scholarly journals Bit Plane Slicing Based Digital Watermarking Technique in Dwt Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-529
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Singular Matrix ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
Bit Planes ◽  
Bit Plane Slicing

Authenticity of image and its copyright protection are one of the essential application of watermarking. In this paper, a hybrid technique for watermarking in DWT domain is presented for its application in the field of providing authentication to images. In this work binary image is used as watermark and is embedded in the 'host image'. Before embedding the watermark in the host, the host image is splitted into 8 bit planes using bit plane slicing. Followed that DWT is applied to the least significant bit plane which partitions the respective plane into low frequency (LL subband) and high frequency (HH, HL and LH subbands). The SVD is applied to HH subband of least significant bit plane and watermark is embedded on the singular matrix part of SVD. To analyse the robustness of the scheme proposed in this paper, watermarked image is attacked by different image processing attacks. Original watermark and extracted watermark is compared on the scale of normalized correlation to measure the robustness of the scheme against various attacks.

Defending Multimedia Content Embedded in Online Social Networks (OSNs) Using Digital Watermarking

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-113
Author(s):  
Brij B. Gupta ◽  
Somya Rajan Sahoo ◽  
Prashant Chugh ◽  
Vijay Iota ◽  
Anupam Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
Embedded Process ◽  
The Web

In global internet usage, increasing multimedia message, which includes video, audio, images, and text documents, on the web raised a lot of consequences related to copyright. For copyright protection, authentication purpose and forgery detection digital watermarking is the robust way in social network content protection. In this technique, the privacy information is embedded inside the multimedia content like image and video. The protected content embedded inside multimedia content is called watermark-enabled information. To make more effective the process of watermarking, the content encrypted before embedding to the image. Basically, the digital watermarking embedded process implemented in two different domains called spatial and frequency domain. In spatial domain digital watermarking, the watermark information is embedded in the least significant bit of the original image on the basis of bit plane selected and on the basis of the pixels of image, embedding, and detection is performed.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Robust Digital Watermarking using Hybrid technique for Copyright Protection Digital data

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4839-4845
Author(s):  
Lakshman Ji Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Scene Detection ◽  
Design And Implementation

In this research paper, we concerned with the creation of a comprehensive digital watermarking framework based on DWT. In order to improve imperceptibility and robustness, the watermark is inserted only in chosen frames. The picked frames are the frames in which a change of scene happens. The key objective, therefore, is to detect the correct transformation of the scene. The Scene Shift Detector identifies correct frames that have been modified using the successive histogram discrepancy process. Two schemes proposed using the same method of scene detection. Both suggested schemes achieve a good watermark rating with good (PSNR) valuesThere, Because the watermark integration is done exclusively on the scene with low and high frequency DWT subbands, the image processing assaults, geometric aggressions, JPEG compression, high normalised image attacks are immune,and low-bit error rates (BER). Comparative analysis of two algorithms is also carried out.

scholarly journals Effect of Weight Factor on The Performance of Hybrid Column Wavelet Transform used for Watermarking under Various Attacks.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3997-4013 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Kekre ◽  
Tanuja Sarode ◽  
Shachi Natu
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Digital Image Watermarking ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Given ◽  
Selection Of

Digital image watermarking is aimed at copyright protection of digital images. Strength of embedded watermark plays an important role in robustness and invisibility of watermarking technique. In this paper, effect of two parameters namely, watermark strength and middle frequency coefficients of host image used for embedding watermark is studied. In the given watermarking technique, watermark is normalized before embedding. This reduces the strength of watermark so that there will be minimum possible distortion in watermarked image. However, it has been observed in our work proposed in previous paper that, such embedment responds poorly to various image processing attacks like compression, cropping, resizing, noise addition etc. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to increase the strength of embedded watermark by using suitable weight factor so that robustness of watermarking technique proposed in our previous paper is further increased with small acceptable decrease in imperceptibility. Also middle frequency elements of host image selected for embedding watermark are varied by selecting different rows of host such that slowly we move from middle frequency components towards high frequency components. For certain attacks like image cropping, selection of middle frequency coefficients affects the robustness achieved. Increase in weight factor significantly improves the performance of given watermarking technique by more than 50% as proposed in our previous paper where weight factor value was 25.

scholarly journals Bit Plane Slicing, Wavelet and Polynomials Mixing for Image Compression

2019 ◽  
pp. 2497-2505
Author(s):  
Rana Talib Al-Timimi
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Image Compression ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Lossless Image Compression ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
High Compression ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
Bit Plane Slicing

     This paper introduced a hybrid technique for lossless image compression of natural and medical images; it is based on integrating the bit plane slicing and Wavelet transform along with a mixed polynomial of linear and non linear base. The experiments showed high compression performance with fully grunted reconstruction.

scholarly journals Security Analysis of Bit plane Level Image Encryption Schemes

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
Ram Ratan ◽  
Arvind Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Mobile Environments ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
Bit Planes

A selective bit-plane encryption scheme was proposed for securing the transmission of image data in mobile environments with a claim that it provides a high security viz. the encryption of the four most significant bit-planes is sufficient for a high image data security. This paper presents the security analysis of the said encryption scheme and reports new important results. We perform the security analysis of the bit-level encryption by considering the normal images and their histogram equalised enhanced images. We consider different bit-plane aspects to analyse the security of the image encryption, and show that the encryption of the four most significant bit-planes is not adequate. The contents of the images can be obtained even when all the bit-planes except one least significant bit-plane are encrypted in the histogram equalised images as shown in the results. The bit-plane level security analysis seems very useful for the analysis of the bit-plane level image encryption schemes.

Optimal Bit Plane Arrangement for Image Size-Performance Tradeoff

2013 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Gwang Gil Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binary Signal ◽  
Plane Image ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Bit Planes ◽  
Performance Tradeoff

This paper discusses the issue of tradeoff between image size and performance in PSNR on bit plane image. A bit plane of a digital discrete signal is a set of bits indicate a presented bit plane in each of the binary numbers depicting the image. Image can be converted into a series of binary signal by shattering them up into their bit planes. The 0thbit plane is the least significant bit and the last bit plane is the most significant bit. Experimental results show that the best tradeoff is using the third to the seventh bit planes.

Zero Watermarking Method Based on Enhanced Bit-Plane

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1473-1476
Author(s):  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Bin Feng Yang ◽  
Xiao Yun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cellular Neural Network ◽  
Watermark Image ◽  
Host Image ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Hardware Realization ◽  
Lifting Wavelet ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
Zero Watermarking

Traditional watermark embedding introduces inevitably some perceptible quality degradation of the host image. Another problem is the inherent conflict between imperceptibility and robustness. However, the zero-watermarking technique can extract some essential characteristics from the host image and use them for watermark registration and detection. The original image was decomposed into series of multiscale and directional subimages after lifting wavelet transformation (LWT). The high order bit-plane of low-frequency subimage and watermark image are inputs of the cellular neural network (CNN), and the zero-watermarking registration image is the output. To investigate and improve the security and robustness, the original watermark and registration image are scrambled or encrypted. The watermark image can be extracted from the secret image. This algorithm is simple and robust. The proposed method is also simple for hardware realization.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

SEM image sharpness analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

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