scholarly journals QUICK NON-DESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS OF CONDENSED LIGNIN BY FTIR. PART 2. PULP SAMPLES FROM ACID SULFITE COOKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
JUHA FISKARI ◽  
OLGA DERKACHEVA ◽  
TUOMAS KULOMAA
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Lignin Condensation ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Sulfite Pulp ◽  
Condensed Lignin

"In our previous work, we demonstrated how lignin condensation and precipitation taking place in kraft pulping can be detected and even quantified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Because lignin reactions in acid sulfite pulping are very different from those occurring during kraft cooking, a new analysis method is proposed to rapidly analyze the condensed lignin in acid sulfite pulp. This kind of analysis is useful for sulfite pulp mills to detect the elevated risk of black cook. This paper presents and discusses the novel method using FTIR spectroscopy to rapidly analyze lignin condensation in softwood pulp samples from acid sulfite processes. Several softwood pulp samples from acid sulfite pulping at varying levels of condensation were included in this research. According to the results, FTIR spectroscopy allows indirect quantification of lignin condensation in a difficult matrix of wood constituents, such as in incompletely delignified acid sulfite pulp."

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

Prehydrolysis kraft pulping of jute cutting and caddis mixture for rayon production

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANNATUN NAYEEM ◽  
M. SARWAR JAHAN ◽  
RAZIA SULTANA POPY ◽  
M. NASHIR UDDIN ◽  
M.A. QUAIYYUM
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Rayon Production ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Prehydrolysis Kraft

Jute cutting, jute caddis, and cutting-caddis mixtures were prehydrolyzed by varying time and temperature to get about 90% prehydrolyzed yield. At the conditions of 170°C for 60 min of prehydrolysis, the yield for 100% jute cutting was 76.3%, while the same for jute caddis was only 67.9%. But with prehydrolysis at 150°C for 60 min, the yield was 90% for jute cutting, where 49.94% of original pentosan was dissolved and prehydrolysis of jute caddis at 140°C in 60 min yielded 86.4% solid residue. Jute cutting-caddis mixed prehydrolysis was done at 140°C for 30 min and yielded 92% solid residue for 50:50 cutting-caddis mixtures, where pentosan dissolution was only 29%. Prehydrolyzed jute cutting, jute caddis, and cutting-caddis mixtures were subsequently kraft cooked. Pulp yield was only 40.9% for 100% jute cutting prehydrolyzed at 170°C for 60 min, which was 10.9% lower than the prehydrolysis at 140°C. For jute cutting-caddis mixed prehydrolysis at 140°C for 45 min followed by kraft cooking, pulp yield decreased by 3.3% from the 100% cutting to 50% caddis in the mixture, but 75% caddis in the mixture decreased pulp yield by 6.7%. The kappa number 50:50 cutting-caddis mixture was only 11.3. Pulp bleachability improved with increasing jute cutting proportion in the cutting-caddis mixture pulp.

scholarly journals REMAXINT: a two-mode clustering-based method for statistical inference on two-way interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Alberto Cassese ◽  
Gerard van Breukelen ◽  
Jan Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

AbstractWe present a novel method, REMAXINT, that captures the gist of two-way interaction in row by column (i.e., two-mode) data, with one observation per cell. REMAXINT is a probabilistic two-mode clustering model that yields two-mode partitions with maximal interaction between row and column clusters. For estimation of the parameters of REMAXINT, we maximize a conditional classification likelihood in which the random row (or column) main effects are conditioned out. For testing the null hypothesis of no interaction between row and column clusters, we propose a $$max-F$$ m a x - F test statistic and discuss its properties. We develop a Monte Carlo approach to obtain its sampling distribution under the null hypothesis. We evaluate the performance of the method through simulation studies. Specifically, for selected values of data size and (true) numbers of clusters, we obtain critical values of the $$max-F$$ m a x - F statistic, determine empirical Type I error rate of the proposed inferential procedure and study its power to reject the null hypothesis. Next, we show that the novel method is useful in a variety of applications by presenting two empirical case studies and end with some concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Interrogating the Egypto-Sudanic Arabic Connection

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Leddy-Cecere
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Verbal Inflection ◽  
Segmental Phonology ◽  
Language Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The Arabic dialectology literature repeatedly asserts the existence of a macro-level classificatory relationship binding the Arabic speech varieties of the combined Egypto-Sudanic area. This proposal, though oft-encountered, has not previously been formulated in reference to extensive linguistic criteria, but is instead framed primarily on the nonlinguistic premise of historical demographic and genealogical relationships joining the Arabic-speaking communities of the region. The present contribution provides a linguistically based evaluation of this proposed dialectal grouping, to assess whether the postulated dialectal unity is meaningfully borne out by available language data. Isoglosses from the domains of segmental phonology, phonological processes, pronominal morphology, verbal inflection, and syntax are analyzed across six dialects representing Arabic speech in the region. These are shown to offer minimal support for a unified Egypto-Sudanic dialect classification, but instead to indicate a significant north–south differentiation within the sample—a finding further qualified via application of the novel method of Historical Glottometry developed by François and Kalyan. The investigation concludes with reflection on the implications of these results on the understandings of the correspondence between linguistic and human genealogical relationships in the history of Arabic and in dialectological practice more broadly.

scholarly journals Suspended Sediment Modeling Using a Heuristic Regression Method Hybridized with Kmeans Clustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4648
Author(s):  
Rana Muhammad Adnan ◽  
Kulwinder Singh Parmar ◽  
Salim Heddam ◽  
Shamsuddin Shahid ◽  
Ozgur Kisi
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Adaptive Regression ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Model Training

The accurate estimation of suspended sediments (SSs) carries significance in determining the volume of dam storage, river carrying capacity, pollution susceptibility, soil erosion potential, aquatic ecological impacts, and the design and operation of hydraulic structures. The presented study proposes a new method for accurately estimating daily SSs using antecedent discharge and sediment information. The novel method is developed by hybridizing the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and the Kmeans clustering algorithm (MARS–KM). The proposed method’s efficacy is established by comparing its performance with the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system (ANFIS), MARS, and M5 tree (M5Tree) models in predicting SSs at two stations situated on the Yangtze River of China, according to the three assessment measurements, RMSE, MAE, and NSE. Two modeling scenarios are employed; data are divided into 50–50% for model training and testing in the first scenario, and the training and test data sets are swapped in the second scenario. In Guangyuan Station, the MARS–KM showed a performance improvement compared to ANFIS, MARS, and M5Tree methods in term of RMSE by 39%, 30%, and 18% in the first scenario and by 24%, 22%, and 8% in the second scenario, respectively, while the improvement in RMSE of ANFIS, MARS, and M5Tree was 34%, 26%, and 27% in the first scenario and 7%, 16%, and 6% in the second scenario, respectively, at Beibei Station. Additionally, the MARS–KM models provided much more satisfactory estimates using only discharge values as inputs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Varying Fluorination Patterns on the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Benzenesulfonamide Binding to Human Carbonic Anhydrase II

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Glöckner ◽  
Khang Ngo ◽  
Björn Wagner ◽  
Andreas Heine ◽  
Gerhard Klebe
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Human Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Kinetics Of

The fluorination of lead-like compounds is a common tool in medicinal chemistry to alter molecular properties in various ways and with different goals. We herein present a detailed study of the binding of fluorinated benzenesulfonamides to human Carbonic Anhydrase II by complementing macromolecular X-ray crystallographic observations with thermodynamic and kinetic data collected with the novel method of kinITC. Our findings comprise so far unknown alternative binding modes in the crystalline state for some of the investigated compounds as well as complex thermodynamic and kinetic structure-activity relationships. They suggest that fluorination of the benzenesulfonamide core is especially advantageous in one position with respect to the kinetic signatures of binding and that a higher degree of fluorination does not necessarily provide for a higher affinity or more favorable kinetic binding profiles. Lastly, we propose a relationship between the kinetics of binding and ligand acidity based on a small set of compounds with similar substitution patterns.

scholarly journals Delayed improvement local search

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heber F. Amaral ◽  
Sebastián Urrutia ◽  
Lars M. Hvattum
Keyword(s):  
Local Search ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Max Cut Problem ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Similar Solutions

AbstractLocal search is a fundamental tool in the development of heuristic algorithms. A neighborhood operator takes a current solution and returns a set of similar solutions, denoted as neighbors. In best improvement local search, the best of the neighboring solutions replaces the current solution in each iteration. On the other hand, in first improvement local search, the neighborhood is only explored until any improving solution is found, which then replaces the current solution. In this work we propose a new strategy for local search that attempts to avoid low-quality local optima by selecting in each iteration the improving neighbor that has the fewest possible attributes in common with local optima. To this end, it uses inequalities previously used as optimality cuts in the context of integer linear programming. The novel method, referred to as delayed improvement local search, is implemented and evaluated using the travelling salesman problem with the 2-opt neighborhood and the max-cut problem with the 1-flip neighborhood as test cases. Computational results show that the new strategy, while slower, obtains better local optima compared to the traditional local search strategies. The comparison is favourable to the new strategy in experiments with fixed computation time or with a fixed target.

The Design of Embedded Systems GUI Message Based on Mobile and Intelligent Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 460 ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Shu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Application Framework ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Interaction Interface ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Personal Assistant ◽  
Embedded Gui

Research and development of embedded systems is the hot information technology and the graphical user interface (GUI) is the most important part of human-computer interaction interface. These embedded GUI system has been widely used because of its strong and powerful functionality. But many times , it is necessary to sacrifice performance for its versatility. In this paper, the embedded GUI systems based on the message mechanism is study considering the short of current embedded GUI systems. The novel method of a message-driven application framework is suggested to solve the problem of the current message mechanisms for the implementation. Meanwhile, a circular queue algorithm is given in order to achieve messaging unit. Then, the message has been classified considering of efficiency. In the end, the design example of personal assistant is given.

Fate of phosphorus in the recovery cycle of the kraft pulping process

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
MARYAM SADEGH MOUSAVI ◽  
NIKOLAI DEMARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Green Liquor ◽  
Green Liquor Dregs ◽  
Kraft Pulp Mills ◽  
Negative Effect

The accumulation of nonprocess elements in the recovery cycle is a common problem for kraft pulp mills trying to reduce their water closure or to utilize biofuels in their lime kiln. Nonprocess elements such as magne-sium (Mg), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and phosphorus (P) enter the recovery cycle via wood, make-up chemicals, lime rock, biofuels, and process water. The main purge point for these elements is green liquor dregs and lime mud. If not purged, these elements can cause operational problems for the mill. Phosphorus reacts with calcium oxide (CaO) in the lime during slaking; as a result, part of the lime is unavailable for slaking reactions. The first part of this project, through laboratory work, identified rhenanite (NaCa(PO4)) as the form of P in the lime cycle and showed the negative effect of P on the availability of the lime. The second part of this project involved field studies and performing a mass balance for P at a Canadian kraft pulp mill.

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