scholarly journals SOIL PROTECTION STUDY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEX METHODS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE SOYBEAN AGROSYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Felicia Cheţan ◽  
Loredana Suciu ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Adina Tărău ◽  
Ioana Crişan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
High Doses

"The degradation of natural soil fertility is caused by practicing the classic tillage system (ploughing with the furrow return) and using high doses of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to adopt soil tillage techniques that aim to preserve and improve soil fertility without decrease production. In Romania, soybean crop, could be an economic boost for the agriculture sector because it reduces the costs required for the procurement of vegetable protein needed for the livestock and food sector, soybeans being a plant that fixes nitrogen from various sources (precipitation, activity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria, humus mineralization and residual nitrogen). From the research conducted between 2018-2020 at ARDS Turda, regarding the soybean root nodules cultivated in four tillage systems (CS - plough, MC - chisel, MD - disk and NT- direct sowing) with the technology specific to each system, the results indicate that in a conservative system the soybeans yield correlates positively with the number and weight of nodules formed. Organo-mineral fertilization (green fertilizer - autumn rape + gulle manure + N40P40) contributes significantly positively to the number and the weight of nodules and increases the yield. As an alternative to the CS, soybean can be cultivated in a minimum tillage system (MC), the yield difference compared to the classical system (plough) being insignificant, just 38 kg. The pedo-climatic conditions of the experimental area it is favourable for this crop and for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, without requiring high doses of mineral fertilizers."

Sunflower Response to Additional Nutrition at Different Systems of Basic Treatment of Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Keyword(s):  
Classical System ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Boron Chelate ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Ways of increasing sunflower yield in the modern conditions of the agrarian-industrial complex of the country should be based on the complex performance of scientifically grounded technological operations. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of the system of basic tillage, the use of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters on the formation of productivity of sunflower hybrid Ratnik. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 at the fields of the Institute of Oil Crops of the UAAS. The sowing was carried out at a depth of seed wrapping of 6-7 cm with a row spacing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 50 thousand similar seeds per hectare. Basic tillage systems: classic – two-track disc, plowing (PN-3-35) to a depth of 22-25 cm; bottomless – two-track disc, endless tillage (KLD-3.0) to a depth of 25-27 cm; minimal – two-track discus, cultivation (KPS-4,0) to a depth of 10-12 cm. Mineral fertilizer application options: 1. Control – no fertilizer, 2. N40, 3. N40P60, 4. N60P60K60. Application options: 1. Control – treatment with water (250 l/ha), 2. Rost- concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 3. Forte gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 4. Mono boron chelate + Phosphate-potassium chelate (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron chelate (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono gelatin boron (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The bookmarking of the experiments and the research were carried out in accordance with the common methods of field experiments in agriculture and crop production. As a result of the three-year studies, it was found that the performance indicators of sunflower varied under the influence of all the agricultural practices studied. According to the average three-year indicators the highest number of seeds is 1327-1392 pcs. and seed weight of 71.9-75.7 g per basket are indicated in the N60P60K60 fertilizer application under the classical basic tillage system. Other systems and power backgrounds are experiencing a decline in these indicators. The introduction of mineral fertilizers and the use of growth promoters for all systems of basic tillage led to an increase in these indicators relative to control. The diameter of the basket of sunflower hybrid Ratnik, depending on the use of fertilizers and growth promoters was 19.1-20.9 cm in the classical soil tillage system; 18,6-20,5 cm in diameter and 18,5-20,3 cm in minimum. The application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the diameter of the basket relative to the control. An increase in the diameter of the basket under the influence of growth stimulants under all backgrounds of mineral nutrition and basic tillage systems was also noted. The largest diameter of the basket, which was equal depending on the variant of the use of growth stimulants 20.6-20.9 cm, plants of sunflower hybrid Ratnik formed under the classical system of basic tillage and fertilizer application in the dose N60P60K60. According to the results of three-year studies, an increase of 1000 seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers and growth promoters was established for all systems of basic tillage. The largest mass of 1000 seeds of sunflower plants was formed by the classical soil tillage system. The highest yield of sunflower hybrid Ratnik – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha obtained by cultivation under the classical system of basic tillage, fertilization at a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation and the second and fifth variants of application of the preparations: 2. Growth concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves); 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield increase from the application of mineral fertilizers was obtained when fertilizing at a dose of N60P60K60 for all systems of basic tillage and is within: for classical – 0.52-0.64 t/ha; for landless – 0.40-0.51 t/ha; at the minimum – 0.35-0.45 t/ha. It should be noted that the cultivation of sunflower crops with growth stimulants in all their applications has led to an increase in yield: in the classical system of basic tillage by 0.13-0.32; for non-drained – 0.08-0.25 and for the minimum – 0.09-0.25 t/ha. The most effective under all other conditions of cultivation was the use of a mixture of preparations Growth-concentrate + gelatin oil. Among the agricultural practices studied for crop formation, the system of basic tillage (r = -0.66) and the use of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.61) and the weak use of preparations (r = 0.17) were more influenced. It should be noted the close relationship of yield with the number of seeds (r = 0.92) and the weight of seeds (r = 0.97) from one basket, the diameter of the basket (r = 0.88), the mass of 1000 seeds (r = 0.97), husk (r = -0.93) and average with fat content (r = -0.66).

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

scholarly journals The Influence of Tillage Systems, Fertilizers and Plant Protection on Biological Indicators of Fertility of Soddy Podzolic Gleyic Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.В. Чебыкина
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Spring Rape

Представлены результаты исследований агроэкологической оценки разных систем обработки и видов удобрений при выращивании ярового рапса в условиях агроландшафта с дерново-подзолистыми глееватыми почвами. При проведении полевых и лабораторных опытов в 2019 году изучалось последействие заделки органо-минерального субстрата (был внесён в почву в 2017 г.), состоящего из обеззараженного куриного помёта и отработанных вегетационных матов, на биологические показатели плодородия почвы. В ходе исследований было установлено, что заделка органо-минерального субстрата способствует поддержанию почвенного плодородия. Так, содержание органического вещества увеличилось на 10,8% при отвальной системе обработки и на 7,8% – при поверхностной, по сравнению с контролем без удобрений. Существенного влияния изучаемых систем обработки почвы и удобрений на активность почвенного фермента каталаза и целлюлозразлагающих микроорганизмов обнаружено не было. Активность каталазы в большей степени определялась системой удобрений, их последействие проявилось в тенденции к снижению ферментативной активности. Урожайность ярового рапса зависела от биологических показателей плодородия почвы, в ходе корреляционно-регрессионного анализа были выявлены средние по тесноте взаимосвязи, в частности с активностью целлюлозоразлагающих микроорганизмов (r = –0,5693) и фермента каталаза (r = 0,5457). Между изучаемыми биологическими показателями плодородия почвы не обнаружено тесных корреляционных связей. К существенному снижению урожайности ярового рапса (на 13,4%) приводило проведение поверхностной системы обработки почвы в сравнении с отвальной. Применение органо-минерального субстрата самостоятельно и особенно в сочетании с минеральными удобрениями обеспечивало достоверную прибавку урожая зелёной массы ярового рапса. The results of researches of the agroecological assessment of different tillage systems and types of fertilizers when growing spring rape in conditions of cultivated land with soddy podzolic gleyic soils are presented. When conducting field and laboratory experiments in 2019, the afteraction of covering of the organo-mineral substrate (it was introduced into the soil in 2017), consisting of disinfected chicken manure and worked vegetation mats on biological indicators of soil fertility was studied. As part of study it was found that covering of the organo-mineral substrate contributes to maintaining soil fertility. Thus, the content of organic matter increased by 10.8% with the moldboard tillage and by 7.8% with the surface one compared with the control without fertilizers. No significant effect of the tillage systems and fertilizers under study on the activity of the soil enzyme catalase and cellulose decomposing microorganisms was found. Catalase activity was largely determined by the fertilizer system, their aftereffect was manifested in a tendency to a decrease in enzymatic activity. The yield of spring rape depended on the biological indicators of soil fertility, during the correlation and regression analysis medium-sized relationships were found, in particular, with the activity of cellulose decomposing microorganisms (r = –0.5693) and the enzyme catalase (r = 0.5457). Close correlation was not found between the studied biological indicators of soil fertility. A significant decrease in the yield of spring rape (by 13.4%) was caused by a surface tillage system in comparison with the moldboard one. The use of organic-mineral substrate independently and especially in combination with mineral fertilizers provided a reliable increase in the yield of green mass of spring rape.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Water Management by Applying the No Tillage System for the Winter Wheat Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Felicia CHEȚAN ◽  
Cornel CHEȚAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

The Transylvanian Plain has a particular aspect, as the hilly areas are predominant and here the soil erosion phenomena through levigation are frequently encountered. The effect of water availability on yields has been thoroughly researched, being one of the main limitative factors of the winter wheat yields. Starting from these considerations, during the agricultural years 2012-2018, a bi-factorial yield test was performed at Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Turda, for a period of seven years. The study explored the influence of the water status under the influence of two tillage systems and the climatic conditions specific for this area on winter wheat yields. In the field conditions of Turda during experimental interval, the soil tillage system had a rather small impact on the winter wheat yields. In the conventional system (CS) a reserve of accessible water is preserved better during the spring period, this being attributed to a better infiltration into the soil of winter precipitation (snow). In the conservative system (NT), the observed trend suggests that restoration of the ground water reserve is more difficult than in the CS but the loss of water in the CS is just as fast.

scholarly journals Quality of sunflower oil seeds in the Middle Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Baurzhan Zhunuzovich Dzhangabaev ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina ◽  
Ivan Filippovich Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Oil Seeds

The results of studies on the study of six variants of sunflower cultivated by production system ExpressSun (predecessor barley), on ordinary Chernozem during 2013-2018 are presented. Research on hybrid P63LE10 showed the promise of deep loosening of the soil as the main soil tillage. It ensures, the yield of 2.2-2.5 t/ha of oilseeds after the application of fertilizers. It is established that one of the main quality indicators of oilseeds – oil content – depends on the mass of 1000 seeds, while the highest value detected on the maximum level of intensity of 51.3-51.5 g, that is  1.6-2.6 g (3,2-5,3 %) more than the rest of the studied variants. The maximum oil content is on natural fertility background – 47.8-49.2 %, which was 1.3 and 1.9 % more than in the fertilized variants. In the study of the nature of oilseeds they are revealed trends of dependence on the used means of intensification similar to the oil content of seed at a positive relationship with the crop yield (r= 0.71-0.92*). Application of mineral fertilizers in a dose NPK30 provides stabilization of productivity and quality of oil seeds in any climatic conditions year. On the basis of the obtained data they are  revealed manufacturing operations that provide high productivity and quality of seeds: the fertilizer dose NPK30, deep loosening to 25-27 cm (PCH-4.5), spring harrowing (BZSS-1.0), pre-sowing cultivation (OPO-4.25), consolidation of the soil (3kksh-6), sowing (SSTV-6), the harrowing on shoots in one track (BZSS-1.0), treatment with herbicide (Express, 50g/ha).

ADUBAÇAO ANTECIPADA COM FERTILIZANTES ORGÂNICO E MINERAL ASSOCIADO À CROTALARIAS NA CULTURA DO MILHO

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
PAULO CÉSAR TIMOSSI ◽  
HILTON ROSA DA SILVA JUNIOR ◽  
SUZETE FERNANDES LIMA ◽  
RONALDO CASTRO ◽  
DIEIMISSON PAULO ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

RESUMO- A adubação de sistema aliada à adubação verde pode aumentar a disponibilidade de nitrogênio no solo.Objetivou-se na pesquisa investigar se a disponibilidade antecipada de fertilizantes orgânico e mineral sobre o cultivode Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalaria juncea influência nas características de produção da cultura do milho. Odelineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, disposto em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, no qual o fatorA foi formado por duas espécies de adubos verdes (Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalaria juncea) e o fator B foi formadopor três formas de fertilização (PK, NPK e orgânica) e pela ausência de fertilização, com oito repetições. Foramrealizadas avaliações das características agronômicas e produtivas da cultura do milho. O número de fileiras e númerosde grãos por fileira não diferiu entre as formas de fertilização. A maior altura de plantas de milho, altura de inserçãode espiga e produtividade de grãos foi obtida na área cultivada anteriormente com C. spectabilis. A fertilização comNPK e orgânica, com cama-de-aves, resultou em maior produtividade, porém com 800 kg ha-1 de NPK, valor superiorao recomendado. Conclui-se que a antecipação de fertilização do solo, associado ao cultivo de adubos verdes é viávelpara o cultivo da cultura do milho, a C. spectabilis proporciona maior produtividade de grãos de milho em sucessãoe a adubação orgânica, com cama-de-aves, é tão eficiente quanto à adubação mineral com NPK quando antecipada.Palavras-chave: Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, cama-de-aves, adubação verde, adubação de sistema.PRE-FERTILIZATION WITH ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ASSOCIATED WITH CROTALARIES IN MAIZEABSTRACT- The fertilization of system combined with green manure can enhance the availability of soil nitrogen.This study aimed to research whether the anticipated availability of organic and mineral fertilizers in the cultivationof Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria juncea affects the characteristics of production of corn crop. The completelyrandomized design (CRD) was used, with eight replications, in factorial arrangement 2 x 4, in which the factor A wasformed by two species of green manure (Crotalaria spectabilis and Crotalaria juncea) and the factor B comprisedthree forms of fertilization (PK, NPK and organic) and the absence of fertilization. Assessments of agronomic andyield characteristics of corn crop were conducted. As conclusion,the anticipation of soil fertility, associated with greenmanure cultivation is viable for cultivation of corn crop, the C. spectabilis provides increased productivity of the corncrop, and the organic fertilization with bed of birds is as efficient as the mineral fertilization with NPK.Keywords: Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, bed-of-birds, green manure, system fertilization.

scholarly journals Yield and biometry of fertilized sugar cane with organomineral fertilizer of sewage sludge and biostimulant

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmerson Rodrigues De Moraes ◽  
Reginaldo De Camargo ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Matheus Henrique Madeiros ◽  
Felipe Garcia Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Sugarcane Stem ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

The dependence of mineral fertilizers, increasingly, has brought concern facing the increased demand and because it is a non-renewable mineral resource. The organic fertilization, exclusively, it is impractical in large scale, however, the combination of organic and mineral sources have already proved to be feasible, both from the point of view of nutrition of plants as well as in the aspect of recycling of urban and industrial waste by agriculture. This research had as objective to determine the efficiency of aorganomineral fertilizer formulated on the basis of sewage sludge in substitution of mineral fertilizer in the cultivation of sugar cane in environments with different levels of soil fertility. An experiment was conducted in greater soil fertility, in the Institute Federal Goiano– Campus, Morrinhos-GO, Brazil. The other, less soil fertility, was implanted in the ethanol industry Tijuco Valley, located in Rio do Peixe, district of Prata-MG, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 5 x 2 +1 being five doses, with and without a biostimulant plus an additional with mineral fertilization, in four replications. The doses were in function of fertilization recommendation of planting and coverage for each environment, consisting of: 100 % of the mineral source and percentage 0; 60; 80; 100 and 120 % of organomineral fertilizer. We evaluated the productivity, tillering, diameter and height of stem in Prata-MG the different percentages of the fertilization of planting favored and increased productivity, height and stem diameter of sugar cane; the use of biostimulants not contributed to increase crop yield. In Morrinhos-GO, the different percentage of planting fertilization did not increase the productivity, tillering, height and diameter of the sugarcane stem; the use of biostimulants increases the productivity yield of sugarcane. Organomineral fertilizer based on biosolids is similar to fertilization with mineral fertilizer in environments.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE SOWN AREAS STRUCTURE FOR THE STEPPE ZONE OF RSO – ALANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912
Author(s):  
D.M. Mamiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Agricultural Crops

The structure of the cultivated areas serves as the basis for the system of crop rotation, the main link in modern farming systems. The structure of sown areas and the system of crop rotations as the fundamental links of the farming system have close direct correlations and feed-backs with all other links of the farming system. On the one hand, they are fundamental, first of all, for organizing the soil protection and nature conservation of the territory, since in each farm the sown areas of agricultural crops on arable land prevail over the area of other agricultural lands. On the other hand, the system of crop rotation, which is developed on the basis of the promising structure of sown areas, is the basis for other links of the farming system. For more efficient use of arable land, increasing the yield of major agricultural crops, meeting the needs of farms with crop production, improving soil fertility, it is necessary to change the structure of sown areas taking into account the specific agro-climatic conditions of the steppe zone. There are two subzones in the considered zone: arid and moderately arid one. We have substantiated and optimized the structure of cultivated areas in order to increase soil fertility, ecological balance and productivity of agricultural landscapes for these two sub-zones of the steppe zone. For the arid sub-zone, in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 51.7%, legumes – 9.8%, fodder – 12.5%, industrial – 21%, vegetables – 5%. For the moderately arid sub-zone in the structure of sown areas, winter and spring crops should occupy 42.0%, legumes – 10.3%, corn for grain – 13.7%, fodder – 10.5%, industrial – 17.0%, vegetables – 5%, potatoes – 1.5%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tillage Methods on the Productivity of Tilled Crops and Soil Fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6590-6599
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Continuous Surface ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The article presents the results of a long-term research in establishing the share of the effect of various methods and systems of primary soil cultivation on the productivity of maize and sunflower, as well as soil fertility on the territory of the Raduga farm in the Giaginsk district of the Republic of Adygea. The studies were performed according to the following tillage systems: soil plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm (continuously (reference)); chisel soil plowing to the depth of 38 – 40 cm (continuously); surface soil tillage to the depth of 10 – 12 cm (continuously); and combined tillage system. The study has established the fact of troubled forming of the optimal maize and sunflower plant density due to the decreased germination with the loose structure of the seed layer. Improper choice of the primary tillage method, deficiency of the required density of seedlings in some years reached 20 % or more. However, after combined tillage, it reduced 1.5 – 2.0 times. During the study, by the methods of primary tillage, the lowest weed infestation of maize and sunflower was noted on the background of plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm, and was before harvesting lower by 30 – 80 % than in other tillage variants. The same regularity was observed in counting the number of pests on tilled crops. In the case of continuous surface tillage, an increase in the number of harmful larvae was noted in the variant of plowing to the depth of 25 – 27 cm — within 31 – 96 %. The highest average sunflower yield was achieved in the variant with combined (based on selection) system of soil tillage, where the growth was determined by increased fertilizer rates and ranged from 20 % (in the case of plowing) to 31 % (in the case of combined tillage). The decrease in the yield of grain maize after replacing plowing of compact chernozem with heavy disc harrowing did not exceed 8 %, and in the case of long-delayed sowin, it was at the level of 19 – 28 %.

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