scholarly journals SCREENING OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES BY RESPONSE TO BACTERIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Lohosha O. V. ◽  
Vorobei Yu. O. ◽  
Usmanova Т. О. ◽  
Bushulian О. V.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Active Synthesis ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Objective. To screen modern varieties of chickpeas of Ukrainian selection by the response to bacterization, to identify varieties characterized by high increases in symbiotic activity and yield. Methods. Biotesting, gas-chromatographic, field experiment, statistical. Results. The response to bacterization of chickpea seeds of different varieties was studied in a field experiment in the southern region of Ukraine (Region of Odesa). As a result of inoculation of chickpea seeds with a bacterial suspension of an effective strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, a significant increase in nodulation activity was registered. The highest increase in the number of nodules (51.6 % and 53 %) was reported for the varieties Odysei and Triumf. Upon seed inoculation with the studied strain, a significant increase in the weight of nodules of the Triumf variety (2.3 times) was shown. In the control variants, the nitrogenase activity in the nodules of Skarb variety plants was the highest (425 nmol C2H4/plant per hour), and in the Budzhak variety it was the lowest (159 nmol C2H4/plant per hour). Inoculation of seeds with bacterial suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 contributed to a significant increase in the studied parameter in the varieties Budzhak, Pamiat, Odysei and Triumf. The latter was characterized by the most significant response to inoculation with an effective strain in terms of nodulation and nitrogenase activity. Symbiotic parameters showed the weakest ability to respond to inoculation in terms of symbiotic parameters in Skarb variety. Pamiat variety was characterised by the maximum number of seeds per plant (18.5 units/plant). However, as a result of inoculation of chickpea seeds with M. ciceri ND-64, the number of seeds increased the most in the variety Skarb and amounted to 28.7 units/plant. In terms of seed weight, the Triumph variety was superior (9.5 g/plant). The yield of all studied varieties of chickpeas after bacterization of seeds with M. ciceri ND-64 significantly exceeded the control variants (without inoculation) by 21–56 %. The highest increase in control was observed for the varieties Triumph (0.49 t/ha) and Skarb (0.56 t/ha). The ability of nodule bacteria M. ciceri ND-64 to intensive synthesis of phytohormones and the formation of highly effective symbiosis with chickpea plants of different varieties provided a complementary interaction of rhizobia with plants and a significant increase in crop yield. Conclusion: Due to the interaction with aboriginal nodule bacteria, the highest parameters of nodulation and nitrogenase activity were typical for the varieties Triumf and Skarb, yields for Triumf and Budzhak. Screening of varieties by the response to inoculation with an effective strain of M. ciceri ND-64 indicates an increase in symbiotic activity in varieties Triumf, Budzhak (large-seeded), Pamiat (medium-seeded). The maximum increase in yield as a result of inoculation was found in chickpea varieties Skarb and Triumf. M. ciceri ND-64 are capable of active synthesis of substances of phytohormonal nature, which contributes to the effective interaction between rhizobia and chickpea plants.

scholarly journals MESORHIZOBIUM CICERІ ND-64 STRAIN — EFFECTIVE MICROSYMBIONT OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
V. P. Sydorenko ◽  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
S. B. Dimova ◽  
K. I. Volkohon ◽  
N. L. Lutsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nodule Bacteria

Objective. Study the competitiveness, complementarity and symbiotic activity of a new strain of chickpea nodule bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, study the influence of seed inoculation on the productivity and yield of chickpea varieties of Ukrainian selection under their cultivation in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Serological, gas chromatography, field experiment and statistical. Results. The use of a new strain of M. ciceri ND-64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Admiral, Odysei, Budzhak, Triumf and Pamiat upon growing in field experiments in the Steppe zone against the background of the local population of nodule bacteria contributes to a significant increase in nitrogen-fixing nodules by 5 % to 67 %, an increase in the mass of nodules by 10 % to 67 % and nitrogenase activity 26 % to 150 % compared with the positive control (inoculation with the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12). The use of M. ciceri ND- 64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds under cultivation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine also had a positive effect on increasing the yield of chickpea — by 4 % to 18 % compared to the positive control. Inoculation with a new strain of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Triumf and Pamiat contributed to the formation of higher number of nodules (by 57 % to 89 %), increaseed mass of nodules (2.2–2.9 times) and their nitrogenase activity (2–4 times) compared with the positive control upon cultivation in the Polissia zone on the fields where there is no population of chickpea rhizobia. Under these conditions, an increase in structural parameters of yield, the highest gain in chickpea yield, increase in photosynthetic activity and protein content in grain upon inoculation with M. ciceri ND-64 was shown. Obtaining a specific antisera by immunization of rabbits allowed to detect serological relatedness of M. ciceri ND-64, M. ciceri H-101, Mesorhizobium sp. ND-601 and M. ciceri ND-64, isolated from chickpea nodules of Skarb and Pamiat varieties. The competitiveness of M. ciceri ND-64 was determined using the immunological method in the field experiment. It was found that 100 % of nodules have been formed by the representatives of M. ciceri ND-64 in the variant where this serological group was applied for inoculation in the variant with inoculation of the strain M. ciceri ND-64 100 % of the nodules were formed by representatives of this serogroup. Conclusion. M. ciceri ND-64 strain is an effective microsymbiont of chickpea plants, due to its virulence, competitiveness, nitrogen-fixing properties. According to the results of field experiments, it was shown that the new strain, complementary to all studied varieties differing in seed size and shape, type of bush and average height, forms an effective symbiosis for growing chickpea plants both against the active local population of rhizobia and upon the absence of M. cicerі population in the soil. Symbiotic parameters upon seed treatment with suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 exceed these values in the variants with inoculation using the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12 and strains isolated from the nodules of each study variety. Therefore, M. ciceri ND-64 can be used as a bioagent of a microbial preparation for inoculation of chickpea of different varieties in order to form an effective bean-rhizobial symbiosis, increase the productivity of this culture and improve seed quality.

scholarly journals MESORHIZOBIUM CICERІ ND-64 STRAIN — EFFECTIVE MICROSYMBIONT OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
О. V. Lohosha ◽  
Yu. O. Vorobei ◽  
I. V. Volkova ◽  
T. O. Usmanova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nodule Bacteria

Objective. Study the competitiveness, complementarity and symbiotic activity of a new strain of chickpea nodule bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, study the influence of seed inoculation on the productivity and yield of chickpea varieties of Ukrainian selection under their cultivation in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Serological, gas chromatography, field experiment and statistical. Results. The use of a new strain of M. ciceri ND-64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Admiral, Odysei, Budzhak, Triumf and Pamiat upon growing in field experiments in the Steppe zone against the background of the local population of nodule bacteria contributes to a significant increase in nitrogen-fixing nodules by 5 % to 67 %, an increase in the mass of nodules by 10 % to 67 % and nitrogenase activity 26 % to 150 % compared with the positive control (inoculation with the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12). The use of M. ciceri ND- 64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds under cultivation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine also had a positive effect on increasing the yield of chickpea — by 4 % to 18 % compared to the positive control. Inoculation with a new strain of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Triumf and Pamiat contributed to the formation of higher number of nodules (by 57 % to 89 %), increaseed mass of nodules (2.2–2.9 times) and their nitrogenase activity (2–4 times) compared with the positive control upon cultivation in the Polissia zone on the fields where there is no population of chickpea rhizobia. Under these conditions, an increase in structural parameters of yield, the highest gain in chickpea yield, increase in photosynthetic activity and protein content in grain upon inoculation with M. ciceri ND-64 was shown. Obtaining a specific antisera by immunization of rabbits allowed to detect serological relatedness of M. ciceri ND-64, M. ciceri H-101, Mesorhizobium sp. ND-601 and M. ciceri ND-64, isolated from chickpea nodules of Skarb and Pamiat varieties. The competitiveness of M. ciceri ND-64 was determined using the immunological method in the field experiment. It was found that 100 % of nodules have been formed by the representatives of M. ciceri ND-64 in the variant where this serological group was applied for inoculation in the variant with inoculation of the strain M. ciceri ND-64 100 % of the nodules were formed by representatives of this serogroup. Conclusion. M. ciceri ND-64 strain is an effective microsymbiont of chickpea plants, due to its virulence, competitiveness, nitrogen-fixing properties. According to the results of field experiments, it was shown that the new strain, complementary to all studied varieties differing in seed size and shape, type of bush and average height, forms an effective symbiosis for growing chickpea plants both against the active local population of rhizobia and upon the absence of M. cicerі population in the soil. Symbiotic parameters upon seed treatment with suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 exceed these values in the variants with inoculation using the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12 and strains isolated from the nodules of each study variety. Therefore, M. ciceri ND-64 can be used as a bioagent of a microbial preparation for inoculation of chickpea of different varieties in order to form an effective bean-rhizobial symbiosis, increase the productivity of this culture and improve seed quality.

The influence of herbicides on the indicators of the structure of the seeds of soybean in the conditions of the central regions of the Non-black earth zone.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Khramoy ◽  
◽  
Т. D. Sikharulidze
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Number Of Seeds

In a field experiment, it was established that of the three herbicides we studied in soybean crops, Dual Gold is the most effective. Its use increases, in comparison with the control, the number of beans per plant by 2.2 times, the number of seeds by 2.4 times, and the mass of seeds by 2.9 times. The least efficient is Fabian. In terms of most indicators of the yield structure, it is reliably inferior to Dual Gold. Zenkor is slightly inferior in efficiency to Dual Gold. The differences between them are not reliable. High efficiency (at the level of Dual Gold) was shown by the combined use of Zenkor and Fabian herbicides in doses reduced by 20%.

High-temperature-adaptedAzospirillum brasilensestrains: growth and interaction response on associative nitrogen fixation, mineral uptake and yield of cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Associative Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

SummaryHigh-temperature-adapted strains RAU 1, RAU 2 and RAU 3 ofAzospirillum brasilenseC 7 were isolated from stepwise transfer to higher temperature (30 to 42 °C). One of the strains (RAU 1) showed more growth, greater nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities at 30 and 42 °C than parental and other temperature-adapted strains. This strain also showed growth and more nitrogenase activity from pH 6·5 to 8·0. Strain RAU 1 showed cross-resistance to penicillin (300/µg/ml) but not to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin and polymixin B at 30 and 42 °C. It was demonstrated in field plots in calcareous soil that seed inoculation with RAU 1 enhanced mineral uptake of cheena. Inoculation with RAU 1 led to a significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots, grain and straw yield of cheena compared with the uninoculated control with or without applied N, but the effect of seed inoculation with high-temperature-adapted strains was variable with different genotypes of cheena.

Cultivation practices improving seed productivity of tetraploid red clover

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Новосёлов ◽  
Л. Дробышева ◽  
О. Старшинова ◽  
Э. Рекашус ◽  
А. Одноворова
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Clover Seed

В статье изложены результаты исследований влияния инокуляции клубеньковыми бактериями и внекорневых обработок бором и минеральным азотом на семенную продуктивность клевера лугового сорта Марс. Цель работы определить оптимальные варианты внекорневой обработки растений бором и минеральным азотом, в том числе в сочетании с инокуляцией клубеньковыми бактериями, обеспечивающие максимальную семенную продуктивность клевера лугового сорта Марс. Установлено, что внекорневые подкормки минеральным азотом и бором в фазу начала цветения, а также инокуляция эффективным штаммом клубеньковых бактерий повышали его семенную продуктивность. Обработка растений бором повысила урожайность семян на 8,2. Совместное применение бора и инокуляции увеличило эффективность приёма до 20,0 к инокулированному и до 34,4 к неинокулированному контролю. Внекорневое опрыскивание аммиачной селитрой в чистом виде было эффективно в дозах 2,5 и 3,0 кг/га: прибавка к контролю составила соответственно 11,8 и 16,7. Комплексное применение бора и минерального азота наибольшую прибавку урожая семян дало в варианте B N3,0, которая составила 36,6. Инокуляция комплементарным штаммом Rh. trifolii увеличила урожайность семян клевера на 12,0. Обработка растений бором и аммиачной селитрой в различных концентрациях на фоне инокуляции была эффективной во всех вариантах (12,331,4 к инокулированному и 25,847,1 к неинокулированному контролю). Рекомендуется для повышения семенной продуктивности тетраплоидных сортов типа Марс проводить внекорневое опрыскивание растений в фазу начала цветения бором в дозе 0,4 кг/га в комплексе с аммиачной селитрой из расчёта 3,0 кг/га действующего вещества или инокулировать семена перед посевом комплементарными штаммами с последующей внекорневой подкормкой бором (0,4 кг/га) совместно с минеральным азотом (3,0 кг/га). This paper reports on red clover seed productivity affected by the inoculation with nodule bacteria and topdressing with B and mineral N. The aim was to determine optimal treatment rates and combinations leading to the highest seed productivity of clover Mars. Topdressing with B and N at flowering time combined with bacterium inoculation increased its yield capacity. B application improved seed yield by 8.2. B treatment together with inoculation improved clover performance by up to 20.0 and 34.4 compared to the inoculated and non-inoculated controls, respectively. Application rates of 2.5 and 3.0 kg ha-1 showed the best effect when topdressing by pure ammonium nitrate: yield increase amounted to 11.8 and 16.7, respectively. Variant B N3.0 provided the highest yield increase of 36.6. Seed inoculation with Rh. trifolii increased seed productivity by 12.0. Topdressing with different concentrations of B and ammonium nitrate was effective in all the variants on the background of bacterium inoculation (12.331.4 and 25.847.1 compared to inoculated and non-inoculated controls, respectively). Spraying with B (0.4 kg ha-1) and ammonium nitrate (3.0 kg ha-1) with or without seed inoculation by nodule bacteria are recommended to improve tetraploid clover performance.

Nitrogen assimilation and dissimilation in five genotypes of Brachiaria spp.

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Antonio A. Pereira ◽  
Johanna Döbereiner ◽  
Carlos A. Neyra
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Intact Soil ◽  
Nr Activity ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Nitrate Fertilization

Five genotypes of Brachiaria spp. were planted in a field experiment with and without nitrate fertilization. Nitrogen metabolism was evaluated by measurements of nitrate reductase (NR) activity in leaves, nitrate accumulation in stems, and nitrogenase activity and dentrification in intact soil–plant cores. There were differences between genotypes in all parameters and a tendency was observed for genotypes with high NR activity and nitrate accumulation to have low nitrogenase activity and vice versa. Brachiaria radicans (Tanner grass) was representative for the first type and B. ruziziensis (CPI 30623) for the second. Denitrification reached 7% of the applied N within 63 h and was lowest in Tanner grass and highest in B. brizantha (FL 902-4). Brachiaria ruziziensis (CPI 30623) plants were able to withstand N stress better than B. radicans as a consequence, possibly, of differences in nitrogenase activity.

Competition between effective and ineffective strains of Rhizobium trifolii in the nodulation of Trifolium subterraneum

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Tube Culture

The competitive ability of effective and ineffective strains of Rhizobium trifolii to form nodules on two cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum was examined under bacteriologically controlled conditions in tube culture. Seedlings were inoculated with mixtures of known numbers each of effective and of ineffective strains and the strains forming the nodules subsequently determined. In all instances, the effective strains formed a much greater proportion of nodules than would be expected from the relative numbers of each strain in the inoculum. Moreover, a reduction in the numbers of an effective strain relative to the numbers of an ineffective strain failed to result in a corresponding increase in the proportion of nodules formed by an ineffective strain. Instead, the ratio of ineffective to effective strains had to be of the order of 108/104 or wider (c. 10,000/1) before there was a substantial reduction in the number of nodules formed by the effective strains. Even when this ratio was of the order of 108/102, the effective strains still produced some of the nodules. A parallel study of the rates of nodulation of seedlings inoculated with mixtures of strains showed that these rates were characteristic of the proportions of nodules being formed by each strain. Subsequently seedlings were inoculated with mixtures of effective and ineffective strains, and after 66, 90, and 114 hr the roots were surface-sterilized and their contents isolated and identified. Independently of the mixture of strains used, most of the bacterial cells were identified as the effective strains. Because the strains of effective and ineffective bacteria used produce nodules freely when inoculated separately onto these hosts, it is postulated that the hosts distinguished between effective and ineffective strains, and that this recognition is related to compatibility in association with the host. The significance of the results in relation to studies of the root-nodule bacteria is discussed.

Ineffectiveness of viomycin-resistant mutants of Rhizobium meliloti

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Hendry ◽  
D. C. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
One Step ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Mutants

Under clearly defined conditions one-step acquisition of viomycin resistance by a normally effective strain of Rhizobium meliloti resulted in one-step acquisition of ineffectiveness in nitrogen fixation, which probably occurred with a one-gene change in the R. meliloti genome. Two-step mutants retained their ability to produce root nodules but such nodules also were ineffective. Increased sensitivity of the viomycin-resistant mutants to glycine and D-alanine was not noted. Bacteroids were not seen in nodules formed by the viomycin-resistant mutants on their homologous host plant. Nitrogenase activity was not detected, by acetylene reduction, in detached ineffective nodules, whereas effective nodules formed 10.6 μmoles of ethylene per hour per gram of nodules. Growth of the effective parent strain in a low concentration of viomycin resulted in elongation and swelling of the cells so that they appeared as artificially produced bacteroids. Viomycin-resistant mutants did not undergo this transformation. Antigens could be readily extracted by hot- and cold-saline extraction of wet packed cells of both resistant and sensitive cultures but antigenic differences, which may have indicated cell wall differences, were not noted.

scholarly journals СREATION OF EFFECTIVE ASSOCIATIONS “SPRING WHEAT-DIASOTROPHS OF GENUS AZOSPIRILLUM”

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Y.O. Vorobey ◽  
O.V. Nadkernichna ◽  
O.A. Shahovnina ◽  
M.A. Ushakova ◽  
O.Y. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Active Strain ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Reliable Increase

The spring wheat variety Varyag whith high potential nitrogenase activity and the greater contents of chlorophyll in leaves and the active strain of the bacteria Azospirillum sp. 77, selected from the washed roots of the spring wheat variety Varyag, were used for creation of effective association “wheat – diasotrophs of genus Azospirillum”. Inoculation of wheat variety Varyag seeds with the bacterial suspension Azospirillum sp. 77 promoted the reliable increase of nitrogenase activity on roots of plants (by 46 %), content of chlorophyll in leaves (by 18 %) and structural parameters of wheat crop (weight of grain from 1 ear and weight of 1000 grains were increased as a result of inoculation by 16,5 and 16 % accordingly).

The root-nodule bacteria as factors in clover establishment in the red basaltic soils of the Lismore district, NSW. I. A survey of "Native" strains.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
New South ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Basaltic Soils ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Medicago Species

Tests of 84 cultures of root-nodule bacteria isolated from four species of clover growing in the Lismore district of New South Wales (three soil types, 18 localities) showed them to be generally effective in association with white and red clovers, but almost always parasitic on subterranean and crimson clovers. Successful seed inoculation with beneficial strains of rhizobia is, therefore, essential to the introduction of subterranean and crimson clovers in these soils. Field observations have also demonstrated the need to inoculate seed of Medicago species, cowpea, and vetch.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document