scholarly journals A Research of Embroidery Industry in Medieval Bengal (13th -17th Century)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 998-1000
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
The People

The article essays at bringing together the knowledge of embroidery productions in medieval Bengal as derived from various sources such as local, Persian and travellers account. An attempt has been made to identify embroidery productions and its demands in internal and external markets as well as impact on economic life of the people of Bengal. About the embroidery industry during the period under study still exists a gap requiring an inquisitive research which will reveal the exact or near to exact scenario with respect to these aspects of non-agrarian economy so, this study is an attempt to answer such questions, mainly on the evidences provided by foreign traveller’s records, Persian sources, and other contemporary’ records.

Eschatology and Religiosity of the People in Russia in the 17th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Gurianova
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

The article studies the religiosity of Russian population in the 17th century in order to find out the type of this state of public mind. Special attention is drawn to the acuteness of eschatological expectations in society, which intensified during periods of crises. After the Time of Troubles (Smuta), the Church, trying to bring society out of the spiritual crisis, had been exploiting the “end of the world” topic through publishing relevant texts. This trend was especially noticeable during the time of Patriarch Joseph. The decision of the Moscow Printing House (Pechatnyi Dvor) to extend the amount of eschatological publications was determined not only by the direction of church policy, but also by the request in society, the desire of the population to get a more complete picture of the Christian teaching about the ultimate destinies of the world and man, since the spiritual crisis had presupposed an increase of apocalyptic moods. This desire indicates that the population was characterized by the religiosity of the medieval type. The article scrutinizes in particular the 2nd half of the 17th century, which modern researchers rightly designate as the early Modern era. In a society with such a keen perception of the time, the church reform, initiated in the middle of the century by Patriarch Nikon, was naturally not supported by a part of the population. In the interpretation of the defenders of the Old Belief, the actions of the reformers turned into clear signs of the advent of the kingdom of Antichrist, as it was prophesied in Christian teaching. It was not some peculiarity of the worldview of the opponents of church reform, their behavior adjusted the religiosity of the epoch. To justify these thoughts the position of Patriarch Nikon could be mentioned. Nikon found himself in a situation of disapproval and, arguing to be wrongfully convicted and misunderstood, he also used the eschatological doctrine. Based on the analysis of such facts, the article concludes that the 2nd half of the 17th century was characterized by religiosity of the medieval type.

scholarly journals PERPINDAHAN PEMUKIMAN MASYARAKAT BAJO DARI PULAU MASUDU SULAWESI TENGGARA (Moving of Bajo Community Settlement From Masudu Island, South East Sulawesi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Simon Sirua Sarapang
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
External Data ◽  
The People ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Stages

The movement of people from one area to another can improve the structure of community settlements and socio-economic structures. This paper aims to determine the background of the settlement of the Bajo people from Masudu Island to the coast of Liano Village, the process of relocating the Bajo Community from Masudu Island to the coast of Liano Village, the settlement pattern of the Bajo Community, the socio-economic life of the Bajo community. Data collection consists of three types of study documents, interviews, and observations. The collected data is verified by two stages, namely: verification of internal data, and verification of external data. The next stage is the stage of interpretation which consists of analysis and synthesis. The results showed that the background of the movement of the Bajo people in Liano Village was a factor in the damage to houses due to strong winds and tides, the government policy of inadequate Bajo community income. The process of moving the Bajo community was carried out in stages, starting with the people who lived in the western part of Masudu Island in 1999, by crossing the sea and some people carrying home tools on Masudu Island. The pattern of settlement of Bajo people in the neighborhood Liano village is linearly following the highway with the distance between houses close together. The socio-economic life of the Bajo community in Liano Village is the creation of interactions with other communities on the land and the availability of infrastructure for the Bajo people so that they facilitate activities. ABSTRAK Perpindahan penduduk dari satu daerah ke daerah lainnya dapat memperbaiki struktur pemukiman masyarakat dan struktur sosial ekonomi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latarbelakang perpindahan pemukiman Masyarakat Bajo dari Pulau Masudu ke pesisir pantai Desa Liano, proses perpindahan pemukiman Masyarakat Bajo dari Pulau Masudu ke pesisir pantai Desa Liano, pola pemukiman Masyarakat Bajo, kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Bajo. Pengumpulan data terdiri dari tiga jenis yaitustudi dokumen, wawancara, dan observasi. Data yang telah dikumpulkan tersebut dilakukan verifikasi yang terdiri dari dua tahap yakni: verifikasi data internal, dan verifikasi data eksternal. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah tahap interpretasi yang terdiri dari analisis dan sintesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa latar belakang perpindahan masyarakat Bajo di Desa Liano adalah faktor kerusakan rumah akibat angin kencang dan pasang air laut, kebijakan pemerintah penghasilan masyarakat bajo yang kurang mencukupi. Proses perpindahan masyarakat Bajo dilakukan secara bertahap yang diawali masyarakat yang tinggal di bagian Barat Pulau Masudu pada tahun 1999, dengan menyebrangi laut dan sebagian masyarakat membawa perkakas rumah yang ada di Pulau Masudu. Pola pemukiman masyarakat Bajo di Lingkungan Desa Liano berbentuk linear mengikuti jalan raya dengan jarak antara rumah saling berdekatan. Kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Bajo di Desa Liano adalah terciptanya interaksi dengan masyarakat lain yang ada di darat serta tersedianya prasarana bagi masyarakat Bajo sehingga mempermudah mereka dalam berbagai aktivitas.

ASPECTS OF THE THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE FOLK AND FOLK STAGE DANCE OF ALTAI

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Ilya N. Zuev ◽  
◽  
Igor L. Musukhranov ◽  
Ekaterina G. Romanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Dance Culture ◽  
The People

The development of Altai dance is closely related to the history of the Altai people. Modern Altai people, like other Turkic peoples of Southern Siberia, have not preserved traditional dances in the form in which they were performed in everyday life. The reason for this was that the art of dance has a spatially – temporal character and it is difficult to record it. It is necessary in the analysis of folk dance to use the instrumentation of all fields of art science, to apply a systemic and interdisciplinary approach. It is in this that the authors see a further research horizon. In modern conditions, when the self-consciousness of each people increases, choreographic art, as part of the spiritual culture of the people, responds to all the events of life. The relevance of this study is due to the modern trend of the revival of the national and cultural heritage of the Altai Republic. One of the pressing problems of modern choreography, its theoretical understanding, is the study of the origins of folk stage dance. The fact that lacunae exist in this area of historical and cultural knowledge is evidenced by the lack of textbooks, incomplete complexes of educational and methodological literature. Choreographers, both in the educational process and in staging practice, are faced with the need for a clear theoretical design, the development of a scientific apparatus in this matter. In folk dance, closely connected with the life and life of the people, the peculiarities of its character, feelings, temperament, manner of artistic thinking are especially pronounced, that is, a kind of “choreographic portrait of the nation” is created. Folk dance, plastically expresses ethnic historical experience, is a kind of artistic embodiment of the historical memory of the nation, and thus affects the strengthening of national identity. The importance of the theoretical understanding of folklore in the development of choreography (as in musical or decorative art) is difficult to overestimate. He is a source of ideas, expressive means, often becomes an aesthetic standard in the creative activities of the modern choreographer. The national identity of the dance culture of the people is connected with the stable historical community of language, territory, economic life, psychological warehouse, culture of life, customs and traditions. National art bears both the originality of what it reflects and how it reflects. All this is reflected in folk dance, affects the nature of plastic. From here, the dances of one people are not similar to those of another, and even one ethnic group, divided geographically, dances differ. For example, Russian folk dance has common features characteristic of Russian dance in general, but at the same time it also has bright regional features. Dance culture in geographically distant territories varies in character, manner of performance, and originality of drawing, and subject matter. The main difficulty in studying this issue is the difficulty of “translating” the plastic language into speech discourse. Hence the difficulty in fixing and writing the description of choreography. There may be discrepancies and misinterpretations of the records of researchers of the past due to the lack of an agreed methodology and categorical apparatus.

How Social Numbers Are Made Valid

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Standardized Examinations ◽  
A Company ◽  
Life Work ◽  
Administrative Actions

This chapter explains that, as with the methods of natural science, the quantitative technologies used to investigate social and economic life work best if the world they aim to describe can be remade in their image. Numbers alone never provide enough information to make detailed decisions about the operation of a company. Their highest purpose is to instill an ethic. Measures of profitability — measures of achievement in general — succeed to the degree they become “technologies of the soul.” They provide legitimacy for administrative actions, in large part because they provide standards against which people judge themselves. Grades in school, scores on standardized examinations, and the bottom line on an accounting sheet cannot work effectively unless their validity, or at least reasonableness, is accepted by the people whose accomplishments or worth they purport to measure. When it is, the measures succeed by giving direction to the very activities that are being measured. In this way, individuals are made governable; they display what Foucault called governmentality. Numbers create and can be compared with norms, which are among the gentlest and yet most pervasive forms of power in modern democracies.

Policy Directions and Presidential Leadership: Alternative Interpretations of the 1980 Presidential Election

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren E. Miller ◽  
J. Merrill Shanks
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The People ◽  
National Defence

As the Reagan administration neared the end of its first full year in office, interpretations of the meaning of the 1980 presidential election were still as varied as the political positions of analysts and commentators. The politically dominant interpretation, promoted by the new administration and its supporters, was that the election provided a mandate to bring about several fundamental changes in the role of government in American social and economic life. In recommendations whose scope had not been matched since the first days of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, the Reagan administration set about responding to what it understood to be popular demands for reduced government spending and taxes, expansion of the national defence establishment, limitation of environmental protection in favour of the development of energy resources, and a myriad of other tasks designed to encourage free enterprise by ‘getting government off the backs of the people’. With varying degrees of enthusiasm for the new administration's programmes, scores of Democratic politicians shared the interpretation of Reagan's victory as a new electoral mandate which rejected many of the fundamental policies of Democratic administrations from Roosevelt to Carter. This interpretation of the ‘meaning’ of the 1980 election was expressed by Democratic congressmen of many political colours who decried the bankruptcy of their own leadership and affirmed the victor's sense of mandate by supporting the President's various legislative programmes.

scholarly journals Institutions and rural economy in Rolpa district of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Shiba Raj Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Common People ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academic Debate

This paper aims to analyze a pertinent academic debate pragmatically whether institutions assist in promoting life standard and betterment of the common people or they act just as an instrument to perpetuate poverty and fulfill the interest of vested group. To accomplish this task, Marxist, Post-Marxist theories are taken into consideration in order to indicate how an institution or the process of institutionalization as such is debated and perceived in social science academia. Likewise, the research also uses the popular research methodology of pragmatism which focuses on data collection, analysis and field study. The research is conducted in Sunil Smirti Gaupalika (Rural Municipality) of Rolpa district and focuses on the role of institutions in order to transform particularly the economic life of the people. The research divides institutions into two parts. The first one includes the governmental local institution Gaupalika. The second part includes INGO/NGOs. This division enables to decipher and historicize what these government and non government institutions have done independently and collectively to uplift the life of target group. The research finds that INGO/NGOs and locals institution in the remote village like Sunil Smirti Gaupalika have played significant roles on uniting the economically poor and make individual and collective efforts to fight against poverty. They work to find out the poor and economically weak section of the society by setting target group, generating the awareness and providing conductive environment for putting collective effort in their fight against poverty to a certain extent. Therefore, these two types of institutions have been found tremendously supportive in uniting what Marx calls “have-nots” of Sunil Smirti Gaupalika. However, the research also finds that mostly Brahmin/Chhetri communities have been benefitted by these programs. In comparison the ratio of economic growth between Brahmin-Chhetri community and Janjati community-Dalit community, the first one is found to be accelerating whereas the second one is slower and sluggish.

scholarly journals Hidden, Unwanted or Simply Forgotten? A Bioarchaeological Profile of the Subačius Street 41 Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 116-138
Author(s):  
Justina Kozakaitė ◽  
Žydrūnė Miliauskienė
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The People ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Source Of Information

In 2014–2015, an unknown 16th–17th-century cemetery was discovered at the Subačius Street 41 plot in Vilnius. The uncovered human remains are considered to be one of the most abundant and best-preserved anthropological material in the territory of present-day Vilnius. Paradoxically, historical sources do not mention this burial site, although the abundance of the interred individuals does not imply an accidental burial, but perhaps a functioning cemetery for some time. In such exceptional cases, the only source of information is the synthesis of archaeological and anthropological research data.This article presents preliminary results and a brief overview of bioarchaeological (demographic, paleopathological, and dental research, height reconstruction) investigation. A total of 151 individuals were studied, with almost half (45%) of them consisting of children. Almost 60% of the individuals had one or more pathological lesions. The average height of male individuals was estimated 168.2 cm, the average height of females was 157.8 cm. The aim of this study can be defined as twofold: an attempt to identify the people buried outside the city walls and systematize for the first time the bioarchaeological data of one-out-of-many Vilnius populations. Currently, the Subačius Street 41 population does not resemble a typical urban community, so the study itself is the first attempt to reveal the osteobiography of these 16th–17th century Vilnius residents.

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