scholarly journals Electric field Analysis of Water Electrodes for Noninvasive Pulsed Electric field Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1210-1214
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Liquid Food

Electroporation is an effective phenomenon of inactivating viable pathogens present in the liquid food for pulsed electric field (PEF) applications. It is a technique which depends on applied electric field strength for causing pores on cell plasma membrane. The various parameters which affect the electroporation efficacy are, the electric field intensity, pulse width, number of pulses, pulse interval and the electrode. The electrode provides a contact between the high voltage pulse generator and the liquid food, and it plays an important role in getting the required inactivation outcome. The electric field distribution varies based on electrode designs. Parallel plate electrodes are generally used due to the uniform electric field it delivers in the inactivation area, where high possibility of microbial inactivation will occur. This paper analyses the effectiveness of round edged parallel plate electrodes immersed in water which provides uniform electric field distribution in the inactivation area. Analyses have been performed on electric field distribution through four kinds of materials such as glass, alumina, quartz and plexiglass, which contains these electrodes in the center filled with sterile water. The electrodes are circular, and edge smoothened and hence the field distribution is also analyzed on electrode edges. The distance between the electrodes including the surface material is kept at 5 mm. The diameter of the electrodes are 40 mm and the electric field simulations are implemented in ANSYS MAXWELL v 15.0. Based on results it is reported that alumina required less peak voltage for generating 20 kV/cm field strength (nominal field required for bacterial inactivation) when compared with other materials. Also alumina exhibited less reduction of field travelling through it, and resulted in 82% of field application in the inactivation area which is comparatively higher than other materials. The results indicate that alumina is highly recommended for future noninvasive pulsed electric field applications.

scholarly journals Resolution of electric field distribution and conductivity in a non-uniform electric field: A teaching proposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mustafa Erol ◽  
İldahan Özdeyiş Çolak
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Field Lines

This work offers an alternative teaching proposal for the instruction of challenging concepts of electric field distribution and specific conductivity in a non-uniform electric field. Specifically, electric field lines are initially plotted and later on the relation between the electric potential difference and electric field strength is validated.  Additionally, on a selected electric field line, electric field strength versus path length and also conductivity versus path length are plotted to comprehend and teach exceedingly difficult concepts of uniform and non-uniform electric fields. In order to accomplish those tasks, a basic conducting sheet, that is simply a wet cardboard, is designed as a part of the apparatus together with a dc power supply, a multi meter and connecting cables. The established method is interesting in the sense that designed the conducting wet cardboard is novel, very practical, beneficial and minimal costing, hence the approach offers physics educators fresh teaching routes and opportunities to clarify the puzzling concepts of electrical field and conductivity.

Inhibiting Effect of Nonlinear Shielding Layer on Electrical Tree Propagation inside Insulation Layer of High-Voltage Cable

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1273-1277
Author(s):  
Chang Ming Li ◽  
Bao Zhong Han ◽  
Long Zhao ◽  
Chun Peng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Insulation Layer ◽  
Breakdown Time ◽  
Electrical Tree ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Initiation And Propagation

Nonlinear insulated materials can uniform electric field distribution in non-uniform electric field. In order to inhibit the electric tree initiation and propagation inside high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cable, a kind of 220kV high-voltage XLPE insulated cable with new structure is designed by embedding nonlinear shielding layer into XLPE insulation layer of high-voltage cable with traditional structure in this study. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the nonlinear shielding layer can effectively inhibit electrical tree propagation inside the XLPE specimens, and obviously extend the breakdown time caused by electric tree propagation. When the electrical tree propagates into the nonlinear shielding layer sandwiched between insulation layers of cable, the electric field distribution near the tip of electrical tree is obviously improved. These findings prove the feasibility and the effectivity of inhibiting electrical tree propagation inside high-voltage cable by adding nonlinear shielding layer into the insulation layer.

Potential and Electric Field Distribution of 220kV Insulator String with a Faulty Insulator under Windage Yaw Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
Hui Hui Li ◽  
Zheng Zheng ◽  
Hong Bo Chen ◽  
Huan Bai ◽  
Hua Zhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Space Potential ◽  
Suspension Insulator ◽  
Variation Characteristics

Faulty insulators could appear in the HV transmission line insulator string under the comprehensive effect of electrical, mechanical and environmental factors and they can be detected according to the space potential and electric field distribution variation characteristics around the insulator string. Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to study the potential and electric field distributions of a 220kV suspension insulator string contained a zero-value insulator in windage condition, comparing with a fine insulator string. The results show that the variation of the space potential and electric field distributions of insulator string is the same as that under no windage condition. The curve of synthetic electric field along the central axis around the good insulator string is U-shape. The 10th and 11th insulators from the high-voltage end are the sensitive insulators where the distortion ratio of synthetic field strength is higher than 3%, when a faulty insulator is in the string. This result can provide preferences for the online detection of faulty insulators.

The Electric Field Analysis of Interdigitated Electrode-Array Based on Semi-Analytical Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 1218-1223
Author(s):  
Jing Tan ◽  
Zhen Fang ◽  
Yong Hong Liu ◽  
Zhan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Interdigitated Electrode ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Interdigitated Electrode Array

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the action of polarizable particles in non-uniform electric field, which depends on the structure of electrode. In this paper, we present a semi-analytical method, on which the electric field distribution by interdigitated electrode-array with battlement structure is considered. According to the congregational conformation of latex micro-beads which subject to the negative dielectrophoresis movement, the potential-trap by interdigitated electrodes is observed experimentally. The result shows that the theoretical simulation result conforms to actual electric field distribution well. It is proved that semi-analytical method exerts power for the research of dielectrophoresis effectively.

Perimeter Gated Single Photon Avalanche Diodes in Sub-Micron and Deep-Submicron CMOS Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1840018
Author(s):  
Mst Shamim Ara Shawkat ◽  
Mohammad Habib Ullah Habib ◽  
Md Sakib Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Aminul Haque ◽  
Nicole McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Device Simulation ◽  
Deep Submicron ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Submicron Process

A perimeter gated SPAD (PGSPAD), a SPAD with an additional gate terminal, prevents premature perimeter breakdown in standard CMOS SPADs. At the same time, a PGSPAD takes advantage of the benefits of standard CMOS. This includes low cost and high electronics integration capability. In this work, we simulate the effect of the applied voltage at the perimeter gate to develop a consistent electric field distribution at the junction through physical device simulation. Additionally, the effect of the shape of the device on the electric field distribution has been examined using device simulation. Simulations show circular shape devices provide a more uniform electric field distribution at the junction compared to that of rectangular and octagonal devices. We fabricated PGSPAD devices in a sub-micron process (0.5 μm CMOS process and 0.5 μm high voltage CMOS process) and a deep-submicron process (180 nm CMOS process). Experimental results show that the breakdown voltage increases with gate voltage. The breakdown voltage increases by approximately 1.5 V and 2.5 V with increasing applied gate voltage magnitude from 0 V to 6 V for devices fabricated in 0.5 μm and 180 nm standard CMOS process respectively.

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