scholarly journals Predicting Perceptual Quality in Internet Television Based on Unsupervised Learning

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Frnda ◽  
Jan Nedoma ◽  
Radek Martinek ◽  
Michael Fridrich
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Self Organizing Map

Quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) are two major concepts for the quality evaluation of video services. QoS analyzes the technical performance of a network transmission chain (e.g., utilization or packet loss rate). On the other hand, subjective evaluation (QoE) relies on the observer’s opinion, so it cannot provide output in a form of score immediately (extensive time requirements). Although several well-known methods for objective evaluation exist (trying to adopt psychological principles of the human visual system via mathematical models), each of them has its own rating scale without an existing symmetric conversion to a standardized subjective output like MOS (mean opinion score), typically represented by a five-point rating scale. This makes it difficult for network operators to recognize when they have to apply resource reservation control mechanisms. For this reason, we propose an application (classifier) that derivates the subjective end-user quality perception based on a score of objective assessment and selected parameters of each video sequence. Our model integrates the unique benefits of unsupervised learning and clustering techniques such as overfitting avoidance or small dataset requirements. In fact, most of the published papers are based on regression models or supervised clustering. In this article, we also investigate the possibility of a graphical SOM (self-organizing map) representation called a U-matrix as a feature selection method.

METHODOLOGY OF OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY BEARINGS BY VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND ITS COMPARISON WITH A SUBJECTIVE METHOD

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Stanislav Žiaran ◽  
Ondrej Chlebo ◽  
Ĺubomír Šooš
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Subjective Method ◽  
Auditory Organ ◽  
Objective Methodology ◽  
Fft Analysis

The quality of bearing production has an impact not only on their reliability and lifetime, but also on the dynamic load of the working and living environment by excessive vibration and thus also noise. The intensity of the noise emitted by a bearing which is perceived by man characterizes the quality of its production. Reducing the dynamic load of mechanical systems and their components is reflected in the working environment by reducing noise emissions and immissions. The article proposes an objective method of bearing quality assessment based on measuring vibro-acoustic parameters of dynamic load of a new bearing using FFT analysis and the magnitude of the amplitude of bearing vibration acceleration and compares it with a subjective method that also uses the human auditory organ to assess bearing quality. The results of vibro-acoustic measurements were analysed in terms of vibration intensity and the noise of the produced bearings. The proposed objective methodology was compared with the subjective evaluation of the quality of bearings and the results of this methodology matched. The proposed methodology is applicable to all types of bearings, and it is possible to automate this methodology in the production process.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Image Inpainting Method Based on Continued Fractions Interpolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei He ◽  
Yan Xing ◽  
Kangxiong Xia ◽  
Jieqing Tan
Keyword(s):  
Continued Fractions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Rational Interpolation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Signal To Noise

In view of the drawback of most image inpainting algorithms by which texture was not prominent, an adaptive inpainting algorithm based on continued fractions was proposed in this paper. In order to restore every damaged point, the information of known pixel points around the damaged point was used to interpolate the intensity of the damaged point. The proposed method included two steps; firstly, Thiele’s rational interpolation combined with the mask image was used to interpolate adaptively the intensities of damaged points to get an initial repaired image, and then Newton-Thiele’s rational interpolation was used to refine the initial repaired image to get a final result. In order to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm, plenty of experiments were tested on damaged images. Subjective evaluation and objective evaluation were used to evaluate the quality of repaired images, and the objective evaluation was comparison of Peak Signal to Noise Ratios (PSNRs). The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm had better visual effect and higher Peak Signal to Noise Ratio compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

ASSESSMENT OF SATISFACTION WITH THE RESULTS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS IN ST. PETERSBURG

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Vinogradova E.S. ◽  
Vinogradov S.I.
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Results Of Treatment

In the 21st century, due to the improvement of modern fixed orthodontic structures, the need for orthodontic treatment, both among the child population and among the adult population, has greatly increased. Recently, in orthodontics, there is a tendency to evaluate the work of a doctor on the final result, which consists of subjective and objective criteria. To assess the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to conduct an examination of the quality of medical care in general and to assess the quality of orthodontic treatment of patients with dentofacial anomalies in particular. Subjective evaluation criteria are satisfaction with the results of treatment, the absence of complaints from the patient and the data of a sociological survey. Objective criteria – timely access to dental care, objective assessment of the results of treatment (expert assessment), based on cephalometric measurements of the skull in lateral or direct projections, the study of the face or its image in the photo-photogrammetry, the qualifications of the specialist, the state of health of the patient. This study is devoted to the subjective assessment of the results of orthodontic treatment in children and adults in St. Petersburg. To study the opinion of patients about the quality of orthodontic care, a questionnaire consisting of 21 questions was developed, which allowed to conduct a sociological survey of patients who have completed orthodontic treatment, in relation to their various aspects that make up the concept of quality of dental care. According to the results of the survey, it was revealed that patients who have completed orthodontic treatment are more satisfied with the results of treatment. It should be noted that in addition to the subjective analysis of the results of treatment, an expert assessment of the clinical results of treatment was carried out and there is a discrepancy between the subjective and objective assessment of the results obtained.

An Improved Method for AMR-WB Speech Codec

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 1259-1263
Author(s):  
Chun Ling Zhang ◽  
Sheng Hui Zhao ◽  
Hong Yuan Xiao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jing Ming Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The Look

an improved method is proposed to skip the look-ahead period in this paper. The improved method uses the autocorrelation algorithm to calculate the Linear Prediction (LP) coefficients and then the LP coefficients are employed to extrapolate new samples for replacing the look-ahead samples. To evaluate the quality of this method, perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and the A/B listening test method are designed for the objective evaluation and subjective evaluation. The reconstructed quality of the modified method is near to the original AMR codec, at the same time, the delay of the improved method is lower 5ms than the original method.

Subjective and Objective Quality Evaluation of Watermarked Audio

2008 ◽  
pp. 260-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Standards ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Audio Data

Methods for evaluating the quality of watermarked objects are detailed in this chapter. It will provide an overview of subjective and objective methods usable in order to judge the influence of watermark embedding on the quality of audio tracks. The problem associated with the quality evaluation of watermarked audio data will be presented. This is followed by a presentation of subjective evaluation standards used in testing the transparency of marked audio tracks as well as the evaluation of marked items with intermediate quality. Since subjective listening tests are expensive and dependent on many not easily controllable parameters, objective quality measurement methods are discussed in section Objective Evaluation Standards. Section Implementation of a Quality Evaluation presents the whole process of testing the quality taking into account the methods discussed in this chapter. Special emphasis is devoted to a detailed description of the test setup, item selection and the practical limitations. The last section summarizes the chapter.

scholarly journals Pattern of Pressure Distribution on the Car Seat Under Static Condition and Its Relationship with Driving Posture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4189-4194
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Driving Posture

Assessment of sitting condition on the car seat is important as the driver requires to remain seated while maneuvering the car. The seating situation with relatively restricted position and posture can lead to discomfort and fatigue among drivers. When the driver is getting fatigue, it may reduce the performance, and hence increase the risk of road accident. Up to this date, numerous study were conducted to solve this issue. However, majority of these studies performed the study in the laboratory. Furthermore, majority of the experiment were not used the actual car and provide clear interaction between driving posture and pressure distribution pattern. Hence, this study aims to determine the onset level of driver’s condition in term of discomfort rating scale and pressure distribution on the car seat under static condition by using actual car. Forty-four participants involved in this study by integrating discomfort rating assessment for the subjective evaluation and Pressure Sensor for the objective assessment. There were two main sections for subjective assessment that required the participant to provide the feedback on general discomfort level and body part discomfort while seating. Meanwhile, objective assessment used pressure map by Tactilus with 32 x 32 sensor matrix. All participants were required to sit on the car seat for five minutes. Findings showed that the driver’s discomfort and pressure pattern increased with time. In addition, the peak pressure distribution was found at the right buttock of the participant. Driving posture also influence the pattern of pressure distribution. This study provides a guideline for the automotive manufacturer to provide the optimal design of the car seat by maximizing the seat materials in term of quantity and quality with the highest pressure distribution levels. This adjustment can help to minimize the load concentration by providing a good pressure distribution

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of massive polyposis in asthmatic patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nechama Uri ◽  
Raanan Cohen-Kerem ◽  
Geva Barzilai ◽  
Elhanan Greenberg ◽  
Ilana Doweck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Operative Data ◽  
Sinonasal Disease

The association between asthma and sinonasal disease has been known for years. Effective treatment of sinonasal disease, which is one of the factors that exacerbate asthma, may also improve and stabilize the asthmatic condition. This study examines the outcome of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on asthmatic patients with massive nasal polyposis. Thirty-four asthmatic patients were included in the study. All were operated on in our department and were analysed for pre-operative data regarding their asthma and sinonasal disease. A questionnaire regarding subjective evaluation of asthma and sinonasal status was presented to the patients, and objective evaluations, including nasal endoscopy and spirometry, were performed. Follow-up endoscopy revealed satisfactory results in 88 per cent, with positive correlation to the patients‘ subjective assessment of nasal status. No such correlation was found with regard to subjective and objective assessment of asthma: a small group of patients had completely clean sinonasal cavities with no perceived improvement in their asthmatic condition. The use of prednisolone and bronchodilators was significantly reduced post-operatively. However, in a subgroup of 13 patients followed at the asthma clinic, who had adequate pre-operative and post-operative data, there was no difference in their pre- and post-operative asthma condition. Seven had minimal improvement and in six there was a definite worsening of their asthma; nevertheless, nasal breathing and quality of life improved in most patients. The mean follow-up was 2.1 years. Thus, we conclude that in this study FESS does not improve asthma, but does improve the quality of the life of the patient.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE GRAPHIC RATING SCALE (GRS) DALAM PENILAIAN KINERJA KARYAWAN

Kilat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Graphic Rating Scale ◽  
The Individual

Competition increasingly competitive business trigger Muliadana company to be more innovative in improving the quality of the company. One technique used by management companies in improving the quality of human resources is to conduct employee performance appraisal. To the authors try to establish a scoring system using the Graphic Rating Scale (GRS), which is a methodology for assessing the scale of the graph by comparing the individual performance against an absolute standard. The purpose of this valuation method is to minimize the less objective assessment and can determine the development of the employee's performance over several periods. The results of the performance appraisal company can provide feedback to the employees so they can decide the steps taken in making decisions such as: promotion, promotion or class, mutation, degradation as well as training for employees in need.

scholarly journals Assessment of Interexaminer Agreement in the Detection of Condyle Morphology and positioning with Two Methods: Radiographic and Tomographic

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 837-843
Author(s):  
Ana CCF Conti ◽  
JS de Almeida Giunco ◽  
PV Pedron Oltramari-Navarro ◽  
TM Freire Fernandes ◽  
R de Lima Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Digital Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Panoramic Images

ABSTRACT Aim This study aims at evaluating the interexaminer agreement between radiographic and tomographic methods to determine condyle morphological variations and positioning. Materials and methods The sample comprised 100 individuals aged 13 to 30 years, from the patient files of University of North Paraná. The assessment of condyles morphology and positioning was performed in images of digital panoramic radiography (DPR) and reconstructed panoramic images from the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, by using the Dolphin three-dimensional (3D) program. The condyle morphology was categorized as flat, convex, and angular as well as its positioning classified into anterior, posterior, and concentric. Three calibrated examiners performed this subjective evaluation. After that, another examiner performed an objective assessment of the condyles positioning using tomographic sagittal scans of the condyles, applying the same 3D program. This objective evaluation of the condyle position, considered the gold standard (GS), was achieved by using a formula based on the measurement values of the joint spaces, anterior and posterior. The kappa test was used to assess the interexaminer agreement in determining the condyles morphology and positioning, as well as between the condyle positioning results determined by the examiners and the GS. Results The results showed poor agreement among examiners and between the subjective and objective condyle positioning evaluation. Conclusion It was concluded that the panoramic radiography (PR), either digitalized or reconstructed from CBCT scans, is not suitable for determining variations in condyle morphology and position. Clinical significance Whenever it is necessary to evaluate the mandibular condyle during the orthodontic screening, the orthodontist should consider another image modality better than the PR. How to cite this article de Almeida Giunco JS, Oltramari-Navarro PVP, Freire Fernandes TMF, de Lima Navarro R, de Almeida MR, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC. Assessment of Interexaminer Agreement in the Detection of Condyle Morphology and positioning with Two Methods: Radiographic and Tomographic. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):837-843.

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