scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF NITROGEN FIXATION SYMBIOSIS AND PEAS PRODUCTIVITY UNDER THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSES OF FERTILIZERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
L. V. Tsentylo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Sowing Seed

The efficiency of different types and doses of fertilizers and pre-sowing bacterization of pea seeds (Starter variety) on the formation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen fixation system, crop productivity and protein content in grain was studied in long-term field experiment on the typical black soil for five years. It was shown that fertilizer doses not exceeding N60P60K60 were the most appropriate to use in the cultivation technology of pea. The use of manure, compost and organic-mineral fertilizer in crop rotation had positively affected the productivity of peas. Pre-sowing seed bacterization was proved to be an important agricultural practice as its application increases crop productivity and improves product quality.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF NITROGEN FIXATION IN LUCERNE AGROCENOSES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CULTURE UNDER INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
L. V. Tsentilo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Microbial Preparation

In a long field experiment on common black soil, the influence of various fertilization systems and presowing bacterization of seeds on the activity of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in lucerne agrocenoses and crop productivity was studied. Stimulation of the process of fixation of atmospheric nitrogen was observed when mineral fertilizers were used in the doses not exceeding N60P60K60, when they were introduced in the year of sowing. High rates of nitrogenase activity were noted in conditions of aftereffect of manure, compost, organic mineral fertilizer (manure + N30P30K30), as well as systematic use of crop residues in the crop rotation. The plant mass in above variants was characterized by high protein content. At the same time, the greatest influence on protein synthesis was provided by the use of a microbial preparation. The combination of ecologically acceptable agricultural backgrounds with presowing bacterization of lucerne seeds ensured the obtaining of parameters of crop productivity.

scholarly journals WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY ON DRAINED SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS OF VOLYNS POLISSYA DEPENDING ON APPLYING FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
M. V. Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer System

Relevance of the research. Winter wheat is considered to be a leading cereal crop. One of the area of stabilizing this crop production is to intensify its cultivation on the drained soils of Polissya. Due to the changes in external factors (global and regional climate change, soils, etc.) and technology, the question of modeling the process of crop productivity formation remains relevant. Objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of climate change (increase of average air temperature) on the winter wheat yield on the drained lands of Western Polissya when applying different fertilizer systems. Research methodology. The research was conducted in a stationary long-term field experiment of the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS. The following fertilizer systems were investigated: control (without fertilizers); organic fertilizer – green manure crop; mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + lime; organic-mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + green manure crop + lime. In the course of the study, a systematic analysis of long-term results of field experiments and meteorological observations using mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used. Research results. The coefficient of yield variation over the years of research on a variant without fertilizers reached 27%, against 19% for the organic-mineral fertilizer system. Applying the fertilizers helped to reduce the variability of winter wheat yield by 19 - 23%. Correlation analysis of winter wheat yields in view of the average air temperature of the early spring period (from the second decade of February to the first decade of April) was 0.85. Low air temperatures in this period indicate the late dates of the beginning of spring crop vegetation, which negatively affected wheat productivity. Relatively high temperatures contribute to earlier spring processes and, accordingly, positively affected the yield formation. The correlation coefficient of the average air temperature and wheat yield in the spring-summer period (second decade of April - the second decade of July) was - 0.71. Conclusions. The highest efficiency on sod-podzoliс drained soils is provided by applying organic-mineral fertilizer system. The average wheat grain yield when applying this fertilizer system was 5,7 ton per hectare (+ 38% over control). The application of balanced fertilizer systems reduces the amplitude of grain yield fluctuations from 27% to 19%. The temperature regime in the period from the 2nd decade of February – till the 1t decade of April has a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat grains. Having the average temperatures over 5оC, yields increased by 1-1,5 ton per hectare, and on the contrary, rise of average temperatures in the spring-summer period more than 16оC significantly reduced this index. The established mathematical dependences enabled to estimate the projected winter wheat yield by the analysis of the temperature regime over the years. The conducted research and established features make it possible to calculate the projected winter wheat yields by the temperature regime of the period from the end of February till the beginning of April. The study of the interrelation between the crop productivity and the combined action of temperature and water regime is supposed to be the next stage of the research.

scholarly journals Replacing Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer with Different Types of Organic Materials Improves Grain Yield in China: A Meta-Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Xiaoru Fan ◽  
Zekai Chen ◽  
Zihan Niu ◽  
Ruiyao Zeng ◽  
Jingmin Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer substitution (NSS) with different types of organic material is a cleaner agricultural practice for reducing the application of synthetic N input in farmlands while also relieving the environmental issues caused by the discharge of organic wastes. However, the effects of the NSS practice on crop yields, being the primary objective of agricultural activity, is still uncertain in China. This study conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of the NSS practices with different types of organic materials on crop yields. Results showed that the average crop yield was increased by 3.4%, with significant differences under NSS, thereby demonstrating that this practice contributed to improving crop yields, especially of rice and maize. According to published reports, the NSS practices involving chicken manure, pig manure, and crop straw increased crop yields by 4.79, 7.68, and 3.28%, respectively, with significant differences, thus demonstrating the superior effects needed for replacing synthetic N fertilizer. Moreover, substitution ratios (SR) between 0% and 60% could be suggested when using the NSS practice, with the high SR recommended when the original soil fertility was adequate for crops. Considering the long-term effects of applied organic materials, improving the grain yield with the NSS practice should be expected in the long-term. By effectively applying the NSS, this study attempted to scientifically decide on the type of organic materials and the appropriate SR based on the conditions of the soil and the crop. The results provide research information for the development of clean agricultural production and food security in China.

scholarly journals The role of highly silicious rocks in increasing productivity and obtaining ecologically-safe agricultural products

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00137
Author(s):  
Alevtina Kulikova ◽  
Andrei Kozlov ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov ◽  
Evgeny Yashin ◽  
Natalya Khairtdinova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Siliceous Rocks ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The paper presents results of long-term research on effectiveness of application of highly-siliceous rocks (diatomite and zeolite) in crop cultivation technology in the conditions of leached black soil of the Middle Volga region. Crop yields and content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni) in products are given in two variants: control and variant with introduction of the highly-siliceous rocks into the soil. It has been established that diatomite from Inza deposit and zeolite from Yushanskiy deposit of Ulyanovsk region are highly effective non-traditional fertilizers due to a complex positive effect on the "soil-plant" system. Thus, the yield increase of sugar beet roots amounted to 6.4 t/ha (+23 %) when diatomite was introduced into the soil at the dose of 5 t/ha, barley – 0.93 t/ha (+52 %), spring wheat – 0, 67 t/ha (+42 %). Highly-siliceous rocks with a highly developed specific surface area, possessing unique physicochemical properties, contribute to production of ecologically safe products. At the same time, the intake of heavy metals in agricultural products for some crops and metals decreased by more than 2 times.

scholarly journals Fertilizers influence on yield and yield quality of sunflower variety Spartak bred in Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
O.M. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
S.A. Erofeev ◽  
S.V. Vetrova ◽  
M.R. Makarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Research Institute

In 2014–2019, we studied impact of various doses, methods and dates of applying of macro- and microfertilizers on seed and oil yields, oil content of sunflower variety Spartak bred in the Tambov Research Institute of Agriculture. The research was conducted in the Tambov region on typical black soils in 6-field crop rotation. We studied action of a liquid mineral fertilizer Megamix applied for beforesowing treatment of seeds and for foliar fertilizing of sunflower plants of the variety Spartak under application of N30P30K30 and N60P60K60. The scheme of a trial included variants with seeds treatment with the liquid mineral fertilizer Megamix and foliar fertilizing of sunflower plants in various phases of vegetative period, both separately and in complex with mineral fertilizers. For the first rotation (2014–2019), the highest seed and oil yields were obtained in variant five: N30P30K30 + seed treatment with Megamix (2.0 l per t), – 2.78 and 1.42 t per ha, respectively. The most effective method of microfertilizers application appeared to be before-sowing seed treatment. Variant five (N30P30K30 + seed treatment with Megamix (2.0 l per t) increased oil yield relative to control by 0.21 t per ha, and relative to variant two (only N30P30K30) – by 0.09 t per ha. The rest variants in the trial slightly exceeded control (variant one) both in seed and oil yields. We analyzed a role of traditional mineral fertilizers and liquid mineral fertilizer Megamix at cultivation of sunflower variety Spartak on typical black soil in the conditions of the Tambov region.

scholarly journals Influence of ecological and agrochemical factors on the level of soybean yield

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer systems in a long-term stationary 5-course soy-grain crop rotation depending on agro-ecological factors. The goal of research is to study the effect of long-term application of mineral (annually N42 P48 kg of active ingredient / ha of crop rotation area) and organic-mineral (annually N24 P30 kg of active ingredient + 4.8 t of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area) fertilizer system on the productivity of soybean in crop rotation. The objects of research were mid-ripening and early-ripening soybean varieties, preceding crops - annual grasses (soy-oat mixture) and spring wheat. The preceding crops, variety and hydrothermal conditions under which soybean was grown from 1963 to 2017 were considered as agro-ecological factors. It was established that the highest yield of soybean was obtained when placing soybean crops after wheat, while by the number of years, the yield level of 1,8 – 2,0 t/ha was repeated 16 % more often than when growing soybean after annual grasses. The maximum increase in yield relative to the control (0, 17 t/ha) was formed by the long-term use of organic-mineral fertilizer system for soybean cultivated after wheat. In cold wet years, the use of organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured plant resistance to unfavorable weather conditions, stimulating an increase in the soybean yield relative to the control by 0,18 t/ha. The most responsive to fertilizer application were the mid-ripening soybean varieties: the increase in grain yield amounted to 0,03 – 0,20 t/ha relative to the control, and the realization of potential yield of the variety increased by 2–7 %.

scholarly journals Fluorescence Characteristics of Humic Acid in Chinese Black Soil under Long-Term Fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dan Wei ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Shan-shan Cai ◽  
Liang Jin ◽  
Yu-mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
Parallel Factor ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Humic substances are important indicators of soil fertility. The fluorescence properties of humic acids from black soils in Harbin, northeast China, were investigated, after long-term fertilization using treatments with or without mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure. Excitation and emission matrices combined with parallel factor analysis were used to investigate the structure of the humic acid. Principal component analysis was performed to select the most suitable parameters for the description of humic acid. The dimension reduction for the original fluorescence parameters extracted two principal components. By using the two principal component scores as a new index for clustering, it was concluded that long-term fertilization treatments in black soil in Harbin clustered into three groups of manure + NPK and organic manure treatments, NPK treatment, and soil without any fertilization. Manure + NPK fertilization and manure fertilization alone led to a higher degree of humification than NPK only or the control. We conclude that long-term fertilization with organic matter with or without NPK could increase the humification degree of these soils.

scholarly journals Development of liquid rhizobial inoculants and pre-inoculation of alfalfa seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Buntic ◽  
Olivera Stajkovic-Srbinovic ◽  
Magdalena Knezevic ◽  
Djordje Kuzmanovic ◽  
Natasa Rasulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Medium Formulation ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Application of liquid microbial inoculants on legume seeds is a sustainable agricultural practice that can improve plant nutrient uptake and increase crop productivity. Inoculants should provide long-term survival of rhizobia in the final product and after application, to legume seeds. Ten different medium formulations of microbial inoculants were examined (yeast mannitol broth with the addition of agar, sodium-alginate, calcium chloride, glycerol or ferric chloride and combinations thereof) for the survival of the efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobium, Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti L3Si strain. The most suitable liquid inoculant for survival of L3Si during a storage time of 150 days was the medium formulation containing glycerol in combination with agar or sodium-alginate. Alfalfa seeds were pre-inoculated with four formulations (yeast mannitol broth (YMB), YMB with agar (1 g L-1), YMB with 1 or 5 g L-1 sodium-alginate) for up to three months. Seeds pre-inoculated and stored for one month produced successful alfalfa plants. The nitrogen content in alfalfa obtained from pre-inoculated seeds one month before sowing was adequate and ranged from 3.72-4.19%. Using S. meliloti-based liquid inoculants for alfalfa and application of the pre-inoculation technique can increase the quality of alfalfa crops and reduce cultivation cost.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

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