobatan topikal pada pitiriasis versikolor. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu “topical treatment AND pityriasis versicolor”.Hasil seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Kasjian literatur penelitian menunjukkan efektivitas penggunaan pengobatan topikal pada pitiriasis versikolor berdasarkan penyembuhan klinis maupun penyembuhan mikologis dengan persentase tertinggi mencapai angka >80% pada masing-masing literatur. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pengobatan topikal pada pitiriasis versikolor terbukti efektif.Kata kunci: pengobatan topikal, pitiriasis versikolor

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