scholarly journals Functional Method for Joints Parameters Assessment in Human Body Modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Biomechanical Models

The integration of proper algorithms and computer graphics-based systems seems promising for the design of biomechanical models and the relative motion analysis. Thus, consequences on research fields as gait analysis are gathered, focusing on joints kinematics. Human motion patterns are indeed directly influenced from human model and associated joints parameters, such as centers and axes of rotation. These, as a matter of fact, determine the body segments coordinates systems. Joints parameters are estimated with several methods. The aim of this research is to evaluate the consistency of a functional approach versus a the predictive one. A validation of the algorithm used to estimate the lower limbs joints centers in gait analysis is provided with a proper subject-specific multibody model implemented in OpenSim space. Joints angles are estimated using a global optimization method and a comparison with the gold standard technique is also discussed. Overall the obtained results are consistent for the two different methodologies. The correlation of the curves is excellent in the sagittal plane, and very good in the coronal and transversal plane.

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ANFIS AND EMG UTILIZATION IN MODELING PROSTHESIS FOR TRANS-FEMORAL CUT REHABILITATION AND GAIT CYCLE RESTORATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjed Al-Fahoum ◽  
Khalid H. Gharaibeh
Keyword(s):  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Rehabilitation Robotics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Forward Dynamics ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Inference System

Rehabilitation of lower limbs with high-level amputation (Trans-femoral Cut) requires an alternative method of inverse and forward dynamics to be employed. Inverse and forward dynamics are capable of solving the problem of redundancy of muscles in human lower limbs. Furthermore, inverse and forward dynamics can be used for estimating joints moments, predicting body segment kinematics, and estimating the distribution of forces between the agonist/antagonist muscle group with reasonable accuracy [Riener R, Lünenburger L, Colombo G, Human-Centered robotics applied to gait training and assessment robert, J Rehabil Res Dev43:679, 2006; Keller T, Perry JC, Rehabilitation robotics for outpatient clinical and domestic use, WC IFMBE Proc25:291, 2009; Crespo LM, Reinkensmeyer DJ, Review of control strategies for robotic movement training after neurologic injury, J Neuroeng Rehabil6:20, 2009; Hillman MI, Rehabilitation robotics from past to present — A historical prespective, Adv Rehabil Robotics, Lect Notes Contr Inf306:25, 2004.]. However, the application of these methods, in rehabilitation, is still limited due to their dependence on multiple input data that cannot be measured using conventional measurement tools. This study is aimed at verifying and validating new models which are capable of predicting body segment kinematics accurately using features obtained from electromyography (EMG) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). These features are used to model a set of (input\output) dynamic data. EMG signals obtained from full gait cycle trials of a subject are used to calculate joint moments. Kinematics of the body segments are obtained by applying Euler numerical integration. The relative percentage root mean square (RMS) error between predicted kinematics from ANFIS and measured values for hip, knee, and ankle were 2.23%, 0.98%, and 0.69%, respectively. However, the achieved minimal reasonable accuracy for minimum number of measured inputs depends on the characteristics of the gait parameters such as cyclic nature and delayed symmetric activities between right and left leg about mid sagittal plane. Results of the combined model show that higher prediction accuracy of the gait cycle is achieved and so rehabilitation of lower limbs is feasible.

A Method to Analyse Generic Human Motion With Low-Cost Mocap Technologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Regazzoni ◽  
Andrea Vitali ◽  
Caterina Rizzi ◽  
Giorgio Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microsoft Kinect ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Digital Human Model ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Way

A number of pathologies impact on the way a patient can either move or control the movements of the body. Traumas, articulation arthritis or generic orthopedic disease affect the way a person can walk or perform everyday movements; brain or spine issues can lead to a complete or partial impairment, affecting both muscular response and sensitivity. Each of these disorder shares the need of assessing patient’s condition while doing specific tests and exercises or accomplishing everyday life tasks. Moreover, also high-level sport activity may be worth using digital tools to acquire physical performances to be improved. The assessment can be done for several purpose, such as creating a custom physical rehabilitation plan, monitoring improvements or worsening over time, correcting wrong postures or bad habits and, in the sportive domain to optimize effectiveness of gestures or related energy consumption. The paper shows the use of low-cost motion capture techniques to acquire human motion, the transfer of motion data to a digital human model and the extraction of desired information according to each specific medical or sportive purpose. We adopted the well-known and widespread Mocap technology implemented by Microsoft Kinect devices and we used iPisoft tools to perform acquisition and the preliminary data elaboration on the virtual skeleton of the patient. The focus of the paper is on the working method that can be generalized to be adopted in any medical, rehabilitative or sportive condition in which the analysis of the motion is crucial. The acquisition scene can be optimized in terms of size and shape of the working volume and in the number and positioning of sensors. However, the most important and decisive phase consist in the knowledge acquisition and management. For each application and even for each single exercise or tasks a set of evaluation rules and thresholds must be extracted from literature or, more often, directly form experienced personnel. This operation is generally time consuming and require further iterations to be refined, but it is the core to generate an effective metric and to correctly assess patients and athletes performances. Once rules are defined, proper algorithms are defined and implemented to automatically extract only the relevant data in specific time frames to calculate performance indexes. At last, a report is generated according to final user requests and skills.

Measurement and Analysis of Human Lower Limbs Movement Parameters during Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Zhigailov ◽  
Artem Kuznetcov ◽  
Victor Musalimov ◽  
Gennady Aryassov
Keyword(s):  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Different Parts

It is necessary to analyze human gait for treatment and rehabilitation of human with musculoskeletal disorders of the locomotion apparatus (LA). The main goal of this work is evaluation of locomotion apparatus motion parameters captured by inertial measurement units (IMU) during walking. Motion Capture technology is process of getting practical results and data from IMU installed in different parts of human lower limbs. Synchronously, IMU send information about human movements to PC at the same moment of time. Such method gives an opportunity to follow parameters in some points of human leg in real time. The way of devices mounting and instruction for human under monitoring are based on related medical projects. Walking is selected for estimation of the musculoskeletal system as typical action. Experiment results got from several experiments were considered and analyzed.Basically, walking is described as a set of the system “human” discrete states. In the same time, the IMU sensors transmit motion parameters data continuously. It is proposed to present the man as a system with a control signal in the form of the double support period. The length will be measured using data from IMU. Double support period is chosen because its presence distinguishes walking from running.The most attention is given to getting the same practical results and data that can be obtained by placing the devices in different parts of the body. Moreover, a technique of using inertial measurement devices for measuring human motion to get some numerical results is shown. The use of this technique in practice demonstrated that it can be used to obtain an objective parameter describing the motion of the person. Continuation of this work is directed to create a complete model of the lower limbs motion for usage in practice [1].

Development of 3D Equipment Interaction With Predictive Dynamics in Human Motion Simulation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joon Chung ◽  
Yujiang Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Torque ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Predictive Dynamics ◽  
Human Motion Simulation

3D equipment interaction module in human motion simulation is developed in this paper. A predictive dynamics method is used to simulate human motion, and a helmet is modeled as the equipment that is attached to the human body. We then implement this method using the predictive dynamics task of walking. A mass-spring-damper system is attached at the top of the head as a helmet model. The equations of motion for the helmet are also derived in a recursive Lagrangian formulation within the same inertial reference frame as the human model’s. The total number of degrees of freedom for the human model is 55 — 6 degrees of freedom for global translation and rotation, and 49 degrees of freedom for the body. The helmet has 7 degrees of freedom, but 6 of them are dependent to the human model. The movement of the helmet is analyzed due to the human motion. Then, the reaction force between the human body and the equipment is calculated. Once the reaction force is obtained, it is applied to the human body as an external force in the predictive dynamics optimization process. Results include the motion of equipment, the force acting on body at the attachment point, the joint torque profiles, and the ground reaction force profiles at the foot contacting point.

Prescribing Human Motion Patterns for Assembly Processes Associated With Manual Lifting

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Chi Chang ◽  
Don R. Brown ◽  
Donald S. Bloswick ◽  
Simon M. Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Manual Lifting ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Training Tool

Abstract Based on the spacetime optimization method, a computer simulation system using a five-link dynamic musculoskeletal human model was built to generate the optimum manual lifting motion patterns. Five subjects’ lifting motion data was collected by a motion tracking system. Using the anthropometric data from the subjects, the spacetime algorithm generated the optimal lifting patterns for each subject according to objective function and constraints. The simulation results indicated that: • this computer system can create a suitable lifting motion patterns for each individual, • various objective functions and constraints will create different lifting motion patterns, and • prescribed lifting patterns can successfully reduce the overall value of lower back compressive force, which is associated with injury incidence rates in manual tasks, during the lifting period when compared to the value that was calculated from the original measured lifting motion patterns. This system may provide a lifting techniques training tool or be used by ergonomists to help design or evaluate the workstation to prevent injury in manufacturing environments which require workers to perform lifting tasks.

Three Dimensional Gait Assessment During Walking of Healthy People and Drop Foot Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Banga ◽  
R.M. Belokar ◽  
Sandip Dhole ◽  
Parveen Kalra ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Drop Foot ◽  
Animal Locomotion

The aim of the present study is to clinical gait analysis of normal human and drop foot patients. Gait analysis is the systematic study of <a title="Animal locomotion" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_locomotion">animal locomotion</a>, more specifically the study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by <a title="Instrumentation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation">instrumentation</a> for measuring body movements, <a title="Biomechanics" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomechanics">body mechanics</a>, and the activity of the muscles. Gait analysis is used to assess, plan, and treat individuals with conditions affecting their ability to walk. Foot drop is a deceptively simple name for a potentially complex problem. It can be defined as a significant weakness of ankle and toe dorsiflexion. The foot and ankle dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus (EHL), and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL). These muscles help the body clear the foot during the swing phase and control plantar flexion of the foot at heel strike

Aspergillus Spondylodiscitis After Spinal Stenosis Surgery: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3 And 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Mohsen Aghapoor ◽  
◽  
Babak Alijani Alijani ◽  
Mahsa Pakseresht-Mogharab ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Death Case ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Background and Importance: Spondylodiscitis is an inflammatory disease of the body of one or more vertebrae and intervertebral disc. The fungal etiology of this disease is rare, particularly in patients without immunodeficiency. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of this disease can lead to complications and even death. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old diabetic female patient, who had a history of spinal surgery and complaining radicular lumbar pain in both lower limbs with a probable diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, underwent partial L2 and complete L3 and L4 corpectomy and fusion. As a result of pathology from tissue biopsy specimen, Aspergillus fungi were observed. There was no evidence of immunodeficiency in the patient. The patient was treated with Itraconazole 100 mg twice a day for two months. Pain, neurological symptom, and laboratory tests improved. Conclusion: The debridement surgery coupled with antifungal drugs can lead to the best therapeutic results.

Body balance in a free-standing position in road and off-road cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafal Hebisz ◽  
Marek Zaton
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to compare body balance in road and off-road cyclists, immediately before and after the racing season.Material/Methods: Twenty individuals participated in the study and they were divided into two groups: specialists in road-cycling (n = 10) and in off-road cycling (n = 10). Immediately before and after the five-month racing season stabilographic trials were carried out (at rest and after progressive exercise). In assessing body balance the distance and velocity of the centre shifts (in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction) were analysed. The tests were performed with the cyclists’ eyes open, eyes closed, and in feedback.Results: After the racing season, in the off-road cyclists’ group, distance and velocity of the centre of pressure shifts increased after a progressive exercise.Conclusions: In the off-road cyclists’ group the balance of the body in the sagittal plane deteriorated after the racing season. Moreover, after the racing season off-road cyclists were characterized by a worse balance of the body, compared to road cyclists

Spinal Balance/Alignment—Clinical Relevance and Biomechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoli Shah ◽  
Justin V. C. Lemans ◽  
Joseph Zavatsky ◽  
Aakash Agarwal ◽  
Moyo C. Kruyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Sagittal Balance ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Optimal Configuration ◽  
Sacral Slope ◽  
Sagittal Imbalance ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Spinal Balance ◽  
Spinal Imbalance

In the anatomy of a normal spine, due to the curvatures in various regions, the C7 plumb line (C7PL) passes through the sacrum so that the head is centered over the pelvic-ball and socket hip and ankle joints. A failure to recognize malalignment in the sagittal plane can affect the patient's activity as well as social interaction due to deficient forward gaze. The sagittal balance configuration leads to the body undertaking the least muscular activities as possible necessary to maintain spinal balance. Global sagittal imbalance is energy consuming and often results in painful compensatory mechanisms that in turn negatively influence the patient's quality of life, self-image, and social interaction due to inability to maintain a horizontal gaze. Deformity, scoliosis, kyphosis, trauma, and/or surgery are some ways that this optimal configuration can be disturbed, thus requiring higher muscular activity to maintain posture and balance. Several parameters such as the thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), and hip and leg positions influence the sagittal balance and thus the optimal configuration of spinal alignment. This review examines the clinical and biomechanical aspects of spinal imbalance, and the biomechanics of spinal balance as dictated by deformities—ankylosing spondylitis (AS), scoliosis and kyphosis; surgical corrections—pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSO), long segment stabilizations, and consequent postural complications like proximal and distal junctional kyphosis. The study of the biomechanics involved in spinal imbalance is relatively new and thus the literature is rather sparse. This review suggests several potential research topics in the area of spinal biomechanics.

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