scholarly journals Pattern of Pressure Distribution on the Car Seat Under Static Condition and Its Relationship with Driving Posture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4189-4194
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Driving Posture

Assessment of sitting condition on the car seat is important as the driver requires to remain seated while maneuvering the car. The seating situation with relatively restricted position and posture can lead to discomfort and fatigue among drivers. When the driver is getting fatigue, it may reduce the performance, and hence increase the risk of road accident. Up to this date, numerous study were conducted to solve this issue. However, majority of these studies performed the study in the laboratory. Furthermore, majority of the experiment were not used the actual car and provide clear interaction between driving posture and pressure distribution pattern. Hence, this study aims to determine the onset level of driver’s condition in term of discomfort rating scale and pressure distribution on the car seat under static condition by using actual car. Forty-four participants involved in this study by integrating discomfort rating assessment for the subjective evaluation and Pressure Sensor for the objective assessment. There were two main sections for subjective assessment that required the participant to provide the feedback on general discomfort level and body part discomfort while seating. Meanwhile, objective assessment used pressure map by Tactilus with 32 x 32 sensor matrix. All participants were required to sit on the car seat for five minutes. Findings showed that the driver’s discomfort and pressure pattern increased with time. In addition, the peak pressure distribution was found at the right buttock of the participant. Driving posture also influence the pattern of pressure distribution. This study provides a guideline for the automotive manufacturer to provide the optimal design of the car seat by maximizing the seat materials in term of quantity and quality with the highest pressure distribution levels. This adjustment can help to minimize the load concentration by providing a good pressure distribution

Relationship between Objective and Subjective Methods in Evaluating Static Discomfort of Car Driver Seat

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4997-5003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D.I Daruis ◽  
B.M. Deros ◽  
M.J.M. Nor ◽  
M. Hosseini Fouladi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Static Characteristic ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Lower Back

Objective method alone is insufficient in measuring discomfort of car seats. It is indirect and does not truly convey the perception and feeling of the sitter. A combination of both objective and subjective method gives better evaluation on discomfort. Seat pressure distribution method was adopted to investigate the static characteristic of a seat. The method was found to be statistically repeatable in measuring sitting of fourteen male subjects in static condition. Subjective discomfort through subjective assessment using a valid and reliable self-established questionnaire together with a body pressure map (BPM) showed increasing discomfort as sitting time increase; which is expected. The short term seat pressure distribution was used to be correlated with subjective assessment. Significant and moderate correlation was observed between four local body parts namely the seat pan bolster, thighs, upper back and lower back with overall seat average pressure BPM used in the subjective evaluation. Multiple linear regression model were established; overall discomfort from averaged pressure from BPM can be predicted from right & left buttock, right & left thigh and upper back & lower back. It was found that R-Sq=93.5%, R-Sq (adj) = 83.7% with moderately adequate predictive ability with predicted R-Sq= 46.77%.

scholarly journals An analysis of the objective and subjective evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Valeriy Nikolaevich Egiev ◽  
Yuliya Borisovna Mayorova ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Zorin ◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Мелеshko ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Orlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Excess Body Weight

The results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity usually considers a variety of factors and the main attention is paid to the dynamics of body weight after surgery. It is generally accepted that in the absence of reducing excess body weight or with minimum weight loss (a few kilograms), the result is considered unsatisfactory. The aim of the work was to compare an objective assessment of gastric bypass (GBS) and gastric banding (GB) and the subjective evaluation of treatment effectiveness by patients themselves. The study included 457 (69.7%) patients that underwent GB and 198 (30.3%) patients after GBS. At the late postoperative period 243 patients (53.2%) were available after the GB and 112 (56.6%) patients after GBS. The frequency of matches between objective and subjective assessment of outcomes of surgery usually did not exceed 50%. Given this, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the results of bariatric surgery. Developed multicomponent scale allows to evaluate the effectiveness of any bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Predicting Perceptual Quality in Internet Television Based on Unsupervised Learning

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Frnda ◽  
Jan Nedoma ◽  
Radek Martinek ◽  
Michael Fridrich
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Self Organizing Map

Quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) are two major concepts for the quality evaluation of video services. QoS analyzes the technical performance of a network transmission chain (e.g., utilization or packet loss rate). On the other hand, subjective evaluation (QoE) relies on the observer’s opinion, so it cannot provide output in a form of score immediately (extensive time requirements). Although several well-known methods for objective evaluation exist (trying to adopt psychological principles of the human visual system via mathematical models), each of them has its own rating scale without an existing symmetric conversion to a standardized subjective output like MOS (mean opinion score), typically represented by a five-point rating scale. This makes it difficult for network operators to recognize when they have to apply resource reservation control mechanisms. For this reason, we propose an application (classifier) that derivates the subjective end-user quality perception based on a score of objective assessment and selected parameters of each video sequence. Our model integrates the unique benefits of unsupervised learning and clustering techniques such as overfitting avoidance or small dataset requirements. In fact, most of the published papers are based on regression models or supervised clustering. In this article, we also investigate the possibility of a graphical SOM (self-organizing map) representation called a U-matrix as a feature selection method.

Objective Metrics for the Evaluation of Simple Surgical Skills in Real and Virtual Domains

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Moody ◽  
Chris Baber ◽  
Theodoros N. Arvanitis ◽  
Martin Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Haptic Displays ◽  
Objective Metrics ◽  
Time Required

Surgical skills are traditionally assessed through subjective evaluation with experienced surgeons observing and rating trainee activity. However, this process can be expensive, particularly in terms of the time required of expert surgeons. Subjective assessment may also suffer from problems of intersubject variation in the application of evaluation criteria. Computer-based training, in particular systems combining virtual reality interfaces with haptic displays, offers a means of providing both automated and objective assessment of performance. In this paper we propose that, prior to the development of such systems, there is a need to determine measures that can adequately differentiate levels of performance. The paper therefore discusses the evaluation of surgical technique using objective metrics. Two main questions are addressed. How can surgical technique be assessed? What metrics prove useful in defining and modifying surgical skills and techniques?

Evaluation of Agricultural Tractor Seat Comfort with a New Protocol Based on Pressure Distribution Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bordignon ◽  
Maurizio Cutini ◽  
Carlo Bisaglia ◽  
Paolo Taboga ◽  
Francesco Marcolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

Abstract. Professional drivers have been found to be at a high risk of developing low back pain due to prolonged sitting and vehicle vibration. In a previous survey carried out on 1,155 tractor drivers, tractor vibration and/or incorrect posture while driving were found to cause low back disorders in more than 80% of the interviewed drivers. In this context, the present research introduces a new evaluation protocol to assess the ergonomic characteristics of agricultural tractor seats through the use of pressure sensors, taking into account both static and dynamic conditions. The degree of comfort was defined by analyzing the pressure distribution exerted by a sample of 12 drivers sitting on two seats in five different operating conditions. The pressure distribution values thus obtained were compared with the corresponding pressures recorded with the 12 drivers sitting on a reference seat (rigid seat, backrest, and suspension) designed for the purpose. From the comparison, it was possible to define a comfort index (CI) that allowed an objective assessment of the two seats. Statistical analysis showed that the CIs of the two seats were significantly different in all five operating conditions. Moreover, the two seats showed different CIs as a function of the operating condition. Although less comfortable, one seat showed almost constant CI values in all five operating conditions. Conversely, the other seat showed a progressively decreasing CI from the static condition to the uneven ground condition. Keywords: Comfort index, Occupational diseases, Pressure distribution, Safety.

Experiments and Evaluation of Body Pressure Distribution on Wheelchair Cushion

2014 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xiu Feng Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Seat Cushion ◽  
Seating Comfort ◽  
Body Pressure Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

To study the relationship between wheelchair cushion shape and seat cushion comfort. By measuring sitting pressure distributions on wheelchair cushions with different shape, indices of sitting pressure such as the contact area, maximum sitting pressure were discussed along with method for subjective evaluation and objective test combination to analyze the relationship between seat cushion shape and seat cushion comfort. The experimental results from subjective assessment on three kinds of seat cushion indicate that the cushion shape is an important factor affecting seating comfort .The experimental results from objective assessment indicate that the contact area and maximum sitting pressure can preferably reflect the comfort of seat cushion and be used to evaluate the comfort of seat cushion.

Car Seat System of the Future as Seen in “ARC-X”

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshimichi Hanai ◽  
Hideyuki Nagashima
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Distribution Measurement ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
The Future ◽  
Body Pressure Distribution

Car seats of the future will have to give even greater consideration to the human aspects of comfort and style. Moreover, driver and passenger seats need to be designed separately, to optimize each seat according to its function and location the car interior. The seat system of the “ARC-X” experimental car is based on the results of body pressure distribution measurement, subjective evaluation, and other human engineering techniques. These were used to analyze driver and passenger postures from the standpoints of performance and comfort. This paper introduces features of the driver's seat and front and rear passenger seats adopted in the “ARC-X”, and reports some of the analytical results on which their design was based.

Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
S. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O. Schurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Mandatory Participation

The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.

Electromyographic and subjective evaluation of a wrist rest for VDT operators

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Erwin Keller ◽  
Helmut Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Finger Touch ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Vdt Operators ◽  
Objectively Measured

This study assessed the effects of a wrist rest for VDT operators based on an experimental investigation. Muscular strain associated with the working posture was measured continuously via electromyographic activities (EA) of 8 muscle groups which were involved in the working tasks. The electromyographic measurements yielded a clear systematical effect of the wrist rest while entering text using the 10-finger touch system. Values of the EA, as an indicator of physiological cost were essentially lower with the wrist rest. Working without the wrist rest is at least two times more strenuous than working with it. The differences are statistically highly significant. Less positive and less consistent results were found while working on the prefixed mouse pad of the wrist rest. Considering the influence of the working aid on entering text, the results of the subjective assessment after the tests corresponded well with the objectively measured physiological data. Whereas the working aid for entering text was assessed quite positively overall, the integrated mouse pad earned a clearly negative rating.

An endoscopic approach to the deviated nasal septum – a preliminary study

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Ranjan Nayak ◽  
R. Balakrishnan ◽  
K. Deepak Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Nasal Endoscope ◽  
Preliminary Study

AbstractThe authors have used the nasal endoscope for the precise identification of pathological abnormalities of the nasal septum in relation to the lateral nasal wall including the osteo-meatal complex and in its ultraconservative management. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacies of endoscope-aided septoplasty (EAS) over traditional septoplasty (TS) in treating the pathological septum and turbinates, performed in 30 cases each. The subjective assessment was carried out by visual analogue scores and objective assessment by nasal endoscopy. This study demonstrates the superiority and limitations of the endoscopic approach in managing a deviated nasal septum and the turbinates. The endoscope-aided technique was found to be more effective in relieving the contact areas and nasal obstruction (p = ≤0.05). The authors advocate a combined approach – an endoscopic approach for inaccessible posterior deviation and the conservative traditional technique for accessible anterior deviation of the nasal septum.

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