Body balance in a free-standing position in road and off-road cyclists

Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafal Hebisz ◽  
Marek Zaton

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to compare body balance in road and off-road cyclists, immediately before and after the racing season.Material/Methods: Twenty individuals participated in the study and they were divided into two groups: specialists in road-cycling (n = 10) and in off-road cycling (n = 10). Immediately before and after the five-month racing season stabilographic trials were carried out (at rest and after progressive exercise). In assessing body balance the distance and velocity of the centre shifts (in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction) were analysed. The tests were performed with the cyclists’ eyes open, eyes closed, and in feedback.Results: After the racing season, in the off-road cyclists’ group, distance and velocity of the centre of pressure shifts increased after a progressive exercise.Conclusions: In the off-road cyclists’ group the balance of the body in the sagittal plane deteriorated after the racing season. Moreover, after the racing season off-road cyclists were characterized by a worse balance of the body, compared to road cyclists

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Jasińska

AbstractA stroke has a number of direct effects on body balance. Despite the progress in medical science, it continues to be one of the major causes of disability in adults.The objective of the study was to evaluate the body balance in people after stroke depending on the side of hemiparesis.The study included 30 patients with left and right-sided hemiparesis. The mean age of the patients was 66 years. The tests were conducted on the R50300 Cosmogamma balance platform, in a standing position. Each patient was examined twice: with and without vision, in a standing position. The statistical analysis was carried out using the STATISTICA software.The results revealed statistical differences in the maximum lateral sways of the Centre of Pressure (COP) with the eyes open, the maximum front-back sways of the Centre of Pressure with the eyes closed, and the mean COP values in the frontal plane with and without vision in individuals with right and left-sided hemiparesis. Patients with left and right-sided hemiparesis were found to underload the affected side, regardless of whether they were tested with or without vision. Moreover, patients with right-sided hemiparesis who were tested with their eyes open had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the frontal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis, and patients with right-sided hemiparesis who were examined with their eyes closed had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the sagittal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis.During the posturographic examination, individuals with left and right-sided hemiparesis displayed underloading of the affected side, both when tested with their eyes open and closed. When tested with vision, patients with right-sided hemiparesis had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the frontal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis. When tested without vision, patients with right-sided hemiparesis had greater difficulty maintaining body balance in the sagittal plane than those with left-sided hemiparesis.


2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Alicja Kasprzak ◽  
Michał Dylewski ◽  
Roman Bednorz ◽  
Jakub Maliszewski ◽  
Paweł Jureczko ◽  
...  

Incroduction: Falls are a very serious problem for people over 65 years of age. The frequency of falls increases with age. Studies show that 18% of people under the age of 45 fall down every year, 25% of those aged 45-65 and 35% of those over 65. Material and Methods: 18 people from the participants of the project “Comprehensive diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with back pain syndromes and those at risk of falling using innovative therapy” were qualified for the analysis. Patients, before and after therapy, were tested using a stabilometric platform. The test was conducted in a free standing position with eyes open (30 seconds) and then with eyes closed (30 seconds). Results: Comparison of patient results before and after therapy showed a statistically significant (p <0.05) improvement in posture stability expressed in the mean X-axis displacement rate (movement to the sides) and Y (antero-posterior movement) both in the study with eyes open and closed. A shortening of the mean length of the center of gravity projection path was also observed. Conclusions: The proposed therapeutic program had a positive effect on improving stability in the studied patients. This improvement was mainly expressed by reducing the speed of center of gravity displacement and shortening the path that the center of gravity travels in both the open and closed eyes test.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Henny Syapitri

Abstract The balance of body is one of the main factor in doing fungsional activity. In every activity, the body always need control of the body balance, because basically every phisic activity right static or dinamic will take someone on unstable position with big risk to having fell. Swiss Ball exercise as support is believed on labile surface will make spine have big chance to stabling the muscle between vebra and increase the dinamic balance to restrain the repeats stability. The research object to know The Effect of Swiss Ball Exercise toward The Body Balance to Less The Risk Fall of Older at UPT Social Service of Older and Children Under Five district Binjai and Medan in Year 2016. The research type is Quasi Experiment with pre test-post test one group only design method. Population in this research all of older at UPT Social Service district Binjai as much as 172 older with number of man is 81 and woman is 91, with Purposive sampling Technique that is 15 respondences. Data collecting using observation sheet with analysis that used is univariat: respondence characteristics, the body balance of older before and after doing Swiss Ball practice, and bivariat with Paired t-Test. The research result showing the average of body balance before doing Swiss Ball as much (Mean 38,07) and after (Mean 46,33). Conclusion: there is the effect of Swiss Ball toward body balance to less the risk fall of older (p=0,000 ; p=< 0,05). Sugessted for older to practice the balance himself more steady so that not easy to have risk fall further. Influenced, and for the next researcher can research about another factor that foregrounded the risk fall of older.Keywords    : Swiss Ball, Balance Exercise, Risk Fall


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Gutiérrez-Vilahú ◽  
Núria Massó-Ortigosa ◽  
Lluís Costa-Tutusaus ◽  
Miriam Guerra-Balic ◽  
Ferran Rey-Abella

The purpose of the study was to compare postural control in static standing in young adults with and without Down syndrome (DS), with eyes closed and eyesopen, before and after an 18-wk dance-based training program. The study included 11 young people with DS age 20.5 (1.3) yr and 11 without DS age 20.2 (2.0) yr.All parameters were recorded before and after the training program. Parameters related to center of pressure (COP; closed and open eyes) were recorded from aplatform with the participant in bipedal standing position during 30 s. The results suggest that young people with DS have worse COP control in both visual conditions (closed and open eyes) and are affected by visual information in a different way than their peers without DS. In the group of young adults with DS, thedance-based training program improved some parameters related to the use of visual input in controlling COP.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki ◽  
Joanna Bukowska ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Michał Spieszny ◽  
Magdalena Pieniążek ◽  
...  

Background and Study Aim: The article presents the results of analyses of students’ foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as their body balance before and after exercise (Harvard Step Test). The aim of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as assess the degree of body balance before and after exercise. With that purpose in view, the following research hypothesis was formulated: in the students participating in the study, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground and the degree of body balance differ significantly after physical effort compared with the at-rest conditions. Material and Methods: The study encompassed n=48 students, including 37 women and 11 men. The tests were carried out using such tools as: an EPS/R1 podobarographic mat and the impedance methods – i.e. the InBody 270 body composition analyser. An analysis was performed for the parameters concerning body composition, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and the level of body balance. Results: The results obtained revealed statistically significant differences in the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions that reflected the impact of effort stimuli. Conclusions: Significant differences reflecting the impact of the effort stimuli were expected to be achieved during the mathematical analysis of the results of podobarographic tests that allow for the assessment of the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions. The authors’ assumption was mathematically and statistically confirmed by significant differences foe most of the parameters arising out of the possibilities offered by the research method applied. Comparative assessment unquestionably revealed a negative change in foot arching, as well as lower body posture stability in the female and male subjects, resulting from the physical exercise applied.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Tadaura

Background: Observation and research on pure and natural movements and movements born of human nature have been carried out for many years. However, biomechanics study is still very less for the complex movements from lying on a floor to standing position. In particular, there is still little scientific and scientific research on the movements observed during the unconscious developmental process until babies acquire standing and walking. In this study, two patterns: Spiral and Parallel which relates baby motion development were focused. We examined the characteristics of the changes in the motion trajectory and the body pressure dispersion from the biomechanical point of view in the motion from the floor to standing. Developmental studies of human fundamental movements may be associated with appropriate signals to cells, tissues, and organs, as well as with health maintenance and development and care applications for the sick, disabled, and also the healthy people. This study will provide basic data.Methods: Healthy volunteers who finished training about baby development movement course were recruited by a snowball sampling. Two fundamental Spiral and Parallel movements from a supine position to a standing position on the floor, which are said to reproduce a general developmental process naturally acquired in the growth process of a baby, were analyzed for 5 times each. The three procedure was analyzed with a 42 segments model using a 3D motion analysis VICON. The analysis of observation for the movement process, the force plate, and the movement lotus were examined.Results: One female volunteer aged 30's who finished the training was analyzed in Spiral and Parallel movements for 5 times each. The Spiral movement was distributed to various parts of the body, and repeated circular movements irregularly in a wider space. The Spiral movement was observed a circular trajectory like a figure eight motion as a whole. The Parallel movement was a straight line on the sagittal plane, shifting the body weight back and forth, repeated flexion and extension movements, and moved upward. The motion locus of the linear waveform was repeatedly operated, and it was indicated that it moved back and forth on the sagittal plane in the Parallel movement.Conclusion: The Spiral movement was distributed to various parts of the body, and repeated circular movements in a wider space of sagittal plane, frontal plane and horizontal plane, and moved upward. Spiral movement was a circular trajectory like a figure eight motion irregularly distorted in wider three dimensions. The Parallel movement was a straight line on the sagittal plane, shifting the body weight back and forth, repeated flexion and extension movements, and moved upward. Parallel movement was the operating locus having a linear waveform back and forth on the sagittal plane.


Author(s):  
Magdalena Zawadka ◽  
Maciej Kochman ◽  
Piotr Gawda ◽  
Miroslaw Jablonski

Abstract Background Postural assessment is an important part of the physical examination in the physical therapy practice. One of the most commonly used clinical tests is an arm-raising Matthiass test. The aim of this study was to investigate posture changes in sagittal plane observed during Matthiass test in young adults using a rasterstereography method. Methods Fourteen young and healthy volunteers, nine female and four male aged between 21 and 25 took part in this study. Examination s performed with the rasterstereographic measuring device. Results Trunk inclination significantly decreased during Matthiass test and the pelvis inclination increased. Distance between kyphosis apex and cervical lordosis apex was significantly shorter during the test than in standing position. Distance between kyphosis apex and lumbar lordosis apex significantly increased during Matthiass test. Kyphosis angle was significantly decreased and the lumbar lordosis angle was increased during the test. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that Matthias test can cause significant deviations in posture in young participants. Changes in the sagittal plane are observed mainly right after the elevation of the arms.


Author(s):  
Przemysław Stawicki ◽  
Agnieszka Wareńczak ◽  
Przemysław Lisiński

The aim of the study was to compare the static balance of dancers and non-dancers in a bipedal and unipedal stance. Twenty-three female dancers (mean age: 21.3 ± 1.7) and 24 age and sex-matched subjects (mean age 22.3 ± 1.0) participated in this study. A force platform was used to assess balance. The tests on the balance platform were performed in several positions with different foot placement, such as normal standing (NS) eyes open and eyes closed positions, semi-tandem position (ST), tandem position (TP), and one-leg standing (1L) eyes open and eyes closed position. Significant differences in balance between the dancers and the control group, especially in the tandem position and one-leg standing position with eyes closed were found. We observed higher results for the velocity of the COP in the frontal plane in the TP with a dominant limb in front (p = 0.04) and higher results for the velocity of the COP in the frontal plane (p = 0.01) and in the sagittal plane (p < 0.01) in the TP with a dominant limb in front in the control group. We also observed significant differences between groups in the mean velocity of COP sway in the sagittal plane in the 1 L position with eyes closed (p = 0.04). We concluded that dancing regularly for several years improves static balance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Graff ◽  
Ewa Szczerbik ◽  
Małgorzata Kalinowska ◽  
Maciej Jaworski ◽  
Małgorzata Syczewska

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the results of six balance tests collected on AMTI AccuSway Plus ACS force platform between healthy female and male children and adolescents. We also searched for possible correlation of the balance measures with subjects’ age. Methods: 228 healthy 6- to 18-year-old subjects (111 boys and 117 girls) participated in the study. Six balance tests were performed with the use of AMTI AccuSway Plus ACS platform: quiet standing for 30s, maximal voluntary sways of the body in the sagittal plane (anterior-posterior – AP test) for 30 s, and in the frontal plane (left-right – ML test) for 30s. All tests were performed in two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Results: During quiet standing with eyes open, most balance measures were lower in girls (p < 0.05). In AP and ML tests with eyes open, a few balance parameters were different between boys and girls (p < 0.05). In quiet standing, AP and ML tests with eyes closed, there were no between-gender differences (p > 0.05). In quiet standing with eyes open and closed most balance parameters were negatively correlated with age (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Quiet standing postural sway characteristics depended on gender under normal visual conditions and it was similar in boys and girls under visual deprivation conditions. The vision was differently used by females and males in balance tasks. Static postural stability improved with age regardless of visual conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F.J. Merkes ◽  
Paolo Menaspà ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss

Purpose: To assess the influence of seated, standing, and forward-standing cycling sprint positions on aerodynamic drag (CdA) and the reproducibility of a field test of CdA calculated in these different positions. Methods: A total of 11 recreational male road cyclists rode 250 m in 2 directions at around 25, 32, and 40 km·h−1 and in each of the 3 positions, resulting in a total of 18 efforts per participant. Riding velocity, power output, wind direction and velocity, road gradient, temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure were measured and used to calculate CdA using regression analysis. Results: A main effect of position showed that the average CdA of the 2 d was lower for the forward-standing position (0.295 [0.059]) compared with both the seated (0.363 [0.071], P = .018) and standing positions (0.372 [0.077], P = .037). Seated and standing positions did not differ from each other. Although no significant difference was observed in CdA between the 2 test days, a poor between-days reliability was observed. Conclusion: A novel forward-standing cycling sprint position resulted in 23% and 26% reductions in CdA compared with a seated and standing position, respectively. This decrease in CdA could potentially result in an important increase in cycling sprint velocity of 3.9–4.9 km·h−1, although these results should be interpreted with caution because poor reliability of CdA was observed between days.


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