Relationship between Objective and Subjective Methods in Evaluating Static Discomfort of Car Driver Seat

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4997-5003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D.I Daruis ◽  
B.M. Deros ◽  
M.J.M. Nor ◽  
M. Hosseini Fouladi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Static Characteristic ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Lower Back

Objective method alone is insufficient in measuring discomfort of car seats. It is indirect and does not truly convey the perception and feeling of the sitter. A combination of both objective and subjective method gives better evaluation on discomfort. Seat pressure distribution method was adopted to investigate the static characteristic of a seat. The method was found to be statistically repeatable in measuring sitting of fourteen male subjects in static condition. Subjective discomfort through subjective assessment using a valid and reliable self-established questionnaire together with a body pressure map (BPM) showed increasing discomfort as sitting time increase; which is expected. The short term seat pressure distribution was used to be correlated with subjective assessment. Significant and moderate correlation was observed between four local body parts namely the seat pan bolster, thighs, upper back and lower back with overall seat average pressure BPM used in the subjective evaluation. Multiple linear regression model were established; overall discomfort from averaged pressure from BPM can be predicted from right & left buttock, right & left thigh and upper back & lower back. It was found that R-Sq=93.5%, R-Sq (adj) = 83.7% with moderately adequate predictive ability with predicted R-Sq= 46.77%.

scholarly journals Pattern of Pressure Distribution on the Car Seat Under Static Condition and Its Relationship with Driving Posture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4189-4194
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Driving Posture

Assessment of sitting condition on the car seat is important as the driver requires to remain seated while maneuvering the car. The seating situation with relatively restricted position and posture can lead to discomfort and fatigue among drivers. When the driver is getting fatigue, it may reduce the performance, and hence increase the risk of road accident. Up to this date, numerous study were conducted to solve this issue. However, majority of these studies performed the study in the laboratory. Furthermore, majority of the experiment were not used the actual car and provide clear interaction between driving posture and pressure distribution pattern. Hence, this study aims to determine the onset level of driver’s condition in term of discomfort rating scale and pressure distribution on the car seat under static condition by using actual car. Forty-four participants involved in this study by integrating discomfort rating assessment for the subjective evaluation and Pressure Sensor for the objective assessment. There were two main sections for subjective assessment that required the participant to provide the feedback on general discomfort level and body part discomfort while seating. Meanwhile, objective assessment used pressure map by Tactilus with 32 x 32 sensor matrix. All participants were required to sit on the car seat for five minutes. Findings showed that the driver’s discomfort and pressure pattern increased with time. In addition, the peak pressure distribution was found at the right buttock of the participant. Driving posture also influence the pattern of pressure distribution. This study provides a guideline for the automotive manufacturer to provide the optimal design of the car seat by maximizing the seat materials in term of quantity and quality with the highest pressure distribution levels. This adjustment can help to minimize the load concentration by providing a good pressure distribution

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF MOTORCYCLE SEAT FOR COMFORT USAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Eida Nadirah R ◽  
Badrulhisyam AJ ◽  
Nurhayati MN ◽  
Rifqi Irzuan AJ ◽  
Mohamad Asmidzam A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Ergonomic Design ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Seat Comfort ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Masses

Motorcycle seats undeniably provides good comfort to motorcyclists but there are some that offers less affirmation on ushering comfort, whilst some even results in harm to users, resulting in back pains, neck, shoulders, and other parts of the body over prolonged riding periods. This research aims to investigate the discomforts faced by motorcyclist and the best seat concept based on an ergonomic design, fit for the masses through a subjective evaluation. A study that includes a survey was conducted to study the subjective assessment against the motorcycle seat comfort. The study is divided into two parts, where in part 1, the anthropometric data were collected from a total of 100 respondents, representing 88 males and 12 females. Mean from the anthropometric data was used for two new seat redesigns, designated Seat A and Seat B. For part 2, sets of questionnaire were distributed to 130 respondents to measure their perception of seat design A and design B. Based on the results produced, 86.2% respondents suffered discomforts while riding a motorcycle. Most suffered discomforts at particular body areas: lower back, buttock and shoulder, while no discomfort reported around leg, feet and thigh. Results also proved that current seat designs needed an improvement with a majority of respondents opting an added backrest and to increase surface around buttock area. Based on the evaluation of designs, Seat B was selected as a better option as compared to seat A in terms of comfort usage.

Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
S. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O. Schurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Mandatory Participation

The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.

Electromyographic and subjective evaluation of a wrist rest for VDT operators

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Erwin Keller ◽  
Helmut Strasser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Finger Touch ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Vdt Operators ◽  
Objectively Measured

This study assessed the effects of a wrist rest for VDT operators based on an experimental investigation. Muscular strain associated with the working posture was measured continuously via electromyographic activities (EA) of 8 muscle groups which were involved in the working tasks. The electromyographic measurements yielded a clear systematical effect of the wrist rest while entering text using the 10-finger touch system. Values of the EA, as an indicator of physiological cost were essentially lower with the wrist rest. Working without the wrist rest is at least two times more strenuous than working with it. The differences are statistically highly significant. Less positive and less consistent results were found while working on the prefixed mouse pad of the wrist rest. Considering the influence of the working aid on entering text, the results of the subjective assessment after the tests corresponded well with the objectively measured physiological data. Whereas the working aid for entering text was assessed quite positively overall, the integrated mouse pad earned a clearly negative rating.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Psychological and Physical Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9361
Author(s):  
K. Saraswathi Krishnan ◽  
Gunasunderi Raju ◽  
Omar Shawkataly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Lower Back

Purpose—This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MSD pain in various anatomical regions among nurses. Method—A cross-sectional study involving a self-administered questionnaire by registered nurses with clinical experience. Data was collected using convenience sampling after obtaining informed consent. The results were drawn from a total of 300 nurses. Results—The nurses presented with occasional mental exhaustion (44.3%) and often physical exhaustion (44.0%). Almost all (97.3%) the nurses complained of having work-related pain during the last 12 months. Body parts with the most pain were the lower back (86.7%), ankles (86.7%), neck (86.0%), shoulders (85.0%), lower legs (84.7%) and upper back (84.3%). The pain frequency was rated as occasional pain for the neck and upper back, pain was often felt for the rest of the parts. Nurses complained of severe pain in the lower back (19.7%), right shoulder (29.7%) and left shoulder (30.3%). The frequency of having musculoskeletal symptoms in any body region was increased with age, lower education level, female gender, high BMI, job tenure and lifestyle. Conclusions—Nurses’ WRMSD complaints should be taken seriously to curb further risk and musculoskeletal hazards.

scholarly journals An analysis of the objective and subjective evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Valeriy Nikolaevich Egiev ◽  
Yuliya Borisovna Mayorova ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Zorin ◽  
Anastasiya Vladimirovna Мелеshko ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Orlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Excess Body Weight

The results of surgical treatment of morbid obesity usually considers a variety of factors and the main attention is paid to the dynamics of body weight after surgery. It is generally accepted that in the absence of reducing excess body weight or with minimum weight loss (a few kilograms), the result is considered unsatisfactory. The aim of the work was to compare an objective assessment of gastric bypass (GBS) and gastric banding (GB) and the subjective evaluation of treatment effectiveness by patients themselves. The study included 457 (69.7%) patients that underwent GB and 198 (30.3%) patients after GBS. At the late postoperative period 243 patients (53.2%) were available after the GB and 112 (56.6%) patients after GBS. The frequency of matches between objective and subjective assessment of outcomes of surgery usually did not exceed 50%. Given this, there is a need for a comprehensive analysis of the results of bariatric surgery. Developed multicomponent scale allows to evaluate the effectiveness of any bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals A Subjective Evaluation of a Nasal Dilator on Sleep & Snoring

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin B. Scharf ◽  
Michael McDannold
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stanford Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Sleep Questionnaires

A noninvasive external nasal dilator device was used by 20 subjects with a history of mild snoring in a 2 week open label study. The baseline assessments were obtained during the first week. Treatment effects were evaluated during the second week. Subjects were evaluated using: pre- and post-sleep questionnaires; Stanford Sleepiness Scales completed at breakfast, lunch and dinner; and post-sleep bed partner questionnnaires. All twenty subjects completed the study. A significant number of subjects’ scores improved for sleepiness. Mean scores for the subjective assessment for ease of breathing during sleep improved compared to baseline by 25.6%, snoring loudness improved by 34%, sleep quality improved by 21.8%, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale revealed a 26% reduction in daytime sleepiness.

Comparison of objective and subjective evaluation of breast symmetrization results in patients with Poland syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Anna Kasielska-Trojan ◽  
Tomasz Zieliński ◽  
Paweł Pisera ◽  
Bogusław Antoszewski
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Poland Syndrome ◽  
Breast Asymmetry ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Objective And Subjective Evaluation

Introduction: There are many methods of analyzing the appearance of the breasts, but most of them are based on the patient’s subjective assessment or on the opinion of a specialist panel. Anthropometric measurements enable objective breast evaluation. The aim of the study was to compare the objective and subjective evaluation of aesthetic results of breast symmetrization in patients with Poland syndrome. Material and methods: The analysis of the results of the treatment was performed in 7 patients treated surgically due to unilateral breast underdevelopment in Poland syndrome. In the postoperative assessment, the following features were considered: 1 - breast volume, symmetry of: 2 – nipple areola-complexes (NAC), 3 - inframammary folds (IMF), 4 – upper poles (UP). The subjective assessment performed by the patient included each of the listed features and the overall satisfaction with the results of symmetrization on the 10-point Likert scale. Then, objective metric breast analysis was performed. Results: Overall assessment of postoperative breast asymmetry (mean 8.1) indicates a high level of patients’ satisfaction with breasts symmetrization. An objective analysis showed that the average breasts’ difference in volume was about 36 cc and the difference in NAC location was about 1.2 cm. Conclusion: 3D imaging is helpful in planning breast symmetrization procedures, especially in breast prostheses’ selection. Combination of this method with clinical experience results in good postoperative effects.

Hydroelastic Behavior of Air-Supported Flexible Floating Structures

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Ikoma ◽  
Koichi Masuda ◽  
Hisaaki Maeda ◽  
Chang-Kyu Rheem
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Air Chamber ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
Offshore Field

A pontoon type very large floating structure has elastic deformations in ocean waves. The deformation is larger than that of a semi-submergible type one. Thus, a pontoon type one will be installed to tranquil shallow water field enclosed by breakwaters. Moreover, a semi-submergible one will be applicable to development at offshore field. The authors has developed a pontoon type VLFS with an OWC (oscillating water column) type wave energy absorption system. This can be install to offshore field being deep water relatively. Such VLFS can reduce not only the elastic deformation but also the wave drifting forces. However, it is very difficult to reduce the wave drifting forces effectively because an effect of the reduction depends on the wave energy absorption. Therefore, the authors propose an air supported type VLFS. This idea has been already proposed. However, it wasn’t handled a flexible structure. Such an air-supported structure makes to transmit many waves. Therefore, the wave drifting forces may not increase. In addition, the elastic deformation may decrease because pressure distribution due to the incident waves becomes constant at the bottom of the structure, i.e. the pressure is constant in a same air chamber. We develop the program code for the analysis of the hydrodynamic forces on the VLFS with the air cushion. The potential flow theory is applied and the pressure distribution method is used to the analysis of the wave pressures. The zero-draft is assumed in this method. The pressure and volume change of the air cushion are linearized. In this paper, basic characteristics of the elastic deformations of the air-supported flexible floating structures are investigated. We confirm the effectiveness, and discuss behaviors of the water waves in air chamber areas.

Influence of Window Views on the Subjective Evaluation of Discomfort Glare

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Young Yun ◽  
Ju Young Shin ◽  
Jeong Tai Kim
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Psychological Factor ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
The Difference

A window is an indispensable element in a building and acts as a view-giving component that keeps occupants in touch with the outside. This study investigated the potential effect of different window views on the subjective assessment of discomfort glare from a simulated window that rendered blank, natural and man-made views from far to close distances. Forty-eight subjects (24 men, 24 women) participated in the experiments. The experimental results confirmed that the subjective evaluation of discomfort glare can vary with the type of window views presented. The results also indicated that there were noticeable variations in the subjective assessments of discomfort glare over the same visual stimuli. A preliminary criterion for classification of subjects’ sensitivity to glare was illustrated and the difference for the ‘‘glare-sensitive’’ and ‘‘glareinsensitive’’ people was statistically significant. This study found that the psychological factor such as window views could be an important factor in the subjective evaluation of discomfort glare. Widely used glare evaluation formulas such as unified glare rating and daylight glare index would not consider psychological factors. Thus, the finding from this study would contribute to a more realistic evaluation of discomfort glare for future design of glare control systems.

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