scholarly journals Deconstructivism in Philosophy, Architecture, and Reusability Contribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
John Barsoum
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Critical Methodology ◽  
Literary Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Second World ◽  
Critical Movement

Interest in philosophy and the humanities increased after the Second World War, especially in the West, as the critical movement began to reconsider the Western intellectual and philosophical heritage, and emerged approaches known as” postmodernism“, as critical foundations of Western cultural thought, and a product of that cultural and cognitive movement known as” postmodernism"; the concept of postmodernism, which is central This term is associated with a very diverse group that is rarely associated with each other with common things. The idea of postmodernism appears in a critique of the literary and philosophical trends on which modernism was based, and some theorists and philosophers believe that postmodernism is closely related to the social and political transformations that took place in industrial societies such as the postindustrial or knowledge society. Deconstruction is important critical movement as well as controversial, and no theory in literary criticism has provoked waves of admiration and created a state of aversion and resentment as well, as deconstruction has done in contemporary literary thought. Deconstruction emerged in the 1960s as a reaction to structuralism, the dominance of language, the centralization of the mind, and the dominance of linguistics over all fields of knowledge, and from the 1970s deconstruction became a literary critical methodology, and a mechanism for evaluating rhetoric and interpretation. Deconstructionism is mainly a critique of the structural proposition, which has been working to reveal the basic structures responsible for the most noticeable features of social and cultural interaction, since deconstructionism consistently negates the meaning in the text system and analyzes the margins, gaps, expectations, contradictions and conclusions within the texts, as formulations that contribute to the disclosure of the background of language and structure.

scholarly journals Writing the sixties

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Οικονομίδου
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
British Society ◽  
John Fowles ◽  
Margaret Drabble ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The 1960S

This thesis examines how changes in gender relations occurring in the British society of the 1960s were depicted in the fiction of the period. In particular, it analyses the specific gender representations found in the work of Kingsley Amis, John Fowles and Margaret Drabble. By locating the major differences in the way gender is inscribed in the work of the above authors it raises the question of the role of the gender and ideological position of the writers in the establishment of their perspective. The analysis revolves round the central question of the relation between literature and its context. Therefore, it situates the novels in question within the social, ideological and literary context of the time when they were produced and, through a detailed textual analysis, it delineates the multiple and complex ways in which the particular fictions engage with their context. The first chapter offers an account of the social and ideological context of the sixties by concentrating on three particular areas: legislative changes, ideological debates and the emergence of radical movements. The second chapter establishes the critical perspective from which the novels are approached by situating it within the broader framework of contemporary schools of feminist literary criticism. The third, fourth and fifth chapters are devoted to a textual analysis of three major novels by each of the three authors.

scholarly journals Slovene critics on Sinclair Lewis's novels

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Vanja Avsenak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Sinclair Lewis ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The purpose of this article is to present the reception of Sinclair Lewis's novels by Slovene critics. Initially, the article focuses on the life and workof Sinclair Lewis, giving special emphasis to social influences that made the author a representative figure in the literary and social world. Thus his works are nowadays to be understood primarily as fiction, but on the other hand also as sociological documents of a social and political situation of the period between the two world wars. Generally, the effect they produce is one of a critical discussion of the nation of the United States. When speaking of the social relevance that Lewis's novels have, it is obvious that his works are the portrayals of Americans and their deficiencies. At the time of their publication Lewis's novels received unfavourable criticism on accountof his overly open pro-European attitude and Slovene critics of the period before World War II emphasise this in much detail. It was precisely this anti-American propaganda in the novels themselves and sincerity on the part of the novelist that won the European critics as well as the readers whenit came to appreciating his works. However, Lewis's view of the Americans, as presented throughout his works, only enhanced his literary credibility as a modern writer. That is why the articles by Slovene critics that appeared after the Second World War, and even more significantly after Lewis's death, almost minutely reflect a more favourable attitude to Sinclair Lewis, which was also the case with foreign literary criticism of the post-war period. Critics still discuss the qualities and flaws of Lewis's novels, but being more lenient they no longer profess that the novels lack in artistic value. They remain, however, primarily relevant as social documents of the pre- and post-war era, which fully presented the American middle-class mentality in America and elsewhere. For this reason, the Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to Sinclair Lewis in 1930 seems duly justified. It signifies appreciation and respect that the American and European readers as well as critics used to have and still have for Sinclair Lewis. Therefore, it is no surprise that his novels are being translated in several foreign languages even in modern times.

British Social Policy and the Second World War

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Bentley B. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
The Social ◽  
Plaster Bandage ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Bernard Shaw ◽  
Second World

Writing just before the outbreak of the Second World War, Joseph Schumpeter remarked that English socialism, in contrast to European socialism, was at bottom an ethical creed. For socialist intellectuals, the Fabians for instance, there was no difference between slums and the House of Lords. Both were bad things and ought to be eliminated. I do not suggest that by the time Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy was published in 1942 this was by any means a new idea. The briefest survey of the speeches or writings of George Lansbury or James Keir Hardie, not to mention those of the Webbs and Bernard Shaw, would show the same attitude. They dwelt less in terms of the people's need than of the people's rights. By and large, they talked not of what could be done, but of what should be done. Accordingly, they sneered at the social legislation of the New Liberalism as a plaster bandage which did nothing to heal the working man's wounds, but made them hurt less. They saw clearly that national insurance and old age pensions were prompted less by recognition of the moral imperative behind the public welfare than by fear on the part of the nation's rulers of a politically aroused working class which might effect a parliamentary revolution through the agency of the Labour party, or, indeed, after the war, a violent revolutionThe only criticism that need be made of Schumpeter's analysis of the extent of the permeation of English socialism is that he did not see by the end of the 1930s how far it had gone. My own research suggests that by the time of the outbreak of the second World War, socialism — or social justice in the sense that the physical and economic welfare of the ordinary citizen was the unquestioned responsibility of the state — had become the creed of the ordinary English citizen. He took for granted that it was society's business to support him when unemployed and that in old age the state should provide him with a pension. Sidney Webb's national minimum had become part of the ethical furniture of the mind of the working man.

The reaction against conventional knowledge in higher education

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Liberal Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – Liberal education should consist of a healthy dynamic of mastering and transcending received traditions. This paper aims to discuss this point. Design/methodology/approach – This article discusses the inherent tension between the concepts of “liberal” and “education,” where “education” involves imparting conventional knowledge and “liberal” involves freeing the mind from it. Findings – With the rise of the social sciences and the maturation of the baby-boomers, higher education in the twentieth century gained a general bias against traditional knowledge. This bias is reflected in higher education becoming more jobs oriented, more ideological, and relativistic in values. Practical implications – Higher education should consist of greater integration of historical aspects of education pushed aside in the twentieth-century while continuing its transformation through new scientific research, making twenty-first century education more genuinely liberal. Originality/value – The required transformation will be difficult for many baby-boomers now in positions of authority in higher education who rejected conventional knowledge in the 1960s.

scholarly journals Between Statistics, Demography, and Monographic Research: GH. Retegan (1916–1998), A(Nother) Sociologist Without A Sociology

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Doboş
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

AbstractBy exploring the professional trajectory of sociologist Gheorghe (George) Retegan (1916–1998), this article addresses the epistemological and personal reconfigurations of the field of social sciences in post-war Romania, highlighting the complex relations and professional rivalries in the field after the Second World War, and their consequences for social knowledge. My study explores Retegan’s published and unpublished works, archival documents, and an interview that Z. Rostás conducted with Retegan in the 1990s. I analyse three research ventures relevant for understanding Retegan’s professional trajectory and methodological choices: the 1948–1950 family budget research that Retegan coordinated at the Central Institute for Statistics; the 1957–1959 monographic research he coordinated at the Institute for Economic Research; and his “farewell” to sociology and specialization in demography beginning in the 1960s. My article documents Retegan’s remarkable capacity to develop research by way of formulating new questions, methodologies, and techniques, on the basis of the main elements of empirical research he learned during his training in sociology under the supervision of Anton Golopenția. Retegan’s contributions to the field of empirical social research suggest how a context that was generally unfavourable for the development of social sciences (1948–1965) could be used in a creative way for the study of the social world. Epistemologically, the survival and even innovation of empirical research under unfavourable ideological and political conditions made possible the rehabilitation of sociology as a discipline in the much more favourable context of the second half of the 1960s.

The sociology of everyday life: A research program on contemporary sociality

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ghisleni
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World ◽  
New Phase

‘Everyday life’ is a sphere of social relations that has gained increasing attention. The rediscovery of the ‘ordinary’, stimulated by the so-called ‘sociologies of everyday life’ during the 1960s–1990s, has reshaped the subject matter itself of the discipline. This article reviews the intellectual experience represented by the 1960s–1990s sociologies of everyday life. Through comparison with the normative structuralism of Durkheim and Parsons, the most influential sociological version of structuralism in the period immediately after the Second World War, the intention is to pursue two main goals. First, to establish the ‘scientific attitude’ and ‘research program’ developed by such sociologies. Second, to explain why the time has come for the sociologies of everyday life to begin a new phase – in particular given that the present technologization of everyday cultures has changed the order itself of interaction through the advent of a ‘mass knowledge society’.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Ken Russell's Wartime Imagery

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
War Films ◽  
Personal Style ◽  
American Cinema ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World ◽  
Wartime Experience ◽  
National Experience

This article traces Ken Russell's explorations of war and wartime experience over the course of his career. In particular, it argues that Russell's scattered attempts at coming to terms with war, the rise of fascism and memorialisation are best understood in terms of a combination of Russell's own tastes and personal style, wider stylistic and thematic trends in Euro-American cinema during the 1960s and 1970s, and discourses of collective national experience. In addition to identifying Russell's recurrent techniques, this article focuses on how the residual impacts of the First and Second World Wars appear in his favoured genres: literary adaptations and composer biopics. Although the article looks for patterns and similarities in Russell's war output, it differentiates between his First and Second World War films by indicating how he engages with, and temporarily inhabits, the stylistic regime of the enemy within the latter group.

Mind Bending, Mental Seduction and Menticide: Brainwashing in British Spy Dramas of the 1960s

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Burton
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Thought Control ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Mind Control ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cultural Fantasy

Brainwashing assumed the proportions of a cultural fantasy during the Cold War period. The article examines the various political, scientific and cultural contexts of brainwashing, and proceeds to a consideration of the place of mind control in British spy dramas made for cinema and television in the 1960s and 1970s. Particular attention is given to the films The Mind Benders (1963) and The Ipcress File (1965), and to the television dramas Man in a Suitcase (1967–8), The Prisoner (1967–8) and Callan (1967–81), which gave expression to the anxieties surrounding thought-control. Attention is given to the scientific background to the representations of brainwashing, and the significance of spy scandals, treasons and treacheries as a distinct context to the appearance of brainwashing on British screens.

The Political and Aesthetic Power of the Everyday in Beckett's Happy Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Julie Bates
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Last Man ◽  
Second World

Happy Days is contemporaneous with a number of seminal contributions to the concept of the everyday in postwar France. This essay suggests that the increasingly constrained verbal and physical routines performed by its protagonist Winnie constitute a portrait of the everyday, and goes on to trace the affinities between Beckett's portrait and several formulations of the concept, with particular emphasis on the pronounced gendering of the everyday in many of these theories. The essay suggests the aerial bombings of the Second World War and methods of torture during the Algerian War as potential influences for Beckett's play, and draws a comparison with Marlen Haushofer's 1963 novel The Wall, which reimagines the Romantic myth of The Last Man as The Last Woman. It is significant, however, that the cataclysmic event that precedes the events of Happy Days remains unnamed. This lack of specificity, I suggest, is constitutive of the menace of the play, and has ensured that the political as well as aesthetic power of Happy Days has not dated. Indeed, the everyday of its sentinel figure posted in a blighted landscape continues to articulate the fears of audiences, for whom the play may resonate today as a staging of twenty-first century anxiety about environmental crisis. The essay concludes that in Happy Days we encounter an isolated female protagonist who contrives from scant material resources and habitual bodily rhythms a shelter within a hostile environment, who generates, in other words, an everyday despite the shattering of the social and temporal framework that conventionally underpin its formation. Beckett's play in this way demonstrates the political as well as aesthetic power of the everyday in a time of crisis.

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