scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Kanza Sohail Khanani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
National Income ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Infrastructure

In this research, we have empirically tested the impact of Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (EFC) on entrepreneurial activity and ultimately on economic growth of a nation. In our sample all the 54 countries participating in the GEM study in 2017 are taken. 67.8% of the world’s population and 86.0% of the world’s GDP is represented by the economies included in GEM 2017. The entrepreneurial ecosystem is  captured through 12 EFCs used in the GEM model that includes: Financial environment, government policy of support and relevance, government policy of taxes and bureaucracy, government programs, entrepreneurial education at school stage and post school stage, R&D transfer, commercial and legal infrastructure, internal market dynamics, access to physical infrastructure, and social and cultural norms. The impact of these EFCs and their significance in creating entrepreneurial activity (TEA) in a nation is analyzed using OLS estimation technique with TEA as dependent variable. Secondly, the impact of entrepreneurial activity (TEA) on economic growth ( ∆GDP) is estimated using OLS regression model with control variables such as global competitiveness index (GCI) and Gross national income per capita, expressed in purchasing power parity (GNIC). The results suggest that entrepreneurship education at post school stage, entry burdens and cultural and social norms are significant framework conditions that support entrepreneurial activity, while R&D transfer, internal market dynamics and commercial and legal infrastructure hinders the process of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, TEA is significantly contributing to the economic growth of factor driven and efficiency driven economies.

Macro-economic Factors Influencing Tourism Entrepreneurship: The Case of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 097135572098143
Author(s):  
Aizhan Tleuberdinova ◽  
Zhanat Shayekina ◽  
Dinara Salauatova ◽  
Stephen Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
National Income ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Impact

Tourism development contributes to economic development. In emerging economies like Kazakhstan, tourism development needs active entrepreneurship. As the country emerges from the post-Soviet era, there has been an increase in economic development and prosperity. Entrepreneurship in the tourism sector can drive economies forward through the creation of new tourism and hospitality businesses. The macroeconomic environment can influence entrepreneurial activity. We use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Using data from 1996 to 2018, we find that there is a positive short-run relationship between wages in the tourism sector and entrepreneurship, suggesting that wage growth in the sector attracts entrepreneurs. In the long run, however, tourism sector wages have a negative relationship with entrepreneurship, suggesting that these higher wages represent a higher cost to entrepreneurship. There is also a strong positive relationship between national income and tourism entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Implications of macroeconomic policy changes for Kazakhstan and other emerging economies are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment and income on entrepreneurship in post-apartheid South Africa: 1994–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darma Mahadea ◽  
Irrshad Kaseeram
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
National Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Background: South Africa has made significant progress since the dawn of democracy in 1994. It registered positive economic growth rates and its real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased from R42 849 in 1994 to over R56 000 in 2015. However, employment growth lagged behind GDP growth, resulting in rising unemployment. Aim and setting: Entrepreneurship brings together labour and capital in generating income, output and employment. According to South Africa’s National Development Plan, employment growth would come mainly from small-firm entrepreneurship and economic growth. Accordingly, this article investigates the impact unemployment and per capita income have on early stage total entrepreneurship activity (TEA) in South Africa, using data covering the 1994–2015 period. Methods: The methodology used is the dynamic least squares regression. The article tests the assertion that economic growth, proxied by real per capita GDP income, promotes entrepreneurship and that high unemployment forces necessity entrepreneurship. Results: The regression results indicate that per capita real GDP, which increases with economic growth, has a highly significant, positive impact on entrepreneurial activity, while unemployment has a weaker effect. A 1% rise in real per capita GDP results in a 0.16% rise in TEA entrepreneurship, and a 1% rise in unemployment is associated with a 0.25% rise in TEA. Conclusion: There seems to be a strong pull factor, from income growth to entrepreneurship and a reasonable push from unemployment to entrepreneurship, as individuals without employment are forced to self-employment as a necessity, survival mechanism. Overall, a long-run co-integrating relationship seems plausible between unemployment, income and entrepreneurship in South Africa.

Gender and Entrepreneurship in Developing Economies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rob Kim Marjerison
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

This chapter begins with a brief exploration of the importance of entrepreneurial activity as a driver of global economic growth. The importance of entrepreneurship in developing economies is examined as are the traits, motivations, and drivers of entrepreneurs and the economic, social, cultural, legislative, and regulatory circumstances that encourage and in some cases discourage entrepreneurial activity. The impact of entrepreneurship training and education on encouraging women entrepreneurs is examined, the relative importance of women entrepreneurs is examined, and emphasis is placed on the relatively greater difficulties that are faced by women entrepreneurs particularly in regards to obtaining funding for starting new ventures. Opportunities are identified that may useful for policy makers, investors, and those that may seek to promote social entrepreneurship and economic growth in developing economies.

The mediation role of public governance in the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-333
Author(s):  
Allam Mohammed Hamdan ◽  
Reem Khamis ◽  
Ammar Abdulla Al Hawaj ◽  
Elisabetta Barone
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediation role of public governance in the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach To achieve this aim, the study uses a 20-year time series analysis (1996–2015) and tests the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth, through public governance, via a mediator model. Findings The study has determined that public governance buoys the positive effect that entrepreneurship activities exert on economic growth in the UAE. Based on this determination, the study posits a set of recommendations that focus on supporting entrepreneurship activities that play a significant role in economic growth. Originality/value The study adds to the literature on the impact of entrepreneurship on economies dependent on oil revenues vis-à-vis a public policy perspective. The study provides insights into the type of entrepreneurship that most efficaciously suits the Emirati social and cultural milieu in terms of fostering national economic growth. In addition, the study limns a vision of the role of public governance in creating an enabling environment that stimulates entrepreneurial activity and, in turn, increases economic growth in the Emirates.

Is the success of entrepreneurs dependent on the environment in a conflict zone: insights from Indian-administered Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shiob Shah ◽  
Mohammad Farooq Lala
Keyword(s):  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to empirically examine the impact of selecting entrepreneurial framework conditions on the success of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone. The study was conducted in Kashmir, which is a fitting conflict context. The study undertaken responds to the call by multiple authors to substantiate the entrepreneurship literature with empirical evidence from conflict-affected areas. The authors argue that better entrepreneurial framework conditions will enhance entrepreneurial success in conflict zones. This research work is important because it will add to our understanding of the influences of the entrepreneurial ecosystem on entrepreneurs who pursue an entrepreneurial career in conflict zones. This research will add to the existing body of knowledge, which seemingly lacks evidence from conflict zones. Furthermore, this research is important in the Kashmir context because this research will provide insights to stakeholders such as entrepreneurs, government agencies, entrepreneurship development agencies and NGOs, etc.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed 400 entrepreneurs in the manufacturing, services and retail sectors in Kashmir through a questionnaire. The self-reported responses were used for assessment of entrepreneurial framework conditions and financial and non-financial performance. The data were analysed through the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships. The results were considerable.FindingsThe authors found that most Kashmiri entrepreneurs do not find the entrepreneurial framework conditions supportive of their business. Upon testing the hypothesis, they found a significant and positive impact of entrepreneurial finance, government policies and cultural and social norms on entrepreneurial success. The common belief that ease in market dynamics would positively impact success was negated in this case. They found a significant and negative impact of market dynamics on success. Furthermore, the physical, commercial and professional infrastructure and services showed insignificant results.Research limitations/implicationsThis research provides insights about the requirements of entrepreneurial framework conditions in a conflict zone for achieving successful results. The current study acknowledges the call of researchers to carry out quantitative studies in conflict zones.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research might prove to be beneficial to the entrepreneurs, policymakers, government agencies and other stakeholders. If taken into consideration while formulating the policies in favour of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone, the findings of this research are an added resource. The current research might be valuable to the Government of Kashmir in recognising the perception of entrepreneurs towards the initiatives or the policies drafted in the past.Originality/valueAs per the knowledge of researchers, no such study has been conducted in Kashmir vis-a-vis the variables studied. The study is original in terms of analysing the impact of the environment on the success of entrepreneurs in a conflict zone in Kashmir.

scholarly journals Examining the Industrial Energy Consumption Determinants: A Panel Bayesian Model Averaging Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Djula Borozan ◽  
Luka Borozan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the impact of early stage and established entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption across European countries for the period 2001–2017. It proposes that industrial energy consumption is a complex multifaceted result of value-added activities conducted by different types of entrepreneurs and the quality of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial framework conditions, which support or hinder entrepreneurial activity and consequently energy use. After selecting the most appropriate model using a panel Bayesian averaging model approach, a fixed effects panel regression analysis was conducted to investigate more deeply the impact of different types of entrepreneurs on industrial energy consumption. The results show that early stage and established entrepreneurs exhibit different behavioral patterns with respect to energy use. The former follows, although statistically insignificantly, a U-shaped energy use curve. By contrast, the latter follows statistically significantly an inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, the results confirm the important role of the governments and other policy authorities in creating favorable framework conditions, which can support the changes in behavioral energy practices and the development of new or established businesses aiming for sustainability.

scholarly journals DAMPAK PERLAMBATAN EKONOMI CHINA DAN DEVALUASI YUAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERDAGANGAN PERTANIAN INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Jamilah Jamilah ◽  
Bonar M. Sinaga ◽  
Mangara Tambunan ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
National Income ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Previous Period ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of slowing economic growth in China and devaluation of the yuan on the performance of agricultural trade Indonesia. The research used a simultaneous equations model and estimated using the 2-SLS method. The results showed that the trade cooperation Indonesia - China has a positive impact on increasing production, price, investment, consumption, exports, imports, and Indonesia's national income post-CAFTA takes effect over the previous period. China's economic growth led to increased China's exports to Indonesia, but the increase Indonesia's exports to China relatively constant. At the time of CAFTA takes effect, slowing economic growth in China and devaluation of the yuan is expected negatively impact to the performance of the agricultural sector and trade Indonesia, because of the decline in demand for Chinese imports from Indonesia and it caused Indonesian export to China decreased, except for exports of food products, indicating that China's need for food and raw materials for industry. Indonesia's export performance drop will cause the trade of Indonesia deficit higher and destabilizing the economy of Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Sani Ali Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
National Income ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The economic development performance can be used to measure the economic growth of a given country. In economic analysis, a country can attain economic growth through the growth in national income measurement. However, there were rigorous discussions on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and continued to be a topic of discussion on the contemporary economy. This paper serves as an extension to the previous empirical studies on the issue by providing some evidence from time series data for the period 1971 to 2013 of Nigeria. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the impact of FDI on economic growth of Nigeria taking trade openness, Gross Fixed Capital Formation and human capital as control variables. To investigate the long run equilibrium relationship, Johansen and Juselius co-integration approach is analyzed, while the speed of adjustment in the short run is analyzed through the use of VECM method. In Nigeria, FDI, GFCF and HK have long run relationship with economic growth. However, the coefficient of ECM in Nigeria is statistically significant at 1% level of significance. Thus, 10.8% of the adjustment is achieved due to the correction of the adjustment speed in a year.

scholarly journals Trends in Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth of India with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
The Impact

Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) are welcomed by various host countries with multiple objectives such as capital infusion, technological up-gradation and managerial know-how. This measure is carried out at substantial cost of offering various incentives in terms of providing land for industrial investments, supply of uninterrupted power, ensuring problem free labour relation environment etc. These measures are taken by any government on a basis which will have a specific time frame, in order to not let investment become a drain on the economy of the host country. This study intends to evaluate the impact of FDI on the economic growth of India and in the state of Tamil Nadu, the most industrialised and urbanised economy in India. With proactive governance and path breaking policy initiatives and structural reforms, the state has emerged as one of the leading industrialised states of India. The period of this study has been taken for ten years from 2008-09 to 2018-19. The data on the inflow of FDI during this period and the flow of FDI from various source countries have been collected along with the data on various economic parameters pertaining to infrastructure such Gross National Income (GNI), Net National Income (NNI) and Per Capita Net National Income (PCNI). The data collected for the study are entirely the secondary data published by both the state and central governments. The analysed results of the study reveal that the inflow of FDI into India during the study period has been consistent and been growing significantly, as the economy of the country and the dynamic transformation of global economy demanded. This inflow of FDIs has consistently created a positive impact on the economic indicators, making it an essential factor to be very attentively looked after for a sustained growth.

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