MESORHIZOBIUM CICERІ ND-64 STRAIN — EFFECTIVE MICROSYMBIONT OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES

Objective. Study the competitiveness, complementarity and symbiotic activity of a new strain of chickpea nodule bacteria Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, study the influence of seed inoculation on the productivity and yield of chickpea varieties of Ukrainian selection under their cultivation in different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Methods. Serological, gas chromatography, field experiment and statistical. Results. The use of a new strain of M. ciceri ND-64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Admiral, Odysei, Budzhak, Triumf and Pamiat upon growing in field experiments in the Steppe zone against the background of the local population of nodule bacteria contributes to a significant increase in nitrogen-fixing nodules by 5 % to 67 %, an increase in the mass of nodules by 10 % to 67 % and nitrogenase activity 26 % to 150 % compared with the positive control (inoculation with the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12). The use of M. ciceri ND- 64 for pre-sowing bacterization of chickpea seeds under cultivation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine also had a positive effect on increasing the yield of chickpea — by 4 % to 18 % compared to the positive control. Inoculation with a new strain of chickpea seeds of varieties Skarb, Triumf and Pamiat contributed to the formation of higher number of nodules (by 57 % to 89 %), increaseed mass of nodules (2.2–2.9 times) and their nitrogenase activity (2–4 times) compared with the positive control upon cultivation in the Polissia zone on the fields where there is no population of chickpea rhizobia. Under these conditions, an increase in structural parameters of yield, the highest gain in chickpea yield, increase in photosynthetic activity and protein content in grain upon inoculation with M. ciceri ND-64 was shown. Obtaining a specific antisera by immunization of rabbits allowed to detect serological relatedness of M. ciceri ND-64, M. ciceri H-101, Mesorhizobium sp. ND-601 and M. ciceri ND-64, isolated from chickpea nodules of Skarb and Pamiat varieties. The competitiveness of M. ciceri ND-64 was determined using the immunological method in the field experiment. It was found that 100 % of nodules have been formed by the representatives of M. ciceri ND-64 in the variant where this serological group was applied for inoculation in the variant with inoculation of the strain M. ciceri ND-64 100 % of the nodules were formed by representatives of this serogroup. Conclusion. M. ciceri ND-64 strain is an effective microsymbiont of chickpea plants, due to its virulence, competitiveness, nitrogen-fixing properties. According to the results of field experiments, it was shown that the new strain, complementary to all studied varieties differing in seed size and shape, type of bush and average height, forms an effective symbiosis for growing chickpea plants both against the active local population of rhizobia and upon the absence of M. cicerі population in the soil. Symbiotic parameters upon seed treatment with suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 exceed these values in the variants with inoculation using the reference strain of M. ciceri H-12 and strains isolated from the nodules of each study variety. Therefore, M. ciceri ND-64 can be used as a bioagent of a microbial preparation for inoculation of chickpea of different varieties in order to form an effective bean-rhizobial symbiosis, increase the productivity of this culture and improve seed quality.

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MESORHIZOBIUM CICERІ ND-64 STRAIN — EFFECTIVE MICROSYMBIONT OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES

Agriciltural microbiology ◽

10.35868/1997-3004.32.3-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 3-17

Author(s):

О. V. Lohosha ◽

Yu. O. Vorobei ◽

I. V. Volkova ◽

T. O. Usmanova

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Local Population ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Average Height ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Nodule Bacteria

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The Effect of a Biopreparation on Legume (Pisum Sativum)

Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.11134/btp.2.2020.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V.V. Martynenko ◽

A.B. Rysbek ◽

A.A. Kurmanbayev ◽

Zh.A. Baigonusova

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Growing Season ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Nodule Bacteria ◽

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽

Biological Preparation ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Positive Effect

A field experiment of a biological preparation based on the association of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was carried out. The composition includes active and compatible strains of nitrogen-fixing and nodule bacteria. As a result, the biological preparation had a positive effect on germination, length and vegetative mass of peas. The results of research indicate the perspective of the industrially valuable strains of this association. Optimal conditions for the work of the biological preparation are light mechanical composition of the soil and the provision of moisture during the growing season of plants. This preparation may be recommended for use in the Northern regions of Kazakhstan.

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SCREENING OF MODERN CHICKPEA VARIETIES BY RESPONSE TO BACTERIZATION

Agriciltural microbiology ◽

10.35868/1997-3004.33.44-54 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 44-54

Author(s):

Lohosha O. V. ◽

Vorobei Yu. O. ◽

Usmanova Т. О. ◽

Bushulian О. V.

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Effective Interaction ◽

Effective Strain ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Nodule Bacteria ◽

Active Synthesis ◽

Maximum Increase ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Number Of Seeds

Objective. To screen modern varieties of chickpeas of Ukrainian selection by the response to bacterization, to identify varieties characterized by high increases in symbiotic activity and yield. Methods. Biotesting, gas-chromatographic, field experiment, statistical. Results. The response to bacterization of chickpea seeds of different varieties was studied in a field experiment in the southern region of Ukraine (Region of Odesa). As a result of inoculation of chickpea seeds with a bacterial suspension of an effective strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri ND-64, a significant increase in nodulation activity was registered. The highest increase in the number of nodules (51.6 % and 53 %) was reported for the varieties Odysei and Triumf. Upon seed inoculation with the studied strain, a significant increase in the weight of nodules of the Triumf variety (2.3 times) was shown. In the control variants, the nitrogenase activity in the nodules of Skarb variety plants was the highest (425 nmol C2H4/plant per hour), and in the Budzhak variety it was the lowest (159 nmol C2H4/plant per hour). Inoculation of seeds with bacterial suspension of M. ciceri ND-64 contributed to a significant increase in the studied parameter in the varieties Budzhak, Pamiat, Odysei and Triumf. The latter was characterized by the most significant response to inoculation with an effective strain in terms of nodulation and nitrogenase activity. Symbiotic parameters showed the weakest ability to respond to inoculation in terms of symbiotic parameters in Skarb variety. Pamiat variety was characterised by the maximum number of seeds per plant (18.5 units/plant). However, as a result of inoculation of chickpea seeds with M. ciceri ND-64, the number of seeds increased the most in the variety Skarb and amounted to 28.7 units/plant. In terms of seed weight, the Triumph variety was superior (9.5 g/plant). The yield of all studied varieties of chickpeas after bacterization of seeds with M. ciceri ND-64 significantly exceeded the control variants (without inoculation) by 21–56 %. The highest increase in control was observed for the varieties Triumph (0.49 t/ha) and Skarb (0.56 t/ha). The ability of nodule bacteria M. ciceri ND-64 to intensive synthesis of phytohormones and the formation of highly effective symbiosis with chickpea plants of different varieties provided a complementary interaction of rhizobia with plants and a significant increase in crop yield. Conclusion: Due to the interaction with aboriginal nodule bacteria, the highest parameters of nodulation and nitrogenase activity were typical for the varieties Triumf and Skarb, yields for Triumf and Budzhak. Screening of varieties by the response to inoculation with an effective strain of M. ciceri ND-64 indicates an increase in symbiotic activity in varieties Triumf, Budzhak (large-seeded), Pamiat (medium-seeded). The maximum increase in yield as a result of inoculation was found in chickpea varieties Skarb and Triumf. M. ciceri ND-64 are capable of active synthesis of substances of phytohormonal nature, which contributes to the effective interaction between rhizobia and chickpea plants.

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Space and Time Variations in Turbulence during the Manhattan Midtown 2005 Field Experiment

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/2009jamc2046.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 2295-2304 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. R. Hanna ◽

Y. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Vertical Mixing ◽

Tall Buildings ◽

Average Height ◽

Street Level ◽

Space And Time ◽

Time Variations ◽

Standard Deviations ◽

Madison Square Garden

Abstract The Manhattan Midtown-2005 field experiment (MID05) collected turbulence observations at 12 street-level sites (at 3-m height) and at 5 rooftop sites (at 220-m average height). The MID05 observations of 30-min averaged standard deviations of wind speed components and temperature and of sensible heat and momentum flux are found to be consistent with the authors’ previously reported averaged observations in similar tall-building surroundings in the Oklahoma City Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) and Manhattan Madison Square Garden 2005 (MSG05) field experiments. The main focus of this paper, though, is on the magnitudes of the space and time variations of the 30-min averaged turbulence values. Wind tunnel experiments and computational fluid dynamics model outputs would suggest large variations, but the full-scale urban observations show that the standard deviations of the space and time variations are usually less than 50% of the averages. Some individual observations are tabulated and the minimum and maximum listed, showing a typical range at street level for, say, συ of about ±10%–20% in time and about ±40% in space. It is suggested that the reason for the observed lack of large variations in turbulence is the large amount of mixing generated by (i) the 20°–40° meanders in wind direction over the 30-min periods, which cause a “flopping” of building wakes, and (ii) the strong vertical mixing around the tall buildings.

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Characterization of Azospirilla isolated from seeds and roots of turf grass

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m88-040 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 212-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Subramaniam Sundaram ◽

Alahari Arunakumari ◽

Robert V. Klucas

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽

Reference Strain ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Dna Homology ◽

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽

Physiological Characterization ◽

Azospirillum Amazonense

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized seeds and roots of turf grasses growing in Nebraska. The percentage of successful isolations from surface-sterilized seeds ranged from 0 to 100 depending upon the source of the seeds. Based upon morphological and physiological characterization, some of the root and seed isolates appeared to be Azospirillum spp. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies on four selected isolates indicated that two root and one seed isolates were related to Azospirillum brasilense SP-7 with 70% or greater DNA homology, and one seed isolate was related to reference strain Azospirillum amazonense Y1 with 100% DNA homology. After repeated culturing on semisolid malate medium, some of the isolates lost their capacity to fix nitrogen. However, when certain non-nitrogen-fixing isolates were used as inoculants on turf grasses grown from surface-sterilized seeds which possessed no detectable indigenous nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogenase activity as measured by acetylene reduction was detected.

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Artificial activation of nif gene expression in nodule bacteria Ex Planta

Ecological genetics ◽

10.17816/ecogen17235-42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Andrey K. Baymiev ◽

Roman S. Gumenko ◽

Anastasiya A. Vladimirova ◽

Ekaterina S. Akimova ◽

Zilya R. Vershinina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Inducible Promoter ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Nodule Bacteria ◽

Free Living ◽

Living State ◽

Artificial Activation ◽

Nifa Gene

Background. Rhizobia are the most effective nitrogen-fixing organisms that can fix nitrogen only in symbiosis with leguminous plants. The general transcriptional activator of nitrogen fixation genes in diazotrophic bacteria is NifA. In this work, the possibility of modifying the regulation of nitrogen fixation in the nodule bacteria Mesorhizobium, Ensifer and Rhizobium was studied by introducing an additional copy of the nifA gene into the bacterial genomes during the regulation of induced bacterial promoters. Materials and methods. A series of expression genetic constructs with NifA genes of nodule bacteria strains under the control of an inducible promoter Pm were created. The resulting constructs were transformed into strains of nodule bacteria. The obtained recombinant strains were investigated for the appearance of their nitrogen-fixing activity in the free-living state. Results. It was shown that the expression of nifA in recombinant cells of all three genera of bacteria leads to the appearance of insignificant nitrogenase activity. At the same time, the level of nitrogenase activity does not have a correlation with the level of expression of the introduced nifA gene, which, most likely, is a consequence of the multilevel regulation of nitrogen fixation. Conclusion. The possibility of artificial activation of nitrogenase activity in nodule bacteria in the free-living state by introducing the NifA regulatory protein gene into bacteria was shown.

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The efficiency of rhizobia use in the soybean cultivation on chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202022202039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

pp. 02039

Author(s):

Vyacheslav Lucomets ◽

Vladimir Tilba ◽

Nikolay Tishkov ◽

Vasily Makhonin ◽

Margarita Shkarupa

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Soybean Variety ◽

Nodule Bacteria ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Typical Chernozems ◽

Western Ciscaucasia

In the period of 2008-2014, we carried out the field experiments to evaluate the efficiency of soybean inoculation with Russian and foreign preparations of nodule bacteria on various subtypes of chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. All studied inoculants ensured an increase of soybean yield: on ordinary chernozem – on average, by 18.8 % (0.34 t/ha), on leached and typical chernozems – by 14.9 % (0.30 t/ha), on meadow chernozem of rice fields – by 59.1 % (1.04 t/ha). The protein content from inoculation increased by 1.7-1.9 %, in rice crop rotations – by 4.0-4.9 %. There was no significant difference in efficiency between Russian and foreign inoculants. In 2018-2019, in a field experiment on leached chernozem we established the varietal specificity by reaction to inoculation with various strains of rhizobia in new soybean varieties Bars and Irbis, confirming the expediency of selecting complementary pairs in the system soybean variety – rhizobia strain.

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A Non-Uniform Broadcast Fertilization Method and Its Performance Analysis under Basin Irrigation

Water ◽

10.3390/w12010292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Kai Zhang ◽

Meijian Bai ◽

Yinong Li ◽

Shaohui Zhang ◽

Di Xu

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Transport Model ◽

Inflow Rate ◽

Application Performance ◽

Solute Content ◽

Basin Surface ◽

Movement Characteristics ◽

The Difference ◽

Basin Irrigation

The broadcast fertilization method is widely used under basin irrigation in China. A reasonable broadcast fertilization method can effectively improve application performance of fertilization and reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources. In this study, firstly, a non-uniform broadcast fertilization method and a non-uniform application coefficient were proposed. The value of non-uniform application coefficient is defined in this paper. It represents the ratio of the difference between the maximum and the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface to the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface. Secondly, field experiments were conducted to study the movement characteristics of fertilizer under non-uniform broadcast fertilization for basin irrigation. Field experiment results showed that under the condition of basin irrigation, the non-uniform broadcast fertilization method could weaken the non-uniform distribution of fertilizer due to erosion and transport capacity of solid fertilizer by irrigation water flow, which could significantly improve the uniformity of soil solute content. Thirdly, the solute transport model for broadcast fertilization was corroborated by the field experiment results. The variation rule of fertilization performance with non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate was achieved by simulation. The simulation results showed that fertilization uniformity and fertilization storage efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of non-uniform application coefficient. In order to be practically applicable, suitable irrigation programs of non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate conditions were proposed by numerical simulation.

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High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9880765 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 765 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

MDA Bolland ◽

MJ Baker

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Western Australia ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Medicago Polymorpha ◽

P Concentration ◽

Pot Experiments ◽

Matter Production ◽

Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

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Rhizobium tropici Genes Involved in Free-Living Salt Tolerance are Required for the Establishment of Efficient Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis with Phaseolus vulgaris

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.3.225 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 225-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Joaquina Nogales ◽

Rosario Campos ◽

Hanaa BenAbdelkhalek ◽

José Olivares ◽

Carmen Lluch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Trna Synthetase ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Rhizobium Tropici

Characterization of nine transposon-induced mutants of Rhizobium tropici with decreased salt tolerance (DST) allowed the identification of eight gene loci required for adaptation to high external NaCl. Most of the genes also were involved in adaptation to hyperosmotic media and were required to overcome the toxicity of LiCl. According to their possible functions, genes identified could be classified into three groups. The first group included two genes involved in regulation of gene expression, such as ntrY, the sensor element of the bacterial ntrY/ntrX two-component regulatory system involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism, and greA, which encodes a transcription elongation factor. The second group included genes related to synthesis, assembly, or maturation of proteins, such as alaS coding for alanine-tRNA synthetase, dnaJ, which encodes a molecular chaperone, and a nifS homolog probably encoding a cysteine desulfurase involved in the maturation of Fe-S proteins. Genes related with cellular build-up and maintenance were in the third group, such as a noeJ-homolog, encoding a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase likely involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and kup, specifying an inner-membrane protein involved in potassium uptake. Another gene was identified that had no homology to known genes but that could be conserved in other rhizobia. When inoculated on Phaseolus vulgaris growing under nonsaline conditions, all DST mutants displayed severe symbiotic defects: ntrY and noeJ mutants were impaired in nodulation, and the remaining mutants formed symbiosis with very reduced nitrogenase activity. The results suggest that bacterial ability to adapt to hyper-osmotic and salt stress is important for the bacteroid nitrogen-fixing function inside the legume nodule and provide genetic evidence supporting the suggestion that rhizobia face severe environmental changes after their release into plant cells.

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