scholarly journals FIBER CLASSIFICATION, PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED PAPER

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 689-696
Author(s):  
UFUK YILMAZ ◽  
AHMET TUTUŞ ◽  
SİNAN SÖNMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
International Association ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Paper Fibers

"In this study, reference papers prepared in accordance with the INGEDE 11p standard (International Association of the Deinking Industry) were recycled three times. Initially, reference papers were subjected to wetting, pulping, storage, deinking, dispersing and bleaching processes. At the end of these processes, test papers were produced and their optical characteristics were examined. The brightness value of writing papers (of 80 grams) was determined to be of 86%, following the TS 11610:2017 standard. In order to bring the brightness of the produced laboratory test papers to the specified value, double-stage bleaching was applied: with 0.4% FAS in the first stage and H2O2 in the second stage. The physical and optical properties of the test papers that reached the standard brightness value were determined. Overall, the final products were recycled three times. At the end of the third recycling stage, changes in paper fibers were examined. As a result, it was observed that the breaking, tear and burst resistance of the obtained papers gradually decreased at the end of each recycling stage. In addition, because of the narrowing fiber surface, it was determined that the opacity value of the paper decreased at the end of each recycling stage. According to the fiber classification results, the fiber size shrank at the end of the third recycling stage and a large part of the fibers remained in the 200 mesh. Paper fibers are recycled 3.6 times in Europe. This rate is approximately 2.4 times higher than the world average. This study offers interesting results regarding cellulose recycling, which has gained great importance in recent years. "

Discrimination and Delegation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamis Elmy Abdelaaty
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Successive Step ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
State Responses

What explains state responses to the refugees they receive? This book identifies two puzzling patterns: states open their borders to some refugee groups while blocking others (discrimination), and a number of countries have given the United Nations (UN) control of asylum procedures and refugee camps on their territory (delegation). To explain this selective exercise of sovereignty, the book develops a two-part theoretical framework in which policymakers in refugee-receiving countries weigh international and domestic concerns. Internationally, leaders use refugees to reassure allies and exert pressure on rivals. Domestically, policymakers have incentives to favor those refugee groups with whom they share an ethnic identity. When these international and domestic incentives conflict, shifting responsibility to the UN allows policymakers to placate both refugee-sending countries and domestic constituencies. The book then carries out a “three-stage, multi-level” research design in which each successive step corroborates and elaborates the findings of the preceding stage. The first stage involves statistical analysis of asylum admissions worldwide. The second stage presents two country case studies: Egypt (a country that is broadly representative of most refugee recipients) and Turkey (an outlier that has limited the geographic application of the Refugee Convention). The third stage zooms in on sub- or within-country dynamics in Kenya (home to one of the largest refugee populations in the world) through content analysis of parliamentary proceedings. Studying state responses to refugees is instructive because it can help explain why states sometimes assert, and at other times cede, their sovereignty in the face of refugee rights.

scholarly journals Effect of Earthworm on Lettuce Production through the Recycling of Organic and Bio-Compost Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sara Jasim Mohammed ◽  
Jamal Salih Alkobaisy ◽  
Jasim Mohammed Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Lettuce Plant ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Stages

Lettuce is one of the most abundant leafy vegetables and is consumed in its raw form by humans, all over the world. This study is conducted in one of the fields in the district of Al-Garmah City, Iraq, to investigate the effects of several fertilizers (Animal, Chemical, and Compost fertilizer). The crop of lettuce harvested from Aug 2017 to Mar 2018, was used in this study. The experiment is carried out in two stages. The first stage includes the multiplication of the earthworm and the production of the worm (vermicompost). The second stage includes the cultivation of lettuce in three replicates with ten coefficients and additions of animal fertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer (N, P, and K). The results show that the highest productivity is shown in the lettuce plant in vermicompost second with level recommendation half of the fertilizing, and second-ranked vermicompost and chemical. Only the second level and the third place in the recommendation vermicompost 1/2 second with level waste sheep 1/2 second level. The result showed the percentages of the treatment (T5), (T8), (T3), (T9), (T7), (T2), (T1). It is concluded that the production of vermicomposts in a specialized farm which is environmentally-friendly and hygienic, results in more healthy crops for the consumer, which should be given into consideration. More research in this area is needed to fully understand the ecology of different earthworm species, their interactions and their potential roles in promoting the more sustainable farming system.

scholarly journals Uluslararası Ziyaretçilerin Gastronomi Davranışları ve Beklentileri: Aydın İli Örneği

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 68-93
Author(s):  
Emrah Köksal Sezgin ◽  
Abdullah Tanrısevdi
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
World Association ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The World ◽  
International Visitors

This research includes findings and interpretations aiming to determine theoretical information on gastronomy tourism and international visitors’ gastronomy behaviors and expectations in terms of Aydın province model. The problem sentence of the research in which Aydın province’s gastronomic properties are aimed to be determined and the fulfillment level of the international visitors’ gastronomy behaviors and expectations are aimed to be measured accordingly has been determined as: “what is the fulfillment level of the international visitors’ gastronomy preferences and expectations within the scope of Aydın province gastronomic properties?”. Along with this general problem sentence, other sub-problems have been tried to be replied as well. The first stage of the research was completed with a questionnaire applied to tourists staying in Kuşadası in order to determine the preferences and expectations of the tourists who visited the region. At the second stage of the research, a semi-structured interview form was applied to the participants in order to determine Aydın province’s gastronomic properties from a qualitative point of view. At the third stage of the research, international food festival attendants were requested to make an assessment on the menu which reflects the gastronomic properties of Aydın province through the assessment form of the World Association of Chefs' Societies with the intention of assessment of the determined gastronomic properties of the province.

scholarly journals Conference Review of Psychology of Language Learning 3, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan (June 7-10, 2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Greg Rouault ◽  
Colin Skeates
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
International Association ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Career Researcher ◽  
Poster Presentations ◽  
Conference Review

This article reports on the third Psychology of Language Learning (PLL3) conference which was held at Waseda University in Tokyo June 7-10, 2018. This edition of the biennial event marked the launch of the International Association for the Psychology of Language Learning (IAPLL) as the host following its formation in 2016. The stated aims of IAPLL are to foster research, hold conferences, issue publications, cooperate with related organizations and carry on other activities for those interested in the study of the psychology of language learning throughout the world. In addition to invited plenary speakers, the call for papers sourced symposia, poster presentations, and papers under the theme “Stretching Boundaries.” Two work-in-progress sessions were held as well as an early-career researcher showcase. This paper looks broadly at the conference contents, its specific events, and the overall experience for the attendees.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

Overcoming “The Third Way” Concept

2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

Epidemias y Religión

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-81
Author(s):  
Bruno Van der Maat
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Reflections

The current pandemic has seen some adverse reactions from the most diverse religious groups all over the world to government regulations. After having described some of their manifestations, this contribution analyzes what the Bible and some post biblical (patristic and Talmudic) traditions say about illness and pandemics. As it is ascertained that these sources contain very limited material on these subjects, the third part of this article proposes some ethical reflections regarding the official response to the pandemic as well as some pastoral implications. Key Words: Pandemic, Religion, Bible, Talmud, Pastoral Care.

Interpretation of Nonsense as a Method of Children Imagination Development (as exemplified in Carroll L. «Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Powerful Incentive ◽  
Algorithmic Thinking

The article enlightens the probem of nonsense and its role in the development of creative thinking and fantasy, and the way how the interpretation of nonsense affects children imagination. The function of imagination inherent to a person, and especially to a child, has a powerful potential – to create artificially new metaphorical models, absurd and most incredible situations based on self-amazement. Children are able to measure the properties of unfamiliar objects with the properties of known things. It is not difficult for small researchers to replace incomprehensible meanings with familiar ones; to think over situations, to make analogies, to transfer signs and properties of one object to another. The problem of nonsense research is interesting and relevant. The element of the game is an integral component of nonsense. In the process of playing, children cognize the world, learn to interact with the world, imitating the adults behavior. Imagination and fantasy help the child to invent his own rules of the game, to choose language elements that best suit his ideas. The child uses the learned productive models of the language system to create their own models and their own language, attracting language signs: words, morphs, sentences. Children’s dictionary stimulates word formation and language nomination processes. Nonsense-words are the result of children’s dictionary, speech errors and occazional formations, presented in the form of contamination, phonetic transformations, lexical substitution, implemented on certain models. The first two models are phonetic imitation and hybrid speech, based on the natural language model. The third model of designing nonsense is represented by words that have no meaning at all and can be attributed to words-portmonaie. Due to the flexibility of interframe relationships and the lack of algorithmic thinking, children can not only capture the implicit similarity of objects and phenomena, but also create it through their imagination. Interpretation of nonsense is an effective method of developing imagination in children, because metaphors, nonsense as a means of creating new meanings, modeling new content from fragments of one’s own experience, are a powerful incentive for creative thinking.

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