scholarly journals Influence of ecological and agrochemical factors on the level of soybean yield

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of mineral and organic-mineral fertilizer systems in a long-term stationary 5-course soy-grain crop rotation depending on agro-ecological factors. The goal of research is to study the effect of long-term application of mineral (annually N42 P48 kg of active ingredient / ha of crop rotation area) and organic-mineral (annually N24 P30 kg of active ingredient + 4.8 t of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area) fertilizer system on the productivity of soybean in crop rotation. The objects of research were mid-ripening and early-ripening soybean varieties, preceding crops - annual grasses (soy-oat mixture) and spring wheat. The preceding crops, variety and hydrothermal conditions under which soybean was grown from 1963 to 2017 were considered as agro-ecological factors. It was established that the highest yield of soybean was obtained when placing soybean crops after wheat, while by the number of years, the yield level of 1,8 – 2,0 t/ha was repeated 16 % more often than when growing soybean after annual grasses. The maximum increase in yield relative to the control (0, 17 t/ha) was formed by the long-term use of organic-mineral fertilizer system for soybean cultivated after wheat. In cold wet years, the use of organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured plant resistance to unfavorable weather conditions, stimulating an increase in the soybean yield relative to the control by 0,18 t/ha. The most responsive to fertilizer application were the mid-ripening soybean varieties: the increase in grain yield amounted to 0,03 – 0,20 t/ha relative to the control, and the realization of potential yield of the variety increased by 2–7 %.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF CORN PRODUCTIVITY IN CROP ROTATION DEPENDING ON LONG-TERM FERTILIZATION AND LIMING

2021 ◽  
Vol 358 (57) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Oleh STASIV ◽  
◽  
Yuriy OLIFIR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the main source of feed and food resources. The importance of this culture in the world economy continues to grow. In Ukraine corn is an export-oriented crop of universal purpose and high potential. Based on the results of research in the ninth rotation of long-term stationary experiment, it was found that in the Western Forest-Steppe in four-field crop rotation on Albic Stagnic Luvisol the highest productivity of corn 73 t . ha–1 is formed by organo-mineral fertilizing system with systematic joint application of 10 t . ha–1 manure, N65Р68К68 on the background of periodic liming with 1.0 n CaCO3 by hydrolytic acidity. It is shown that long-term unilateral application of mineral fertilizer system (more than 50 years) on acidic soil along with the accumulation of nitrogen compounds increases the acidity and content of mobile aluminum compounds, leads to blocking the activity of enzyme systems, reducing absorption and transformation of nutrients and in consequence the formation of low-yield corn at the level of control without fertilizers.

scholarly journals WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY ON DRAINED SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS OF VOLYNS POLISSYA DEPENDING ON APPLYING FERTILIZER SYSTEMS AND TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
M. V. Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer System

Relevance of the research. Winter wheat is considered to be a leading cereal crop. One of the area of stabilizing this crop production is to intensify its cultivation on the drained soils of Polissya. Due to the changes in external factors (global and regional climate change, soils, etc.) and technology, the question of modeling the process of crop productivity formation remains relevant. Objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of climate change (increase of average air temperature) on the winter wheat yield on the drained lands of Western Polissya when applying different fertilizer systems. Research methodology. The research was conducted in a stationary long-term field experiment of the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS. The following fertilizer systems were investigated: control (without fertilizers); organic fertilizer – green manure crop; mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + lime; organic-mineral fertilizer - N60P60K60 + green manure crop + lime. In the course of the study, a systematic analysis of long-term results of field experiments and meteorological observations using mathematical and statistical methods, correlation and regression analysis were used. Research results. The coefficient of yield variation over the years of research on a variant without fertilizers reached 27%, against 19% for the organic-mineral fertilizer system. Applying the fertilizers helped to reduce the variability of winter wheat yield by 19 - 23%. Correlation analysis of winter wheat yields in view of the average air temperature of the early spring period (from the second decade of February to the first decade of April) was 0.85. Low air temperatures in this period indicate the late dates of the beginning of spring crop vegetation, which negatively affected wheat productivity. Relatively high temperatures contribute to earlier spring processes and, accordingly, positively affected the yield formation. The correlation coefficient of the average air temperature and wheat yield in the spring-summer period (second decade of April - the second decade of July) was - 0.71. Conclusions. The highest efficiency on sod-podzoliс drained soils is provided by applying organic-mineral fertilizer system. The average wheat grain yield when applying this fertilizer system was 5,7 ton per hectare (+ 38% over control). The application of balanced fertilizer systems reduces the amplitude of grain yield fluctuations from 27% to 19%. The temperature regime in the period from the 2nd decade of February – till the 1t decade of April has a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat grains. Having the average temperatures over 5оC, yields increased by 1-1,5 ton per hectare, and on the contrary, rise of average temperatures in the spring-summer period more than 16оC significantly reduced this index. The established mathematical dependences enabled to estimate the projected winter wheat yield by the analysis of the temperature regime over the years. The conducted research and established features make it possible to calculate the projected winter wheat yields by the temperature regime of the period from the end of February till the beginning of April. The study of the interrelation between the crop productivity and the combined action of temperature and water regime is supposed to be the next stage of the research.

scholarly journals WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZER SYSTEMS IN SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
L. М. Skachok ◽  
N. I. Horbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Nutrient Reserves

Objective. To evaluate the influence of different fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations on the change of nutritional regime of sod-podzolic soil and the yield of crops of short-term crop rotation in the Polissia region. Methods. Fields — stationary experiment, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. On the basis of studies conducted in a long-term stationary experiment on sod-podzolic soil, analysis and determination of dependence between the content of available compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on fertilizer systems and microbial preparations was performed. It was found that the highest nutrient reserves in the soil were in the organo-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” in combination with microbial preparations: the content of mineral compounds of nitrogen — 82.32 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 223 mg/kg of soil, and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg, which is 1.8, 1.4 and 1.6 times higher than the parameter of the mineral fertilizer system, respectively. At the same time, due to the inoculation of seeds nitrogen reserves in the soil can increase up to 26 %. The application of the fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” provides an optimal level of root nutrition of crops of short-term crop rotation and, as a consequence, the highest productivity of crops, which amounted to: winter rye — 5.2 FU (fodder units), potatoes — 7.7 FU, oats — 3.3, lupine — 3.8 FU on background without inoculation and 5.7, 8.3, 3.9 and 4.4 FU, respectively, when microbial preparations were applied. The increase due to inoculation with this fertilizer system amounted to 0.5 fodder units (FU) for winter rye, 0.5 FU for potatoes, and 0.6 FU for oats, and 0.6 FU for lupine. Conclusion. The nutrient regime of sod-podzolic soil depends on the use of various fertilizer systems in combination with microbial preparations. Organic-mineral fertilizer system “manure + green manure + NPK” under the use of microbial preparations is most effective for growing crops on sod-podzolic soil in short-term crop rotation. This combined fertilizer system contributes to the greatest accumulation of nutrient reserves: nitrogen mineral compounds — 82.3 kg/ha, available phosphorus — 220 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium — 122 mg/kg.

FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

scholarly journals Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00144
Author(s):  
V. G. Kutilkin ◽  
S.N. Zudilin ◽  
S. N. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Fertilizer System

Through the period of 1977–2018, studies were conducted on three experimental fields of the Samara State Agricultural Academy with the purpose of studying the influence of the basic elements of the farming system on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat. Experimental schemes included the following options: the type of fallow in the crop rotation (black, seeded and green-manured), fertilizer systems (organic-mineral recommended, organic-mineral intensive and organic) and various methods and depths of soil tillage of fallow lands. Observations and surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plots was ordinary chernozem and typical medium-thick loamy chernozem (humus content was from 6.0 to 8.3 %, mobile phosphorus was from 90 to 155 mg/kg, exchange potassium was from 129 to 190 mg/kg, pHsalt was from 6.3 to 6.8). Replacing black fallow with seeded or green-manured fallow increased the weediness of crops 1.4–1.6 times and reduces the yield of winter wheat by 0.29–1.03 t/ha. Organic fertilizer systems significantly changed the weed species compositions and contributed to an increase in the number of perennials by a factor of 3.0, and their masses by a factor of 1.3–1.4 in comparison with organic-mineral fertilizer system. Organic-mineral fertilizer systems did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The organic fertilizer system led to a slight (0.26–0.31 t/ha) grain shortage compared with organic-mineral. The methods and depths of soil tillage did not have a practically significant effect on the weediness and yield of winter wheat.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONING OF NITROGEN FIXATION SYMBIOSIS AND PEAS PRODUCTIVITY UNDER THE APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSES OF FERTILIZERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
L. V. Tsentylo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Sowing Seed

The efficiency of different types and doses of fertilizers and pre-sowing bacterization of pea seeds (Starter variety) on the formation and functioning of symbiotic nitrogen fixation system, crop productivity and protein content in grain was studied in long-term field experiment on the typical black soil for five years. It was shown that fertilizer doses not exceeding N60P60K60 were the most appropriate to use in the cultivation technology of pea. The use of manure, compost and organic-mineral fertilizer in crop rotation had positively affected the productivity of peas. Pre-sowing seed bacterization was proved to be an important agricultural practice as its application increases crop productivity and improves product quality.

scholarly journals CHANGE IN THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON MINIMIZING THE BASIC SOIL TILLAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Mars Ilyasov ◽  
Irina Suhanova ◽  
Liliya Bikkinina ◽  
Valentin Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer System

The possibility of minimizing the main tillage in crop rotation, the use of a fertilizer system in order to develop methods for increasing productivity and improving agrophysical characteristics on leached chernozem of the Republic of Tatarstan is investigated. The stationary field experience in crop rotation was laid in 2016 on a busy pair (vetch-oat mix), where various systems of primary tillage were studied: annual dump plowing - control option; dump plowing, planar loosening, longline plowing, chisel loosening - in subsequent years by surface peeling. The data obtained in field experiments indicate that, using various primary tillage and fertilizer systems, agrophysical properties can be regulated, and conditions can be created for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility of leached chernozem. The organic and mineral fertilizer system contributed to an increase in the moisture content in the meter soil layer by 2.1-16.1 mm compared to the mineral fertilizer system. Studies have shown that the introduction of manure at a rate of 60 tons per hectare before rotation of the crop rotation in 2016 contributed to a decrease in bulk density in the 0-40 cm layer compared to the LSG to 0.04 g/cm3. The water permeability of the soil depended on the depth and system of tillage, its moisture content and the crop grown. The use of a tiered soil cultivation system contributed to an increase in wheat yields for both fertilizer backgrounds by 0.8 tons per hectare (OMSU) and 0.7 tons per hectare (MSU), respectively, in comparison with the control variant. Calculations showed that the use of longline plowing in combination with small-scale processing using the organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured a reduction in the cost of main products compared to traditional waste processing to 12%, a net income growth from 1 ha to 15% and a profitability level to 22% .

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS WITH PHYTOMASS ANNUAL HERBS WHEN USING VARIOUS FERTILIZER SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
A. Ilinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Fertilizer System

Under the conditions of a lysimetric experiment on podzolic chernozem, it was found that the use of dolomite flour contributed to a decrease in the mobility of metals and their translocation into crop products, which was reflected in a decrease in their removal relative to the background. The use of mineral fertilizers by increasing the yield of phytomass contributed to an increase in the removal of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium from the soil. The largest total removal of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium with the phytomass of annual grasses (8,035 mg/m2) is observed when using a mineral fertilizer system, and the smallest removal of the indicated metals is observed when using lime without manure (5,092 mg/m2).

scholarly journals Influence of long-term fertilization on yield and quality of spring triticale grain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
Vitalii Liubych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
National University ◽  
Fertilizer System

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a promising cereal crop that has a number of economically valuable properties that are absent in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The research was conducted at Uman National University of Horticulture (Ukraine) in a long-term stationary experiment, founded in 1964. The aim of the work was to study the influence of long-term application of different fertilizer systems (mineral, organic and organo-mineral) on the yield and grain quality of spring triticale. It has been established that in the conditions of high air temperature and soil moisture deficit, mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems have an advantage. In sufficient wet conditions, all studied fertilizer systems are highly efficient. Spring triticale (Kharkiv Hlibodar variety) has a high reaction to fertilizers, as grain yield increases from 6.3–6.6 to 9.0–9.5 t ha-1 (р≤0.05). Mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems have the greatest effect on protein content. In conditions of sufficient moisture, all levels of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems significantly increase the protein content in spring triticale grain. In arid conditions, saturation of crop rotation area with N90P90K90 (M2), N135P135K135 (M3) and Manure 9 t +N46P68K36 (OM2), Manure 13.5 t + N69P102K54 (OM3) is preferred. It should be noted that spring triticale is quite reactive with fertilizers, as the protein content increases from 13.2–14.0 to 15.2–16.0% (р≤0.05) depending on the fertilizer system. The high influence of fertilizer system and year factors on yield and protein content in triticale grain has been established. It should be noted that spring triticale grain yield varies most from the weather conditions of the growing season.

Increases in wheat yield on limed soil after reduction of take-all by fungicide application and crop rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
HD Brooke ◽  
JF Kollmorgen ◽  
DJ Ballinger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Limed Soil ◽  
Take All

The severity of take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, was measured with lime, rotation and flutriafol treatments in a long-term field experiment. The incidence of eyespot lesions caused by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides was also measured. Flutriafol reduced the number of plants with deadheads or no heads and resulted in 12-60% more grain yield. However flutriafol had no effect on the number of plants with eyespot lesions. The number of plants with deadheads or no heads was highest (50-53%) on the wheat which was a third consecutive crop and on soil which had been amended with 2.5 and 5.0 t/ha lime. Sowing wheat after a subterranean clover based pasture considerably reduced the number of deadheads. Control of annual grasses in the pasture by spray-topping further reduced deadheads and with this treatment and at nil and low lime there were 2-7% deadheads. The percentage of plants with eyespot lesions was higher with the continuous cropped wheat. Lime increased grain yield only where the disease incidence was low but had no effect on the percentage of eyespot lesions. This work demonstrates the importance of crop rotation for disease control, particularly where soils are limed to amend severe soil acidity; the value of controlling annual grasses in pasture in the year preceding wheat cropping; and the potential of fungicide treatment as a practical means for controlling take-all in field grown wheat.

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