scholarly journals Multi-Agent Bayesian Framework For Parametric Selection In The Detection And Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Contagion In Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Arnold Adimabua Ojugo ◽  
Obinna Nwankwo
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Mining Machine ◽  
New Paradigm

Decision making has become quite a critical factor in our everyday living. The provision of data alongside its consequent processing has further sought to extend and expand our reasoning faculties as well as effectively aid proper decision making. But data is daily, produced at an exponential rapid rate and the volume in amount of data churned out to be processed even more so that we now require data storage optimization techniques to process such humongous volume of data. These have today, necessitated the need for advancement in data mining process. With the tremendous advances made in data mining, machine learning, storage virtualization and optimization – amongst other fields of computing – researchers now seek a new paradigm and platform called data science. This field today has become quite imperative as it seeks to provide beneficial support in constructing models and algorithms that can effectively assist domain experts and practitioners to make comprehensive and sound decisions regarding potential problematic cases. We focus on modeling social graph using implicit suggest algorithm in medical diagnosis to effectively respond to problematic cases of Tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria. We introduce spectral clustering and Bayesian Network, construct algorithms cum models for predicting potential problematic cases in Tuberculosis as well as compare the algorithms based on data samples collected from an Epidemiology laboratory at the Federal Medical Center Asaba in Delta State of Nigeria. The volume of data was collated and divided into two data sets which are the training dataset and the investigation dataset. The model constructed by this study has shown a high predictive capability strength compared to other models presented on similar studies.

Data Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Sabitha Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Data Warehousing ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Development Analysis

Data Science employs techniques and theories to create data products. Data product is merely a data application that acquires its value from the data itself, and creates more data as a result; it's not just an application with data. Data science involves the methodical study of digital data employing techniques of observation, development, analysis, testing and validation. It tackles the real time challenges by adopting a holistic approach. It ‘creates' knowledge about large and dynamic bases, ‘develops' methods to manage data and ‘optimizes' processes to improve its performance. The goal includes vital investigation and innovation in conjunction with functional exploration intended to notify decision-making for individuals, businesses, and governments. This paper discusses the emergence of Data Science and its subsequent developments in the fields of Data Mining and Data Warehousing. The research focuses on need, challenges, impact, ethics and progress of Data Science. Finally the insights of the subsequent phases in research and development of Data Science is provided.

scholarly journals Extracting Subset of Relevant Features for Breast Cancer to Improve Accuracy of Classifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1670-1674
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Mining Machine ◽  
Breast Cancer Dataset ◽  
Cancer Dataset ◽  
Hidden Patterns

Data mining is the essential step which identifies hidden patterns from large repositories. Medical diagnosis became a major area of current research in data mining. Machine learning technique which use statistical methods to enable machine to improve with experiences and identify hidden patterns in data like regression algorithms, clustering algorithms, classification algorithms, neural networks(ANN,CNN,DL),recommender system algorithms, Apriori algorithms, page ranking algorithms, text search and NLP(natural language processing) etc.., but due to lack of evaluation, these algorithms are unsuccessful in finding a better classifier for images to estimate accuracy of classification in medical image processing. Classification is an supervised learning which predicts the future class for an unknown object. The main purpose is to identify an unknown class by consulting with the neighbor class characteristics. Clustering can be known as unsupervised learning as it label the objects based on the scale of similar characteristics without consulting its class label. Main principle of clustering is find the distance like nearby and faraway based on their similarities and dissimilarities and groups the objects and hence can be used to identify outliers (which are far away from from the object). Feature extraction, variable selection is a method of obtaining a subset of relevant characteristics from large dataset. Too many features of a class may affect the accuracy of classifier. Therefore, feature extraction technique can be used to eliminate irrelevant attributes and increases the accuracy of classifier. In this paper we performed an induction to increase the accuracy of classifier by applying mining techniques in WEKA tool. Breast Cancer dataset is chosen from learning repository to analyze and an experimental analysis was conducted with WEKA tool using training dataset by applying naïve bayes, bayesnet, and PART, ZeroR, J48 and Random Forest techniques on the Wisconsin's dataset on Breast cancer. Finally presented the best classifier where the accuracy is more

scholarly journals The role of data science in healthcare advancements: applications, benefits, and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Venkat Gunturi Subrahmanya ◽  
Dasharathraj K. Shetty ◽  
Vathsala Patil ◽  
B. M. Zeeshan Hameed ◽  
Rahul Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field

AbstractData science is an interdisciplinary field that extracts knowledge and insights from many structural and unstructured data, using scientific methods, data mining techniques, machine-learning algorithms, and big data. The healthcare industry generates large datasets of useful information on patient demography, treatment plans, results of medical examinations, insurance, etc. The data collected from the Internet of Things (IoT) devices attract the attention of data scientists. Data science provides aid to process, manage, analyze, and assimilate the large quantities of fragmented, structured, and unstructured data created by healthcare systems. This data requires effective management and analysis to acquire factual results. The process of data cleansing, data mining, data preparation, and data analysis used in healthcare applications is reviewed and discussed in the article. The article provides an insight into the status and prospects of big data analytics in healthcare, highlights the advantages, describes the frameworks and techniques used, briefs about the challenges faced currently, and discusses viable solutions. Data science and big data analytics can provide practical insights and aid in the decision-making of strategic decisions concerning the health system. It helps build a comprehensive view of patients, consumers, and clinicians. Data-driven decision-making opens up new possibilities to boost healthcare quality.

Big data analytics for intelligent online education

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rongbo Zhang ◽  
Weiyu Zhao ◽  
Yixin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Education Practice

There are different paradigms in educational technology. Under the background of big data era, data science, learning analysis and education have made great achievements. In the field of education under big data, all kinds of new paradigms are constantly emerging and have achieved very good results in actual education. In the era of education big data, how to fully tap the value of big data for online education practice, decision-making, evaluation and research, and how to avoid the risk of big data are important issues in the current education reform and development. This paper analyzes the application of the current scientific paradigm in education, constructs the construction paradigm of online education evaluation model, and puts forward a new education concept in order to promote the development of the new paradigm of big data online education technology research. Applying this paradigm, a series of educational evaluation models are constructed from the macro, miso and micro levels, which play a positive role in the research, decision-making, practice and evaluation of related fields.

Tools, Technologies, and Methodologies to Support Data Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-72
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Barrera-Cámara ◽  
Ana Canepa-Saenz ◽  
Jorge A. Ruiz-Vanoye ◽  
Alejandro Fuentes-Penna ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ruiz-Jaimes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Predictive Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Equipment ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Learning Data

Various devices such as smart phones, computers, tablets, biomedical equipment, sports equipment, and information systems generate a large amount of data and useful information in transactional information systems. However, these generate information that may not be perceptible or analyzed adequately for decision-making. There are technology, tools, algorithms, models that support analysis, visualization, learning, and prediction. Data science involves techniques, methods to abstract knowledge generated through diverse sources. It combines fields such as statistics, machine learning, data mining, visualization, and predictive analysis. This chapter aims to be a guide regarding applicable statistical and computational tools in data science.

Data Mining and Statistics in Data Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 960-968
Author(s):  
Güner Gözde KILIÇ
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Science

scholarly journals Effectiveness of transfer learning for enhancing tumor classification with a convolutional neural network on frozen sections

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Gon Kim ◽  
Sungchul Kim ◽  
Cristina Eunbee Cho ◽  
In Hye Song ◽  
Hee Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Training Dataset

AbstractFast and accurate confirmation of metastasis on the frozen tissue section of intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy is an essential tool for critical surgical decisions. However, accurate diagnosis by pathologists is difficult within the time limitations. Training a robust and accurate deep learning model is also difficult owing to the limited number of frozen datasets with high quality labels. To overcome these issues, we validated the effectiveness of transfer learning from CAMELYON16 to improve performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classification model on our frozen dataset (N = 297) from Asan Medical Center (AMC). Among the 297 whole slide images (WSIs), 157 and 40 WSIs were used to train deep learning models with different dataset ratios at 2, 4, 8, 20, 40, and 100%. The remaining, i.e., 100 WSIs, were used to validate model performance in terms of patch- and slide-level classification. An additional 228 WSIs from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) were used as an external validation. Three initial weights, i.e., scratch-based (random initialization), ImageNet-based, and CAMELYON16-based models were used to validate their effectiveness in external validation. In the patch-level classification results on the AMC dataset, CAMELYON16-based models trained with a small dataset (up to 40%, i.e., 62 WSIs) showed a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 than those of the scratch- and ImageNet-based models at 0.897 and 0.919, respectively, while CAMELYON16-based and ImageNet-based models trained with 100% of the training dataset showed comparable AUCs at 0.944 and 0.943, respectively. For the external validation, CAMELYON16-based models showed higher AUCs than those of the scratch- and ImageNet-based models. Model performance for slide feasibility of the transfer learning to enhance model performance was validated in the case of frozen section datasets with limited numbers.

scholarly journals New dilemmas, old problems: advances in data analysis and its geoethical implications in groundwater management

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
César de Oliveira Ferreira Silva ◽  
Mariana Matulovic ◽  
Rodrigo Lilla Manzione
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Groundwater Governance ◽  
Ethical Attitude ◽  
New Information ◽  
Modeling Experiment ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Groundwater governance uses modeling to support decision making. Therefore, data science techniques are essential. Specific difficulties arise because variables must be used that cannot be directly measured, such as aquifer recharge and groundwater flow. However, such techniques involve dealing with (often not very explicitly stated) ethical questions. To support groundwater governance, these ethical questions cannot be solved straightforward. In this study, we propose an approach called “open-minded roadmap” to guide data analytics and modeling for groundwater governance decision making. To frame the ethical questions, we use the concept of geoethical thinking, a method to combine geoscience-expertise and societal responsibility of the geoscientist. We present a case study in groundwater monitoring modeling experiment using data analytics methods in southeast Brazil. A model based on fuzzy logic (with high expert intervention) and three data-driven models (with low expert intervention) are tested and evaluated for aquifer recharge in watersheds. The roadmap approach consists of three issues: (a) data acquisition, (b) modeling and (c) the open-minded (geo)ethical attitude. The level of expert intervention in the modeling stage and model validation are discussed. A search for gaps in the model use is made, anticipating issues through the development of application scenarios, to reach a final decision. When the model is validated in one watershed and then extrapolated to neighboring watersheds, we found large asymmetries in the recharge estimatives. Hence, we can show that more information (data, expertise etc.) is needed to improve the models’ predictability-skill. In the resulting iterative approach, new questions will arise (as new information comes available), and therefore, steady recourse to the open-minded roadmap is recommended. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals A Cloud Game-Based Educative Platform Architecture: The CyberScratch Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Llanos Tobarra ◽  
Alejandro Utrilla ◽  
Antonio Robles-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Pastor-Vargas ◽  
Roberto Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Privacy Management ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Flexible Architecture ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Implementation Guidelines

The employment of modern technologies is widespread in our society, so the inclusion of practical activities for education has become essential and useful at the same time. These activities are more noticeable in Engineering, in areas such as cybersecurity, data science, artificial intelligence, etc. Additionally, these activities acquire even more relevance with a distance education methodology, as our case is. The inclusion of these practical activities has clear advantages, such as (1) promoting critical thinking and (2) improving students’ abilities and skills for their professional careers. There are several options, such as the use of remote and virtual laboratories, virtual reality and game-based platforms, among others. This work addresses the development of a new cloud game-based educational platform, which defines a modular and flexible architecture (using light containers). This architecture provides interactive and monitoring services and data storage in a transparent way. The platform uses gamification to integrate the game as part of the instructional process. The CyberScratch project is a particular implementation of this architecture focused on cybersecurity game-based activities. The data privacy management is a critical issue for these kinds of platforms, so the architecture is designed with this feature integrated in the platform components. To achieve this goal, we first focus on all the privacy aspects for the data generated by our cloud game-based platform, by considering the European legal context for data privacy following GDPR and ISO/IEC TR 20748-1:2016 recommendations for Learning Analytics (LA). Our second objective is to provide implementation guidelines for efficient data privacy management for our cloud game-based educative platform. All these contributions are not found in current related works. The CyberScratch project, which was approved by UNED for the year 2020, considers using the xAPI standard for data handling and services for the game editor, game engine and game monitor modules of CyberScratch. Therefore, apart from considering GDPR privacy and LA recommendations, our cloud game-based architecture covers all phases from game creation to the final users’ interactions with the game.

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