scholarly journals Influence of Agroclimatic Conditions, Life Form and Host Species on the Species Complex of Wheat Septoria Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Ju. V. Zeleneva ◽  
O. S. Afanasenko ◽  
V. P. Soodnikova
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Low Humidity

Currently, septoria is the basis of the pathogenic complex on wheat crops in Russia, occupying the predominant position among harmful fungal diseases. In case of severe wheat damage, the crop loss caused by the fungus Z. tritici, makes up from 10–25 to 40–60%. The crop loss caused by the fungus P. nodorum parasitizing is from 10–20 to 30–50% during the years of epiphytoty. The question of the economic significance of P. avenae has not yet been examined completely. However, depending on the area of wheat cultivation and the year of observation, its part in the septorian population may reach up to 76.9%. It was of interest to study in detail the influence of conditions of the specific year, life form, and species of wheat on the formation of the species composition of Septoria in the pathogenic complex of wheat. Among the complex set of factors included in the concept of the environment, a significant role belongs to its abiotic components, namely, climate and weather, but the variety as an environment-forming factor has a decisive role. Our studies were carried out during 2010–2017. During the research period, the weather conditions varied significantly over the years and were not always favorable for the development of plants and formation of a good wheat crop. During the study, deviations in the amount of precipitations during the vegetation period, and, in general, over the year from the long-term average annual values, were noted. The years of 2012, 2014 and 2015 were characterized by the highest moisture supply during the vegetation season. It has been predicted that cooler days of April and May will promote the better development of P. avenae and P. nodorum. P. nodorum receives its predominant development during the years with wetter weather within the vegetation period of wheat, in contrast to Z. tritici more resistant to low humidity. These data demonstrate adaptation of the pathogen to conditions of an increased temperature regime and reduced rainfall amount.

scholarly journals Annotated checklist of the flora of Sverdlovsk Region. Part VII: Dicotyledonous plants (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 5-33
Author(s):  
Mikhail Knyazev ◽  
◽  
Elena Podgaevskaya ◽  
Natalia Zolotareva ◽  
Alyona Tretyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time

This article for the first time presents a detailed checklist of the flora of dicotyledonous plants (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) of Sverdlovsk Region, based on the long-term filed research, a critical study of herbarium materials and literature sources. Part VII of the checklist includes 91 species and 6 interspecific hybrids of wild plants. The information on all the species is given on the occurrence in botanical-geographical districts and administrative districts of the region. In the checklist for species bioecological features are indicated (life form according to K. Raunkiaer and I. G. Serebryakov, coenotic groups and ecological groups in relation to moistning), zonal and longitudinal arealogic group, economic significance. As for the alien species, origin, migration thecnique, and level of naturalization achieved in the region are additionally indicated. Species that need protection in the region are noted.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE SPRING WHEAT CROP IN VARIOUS WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE TYUMEN REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Elena Zemcova ◽  
Nina Bome
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Level

Abstract. During the growing seasons of 2014-2016, 22 varieties of spring soft wheat were evaluated according to economically valuable characteristics. The purpose of the work was to determine the features of the formation of the yield of the studied varieties based on the analysis of the variability of the main elements of its structure in the conditions of the taiga agro-climatic zone of Tyumen region. Varieties belonging to two groups of ripeness (medium-early and medium-ripe) were evaluated on plots with an accounting area of 1 m2, the repetition of the experiment was 4-fold. The soil is loamy in terms of granulometric composition, the humus content is 4.5 %, pH=7.1. The limiting factor of the wheat harvest in the first year of the study was insufficient heat supply (the average daily air temperature is 1.4 0C lower than the average long-term value) against the background of a lack of precipitation (62 % relative to the norm), which caused the formation of a puny grain. In the second year, heavy precipitation (155 % of the norm for the growing season) and having a stormy character in July led to the lodging of plants and an increase in the contamination of grain with fungal diseases. In the third year, the high air temperature (3.2 0C higher than long-term indicators) caused a reduction in the duration of the tillering phase and a decrease in the number of productive shoots. The signs - the number of shoots, the weight of grain from the ear, the weight of 1000 grains and the length of the stem (the coefficients of variation (CV) were – 20...22 %) were subject to a significant degree of variation during the study period, the number of grains in the ear and the length of the ear (CV – 2...3 %) practically did not change. We observed the compensation of some elements of the crop structure by others. Thus, the insufficient number of stems was compensated by an increase in the share of productive stems, a low number of productive shoots – by a higher productivity of the ear, a relatively low water content of the ear – by an increase in the mass of 1000 grains. As a result, the yield level varied slightly over the years of the study (CV-7 %)

Long-term effects of stubble management on the incidence of infection of wheat by Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Burgess ◽  
D Backhouse ◽  
BA Summerell ◽  
AB Pattison ◽  
TA Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Group 1

The effect of 3 stubble management regimes (burning after harvest, incorporation with a disc plough, retention on the surface) on the incidence of infection of wheat with Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1 was studied for 5 seasons at 2 sites at Moree, New South Wales. One site had high initial incidence (site A) and the other low initial incidence (site B). There were no differences in incidence of infection between retained and incorporated treatments. Stubble burning reduced the increase in incidence of infection in 2 of 5 years at site A and 3 of 4 years at site B. Failure of control in other years was attributed to susceptible weed hosts and poor burns. When stubble was retained on the plots at site B that had been burnt, incidence of infection in the next season increased to a level not significantly different from the retained or incorporated treatments. Incidence of infection at the fourth consecutive wheat crop at both sites was close to the maximum recorded, which was 92% at site A and 65% at site B. There was no evidence of a decline in incidence by the time of the most recent season assessed (eighth year of continuous wheat cultivation at site A, and sixth year at site B). In most years, the differences in yield between treatments were not significant.

PRODUCTIVITY OF CAULIFLOWER VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON DATE OF SOWING AND PLANTING

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. G. Gadjimustapaeva
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Low Humidity

Research of new varieties and hybrids of cauliflower in the summer-autumn culture of cultivation in 2015-2017 was carried out. Highambient temperature of 26.2 ° C and low humidity of 59% was sustaining from the first decade of June 2015. The maximum values of thedaily mean temperatures were higher than the average long-term indicators by 8.8-9.1 °C. The 2016summer was also hot with the airhumidity of 64%. The amount of precipitation for three months (June-August) was 113.1 mm. Maximum of air temperature in thesummer month reached 35.6 ° C.The beginning of the vegetation period of 2017 was characterized by an elevated temperature with lowhumidity. During the summer months there was occasional precipitation. September-November: no precipitation, positive temperatureswere remaining, the plants continued vegetation during irrigation on furrows. The formation of the heads of the cauliflower continueduntil January 22, 2018. It was established that the varietal reaction according to the upward dynamics of the assimilation apparatusduring growth and development for three years is unequal. Based on the analysis results of the broccoli varieties and hybrids acomparison was drawn between the productivity, early maturity, the maturity of the heads, the quality, the length of vegetation of plantsand control group. It is noted that the head should be removed in due time to prevent its growth to gigantic proportions. At the same timeall biochemical substances that are beneficial to the human body are preserved. The tissue near head does not coarsen, and it can beused both fresh and processed. Samples set used for research contained new hybrids with better productivity and quality.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of pea selection lines of different morphotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
K. S. Temirov
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The results of a comparative study of samples of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) by the main economically valuable traits are presented. The objects of the research were 13 breeding lines of peas of various morphotypes (leafy, semi-leafl ess, chameleon). The experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 on leached chernozems in the northern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The study period was characterized by contrasting weather conditions. Uneven precipitation was noted in 2016, which was higher than the norm in May, but below normal in June. In May 2017, the temperature and precipitation corresponded to the long-term average norm. Abundant rainfall from the period of sowing (the fi rst ten-day period of May) to full ripeness (July) and low average daily air temperature in May characterized the vegetation period of 2018. The best results in short-stalk characteristics and lodging resistance were reached by the line of the semi-leafl ess morphotype Nord × Az-318 (57.5 cm) and Orel × Yamal (57.7 cm). An average positive correlation was established between the height of the plant and the number of pods (r = 0.48 ± 0.20). By the mass of 1000 seeds the best results were shown by leafy lines (188.4 g) and the chameleon morphotype (181.1 g). Between the mass of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds in a pod, an average negative correlation was established (r = –0.63 ± 0.25). In terms of the yield, the chameleon morphotype lines (TM-1552, TM-1504) proved the most productive. The average yield of this morphotype was 280.0 g/m2, leafy lines – 271.4 g/m2 and the lines of the semi-leafl ess morphotype – 254.1 g/m2. A correlation was established between the yield and the studied traits. The yield is moderately positively affected by the number of seeds in a pod (r = 0.55 ± 0.20) and the number of pods in a plant (r = 0.50 ± 0.22). A signifi cant yield advantage was not found between the studied breeding lines. For sustainable production of pea seeds, it is advisable to have a system of varieties of different morphotypes.

scholarly journals The Typicality of Hydrothermal Conditions of the Forest Steppe and Their Influence on the Productivity of Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Andrii Butenko ◽  
Dmytrо Litvinov ◽  
Natalia Borys ◽  
Olena Litvinova ◽  
Ihor Masyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of changes in hydrothermal conditions of growing crops in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine over a period of 2004–2016 showed that by the average monthly air temperature more than a half of the years under study and by rainfall nearly a third of the researched period differed significantly from the average long-term value and were close to extreme weather. Statistical analysis of long-term indicators of the air temperature regime is evidence of a steady trend towards an increase in average annual air temperature with significant fluctuations in indices in separate periods from 7.9 ± 2.9 to 10.0 ± 2.5oС and a decrease in the amount and instability of natural moisture entry. The influence of weather conditions on the formation of productivity of spiked cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley) and maize was assessed at the current agrometeorological risks in the forest steppe of Ukraine. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, mathematical models were created that reproduce the dependence of grain yields upon the complex weather conditions of the growing season, the impact of which reached 60–70%. The conditions of eight years (2006–2008, 2011–2014 and 2016), when the hydrothermal index for the vegetation period was 1.13–1.76, turned out to be optimal by hydrothermal indicators to harvest maize yield at 5.83–9.47 t/ha. However, the years of 2005, 2009–2010 and 2015 were unfavorable as they received precipitation by 120 mm lower than a norm or 36% of the norm. The rainfall by 37–61% lower than a norm in June–July and grain yield 3.12–6.51 t/ha were also characteristic of the years mentioned above.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term fertilization and environments on test weight of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grain

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
G. Panayotova ◽  
S. Kostadinova ◽  
S. Stefanova-Dobreva ◽  
A. Muhova
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization and meteorological conditions during the period 1990-2019 on test weight of durum wheat grain in Central South Bulgaria. The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus rates – 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg.ha-1, as well as combined NP fertilization in the same rates on durum wheat grain under conditions of stationary long-term fertilizing experiment in cotton-durum wheat crop rotation was studied. The analysis of the results showed that the test weight was below the standard requirements in eight of the studied years, and in 22 years the average test weight exceeded the requirements. The values in 17 years were over 80.0 kg. The test weight decreased by increasing the N rates above 80 kg and the lowest average value was seen at N160 – 79.4 kg. The Р application in rates from 40 tо 160 kg.ha-1 indicated a tendency to increase the test weight. Good values were realized by combining a moderate to high phosphorus rates Р80-160 with low N levels N40-80. Weather conditions during the 30-year period have a strong significant impact on the test weight of the grain.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OAT GRAINS OF ULOV AND VYATSKIY VARIETIES

10.12737/3825 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Фатыхов ◽  
Ildus Fatykhov ◽  
Колесникова ◽  
Vera Kolesnikova ◽  
Тихонова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Favorable Weather

Oat grain has a great national economic significance. Firstly, it is a concentrated feed for farm animals. Secondly, it is the raw material for food production, most of all, for baby diet. In this regard, when used for feed purpose or for food production, it is necessary to knowledge the chemical composition of the oat grain. Our results demonstrated that by the content of chemical elements, among 70 species the differences were in membranous and hull-less oats. The grain of membranous oat of Ulov variety contained more silicon, potassium and calcium, comparing with the content of hull-less oat grains of Vyatkskiy variety. In a relatively favorable weather conditions of 2010 year, the Ulov oat grains contained more boron, sodium, aluminum, potassium, calcium. Vyatskiy hull-less oat grains at relatively favorable weather conditions of 2011 year, have a higher content of magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, manganese and zinc. Chemical composition of Ulov and Vyatskiy oat grain according to the 70 element have differs and depends on the meteorological conditions of the vegetation period. The membranous and hull-less oat grains did not contain heavy metals above the permissible values, regulated by Sanitary rules and norms 2.3.2.1078-01.

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