Critical positions: Situating critical perspectives in work and organizational psychology

This paper argues that critical perspectives have constituted a marginal yet continued presence in work and organizational (W-O) psychology and calls for a reflexive taking stock of these perspectives to ground a critical research agenda. We argue that critical W-O psychology has been positioned between a psychology literature with limited development of critical perspectives, and an emergent critical management literature that has allowed their selective development. This in-between position has allowed critical W-O psychology to persist, albeit in a fragmented form, while limiting its potential for theoretical and applied impact. We use this diagnosis to reflect on how critical perspectives can best develop from within W-O psychology. We end with a call for developing a critical movement unique to the current historical moment, drawing upon without repeating the experiences of its home disciplines, in a future oriented and reflexive psychology research agenda.

Deconstructivism in Philosophy, Architecture, and Reusability Contribution

Interest in philosophy and the humanities increased after the Second World War, especially in the West, as the critical movement began to reconsider the Western intellectual and philosophical heritage, and emerged approaches known as” postmodernism“, as critical foundations of Western cultural thought, and a product of that cultural and cognitive movement known as” postmodernism"; the concept of postmodernism, which is central This term is associated with a very diverse group that is rarely associated with each other with common things. The idea of postmodernism appears in a critique of the literary and philosophical trends on which modernism was based, and some theorists and philosophers believe that postmodernism is closely related to the social and political transformations that took place in industrial societies such as the postindustrial or knowledge society. Deconstruction is important critical movement as well as controversial, and no theory in literary criticism has provoked waves of admiration and created a state of aversion and resentment as well, as deconstruction has done in contemporary literary thought. Deconstruction emerged in the 1960s as a reaction to structuralism, the dominance of language, the centralization of the mind, and the dominance of linguistics over all fields of knowledge, and from the 1970s deconstruction became a literary critical methodology, and a mechanism for evaluating rhetoric and interpretation. Deconstructionism is mainly a critique of the structural proposition, which has been working to reveal the basic structures responsible for the most noticeable features of social and cultural interaction, since deconstructionism consistently negates the meaning in the text system and analyzes the margins, gaps, expectations, contradictions and conclusions within the texts, as formulations that contribute to the disclosure of the background of language and structure.

Natural Childbirth Movement in Hungary

As the behavior science, preventive approach and health-oriented worldview gradually permeate the whole of medicine, transformations in obstetrics are occurring slowly all around the world. The technocratic character of the medical approach to obstetrics strives to keep the intrinsically natural process under total control of medicine, which has provoked the emergence of the critical movement known as the natural birth movement. However, this generic term is only used theoretically in Hungary because the movement is yet to develop a single base that would bring together its separate units. One of the most important units of the natural birth movement is the doulas community which, after twenty years of differentiation, is seeking possibilities for cooperation, joint action and representation of natural childbirth. In this article, I would like to discuss this process, which reachesbeyond its own frameworks – since it affects not merely the quality of obstetrics but also modern and post-modern definitions of health and disease, the system of power, gender roles, distribution of knowledge, the relationship between nature and technology, as well as the long-term problem of the quality of life within the society – significant questions not only for Hungary.

Walking decolonially with Nick Shepherd

Decolonial Linguistics can be described as an intellectual critical movement that, according to Buaventura de Sousa Santos (2018), aims to end the Western “cognitive empire.” This chapter argues that even though it is not hard to document this type of coloniality in linguistics, not all of the inadequacies of the state of the art about languages of former European colonies need be associated with coloniality. As so often, the situation is complex. However, the idea of decolonial linguistics is important for current practice: it allows scholars to reduce the Western bias and hegemony in how languages of the global South and the (socio)linguistic behaviours of their speakers/writers are analysed.

The Impact of the Western Occupation on the Cultural Rooting of Modern Arabic Critical Movement: Ahmad Dayf, Taha Husain, and Mohammad Mandour as a Model

This study aims to investigate the retreat of the critical Arab mind by examining selected stances of three Arab modern critics: Ahmad Dayf, Taha Husain, and Mohammad Mandour. The study highlights the relationship between the culture and colonization to reach to determine three concepts: culture, orientalism and reformation. Thus, the effects of these concepts on intellectual retreat. Furthermore, the current study discusses the negative role of the universities and the necessity of changing their teaching methods in order to establish liberal criticism free of the other's dependency.

The Need for a Theory of Children’s and YA Adaptation

Serving primarily as an introduction, chapter one has two functions: explaining binary polarization and suggesting why scholars will benefit from thinking about children’s adapted film in a new way. This first chapter defines key terms, describing how film adaptations widen the divide between concepts to rework power structures. Chapter one explores why, even in the face of a critical movement away from fidelity-based studies, scholars are still drawn to hierarchical approaches, and in particular, why there may exist a particularly strong pull toward this kind of study in children’s and YA criticism. As such, chapter one not only articulates the text’s theory of children’s and YA adaptation, but also explains the need for such an approach.

Spain

This chapter analyses the influence of Franco Basaglia and the organization ‘Psichiatria Democrática’ on the Spanish critical movements. These movements appeared in 1971 and were organized through a clandestine group known as the ‘Psychiatric Coordinator’. This organization linked professionals (mainly young psychiatrists) who had initiated innovative experiences in various psychiatric hospitals. These developments generated conflict when opposing the norms of the dictatorship. From 1975, and especially after the approval of the 1978 Constitution, the critical movement was a force for change in mental health structures in Spain, through the established organization, the Spanish Association of Neuropsychiatry. This effort made it possible to generate the psychiatric reform in 1985 that advocated community mental health and deinstitutionalization policies. Franco Basaglia began his contacts with the Spanish critical professionals in 1970, and the relationship was maintained periodically until 1980, the year of his death.

Burning the straw man: What exactly is psychological science?

Problemification: Efendic and Van Zyl (2019) argue for following open access-based principles in IO psychology following the recent crises in psychological research. Among others, these refer to the failure to replicate empirical studies which cast doubt on the trustworthiness of what we believe to be psychological knowledge. However, saving knowledge is not the issue at stake: focusing on transparency and compliance to standards might solve some problems but not all.Implications: The crisis focuses our attention on what science is and particularly science in psychology and its related disciplines. Both the scientist–practitioner model of training psychologists and the quantitative–qualitative methods polarity reveal the influence of the received or positivistic view of science as characterised by quantification and measurement. Postmodern resistance to positivism feeds these polarities and conceals the true nature of psychological science.Purpose: This article argues for a realist conception of science that sustains a variety of methods, from interpretative and constructionist approaches to measurement. However, in this view, measurement is not a defining characteristic of science, but a way to find things out and the latter supports a critical process.Recommendations: Revising our understanding of science, thus moving beyond the received view to a realist one, is crucial to manage misconceptions about what counts as knowledge and as appropriate measures when our discipline is in the crossfire. Thus, Efendic and Van Zyl’s (2019) proposals make sense and can be taken on board where measurement as one of the ways to find things out is appropriate. However, realism supports a broader enterprise that can be called scientific because it involves a critical movement of claim and counter-claim while executing its taxonomical and explanatory tasks. Thus, the psychosocial researcher, when analysing discourse, for example, can also be regarded as a scientist.

Headway of a Program for Grading of Fruits by using Image Handling Technique

Agribusiness is one of the best cash related divisions and it anticipate the critical movement in monetary movement of India. Aftereffects of the soil are fundamental for the sound life. Regular things are the ideal hotspots for furnishing our body with all the fundamental upgrades and enhancements. There are different mixes of normal things at any rate Apple is one of the monetarily and socially all around essential characteristic thing adjusts and contributes all together to human well ordered use. Still to review the standard evaluation of basic things is performed by human specialists, which is viewed as tedious, dismal, work concentrated and extravagant. So there is an essential for robotized structure for right, energetic and quality normal things assessing. In this, method utilized for evaluating of apple normal thing utilizing the RGB picture and apple are surveyed dependent on their outside surface. With a definitive target to evaluating a round ordinary thing, we clear different outside fragment of a characteristic thing like shading, shape, check and Surface. The framework utilizes RGB photographs of the typical thing. From these picture, it subsequently evacuate the outer highlights of the characteristic thing Based on the removed highlights it packs regular thing into two requests. The social occasion of apple trademark thing utilizing the expelled highlights is finished with the assistance of help vector machines (SVMs), organize is done and discovered exactness of 100%.