scholarly journals Experimental Tools and Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1674-1684
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have earned an upsurging inquisitiveness of the research community over the past decade and for the upcoming era, due to which we can realize its countless applications in various fields including medical, military, environment and academia. Wireless sensor networks composed of thousands or sometimes millions of sensor nodes which are usually operated by batteries that have limited energy, data processing, storage and transmission capacity. Moreover, these sensor nodes are densely deployed in human inaccessible regions and connected through error prone wireless links to offer a long coverage, therefore It is very difficult rather impractical to analyze the behavior of WSNs with real experiments. Most researches in this particular field are carried out by using simulation tools in several educational associations and research hubs. For this reason study of existing experimental tools for analyzing the behavior of WSNs becomes essential. This paper is intended to present a review on experimental tools and techniques available in the literature for WSNs, including simulators, emulators and test beds. These tools are highly useful for analyzing the operational behavior of wireless sensor networks. This paper also provides a roadmap for selecting appropriate experimental tools for various kinds of WSNs and its applications by taking into account their capabilities, relative ease of use and accuracy.

scholarly journals Crowdsourced Security Reconstitution for Wireless Sensor Networks: Secrecy Amplification

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Ostadal ◽  
Vashek Matyas ◽  
Petr Svenda ◽  
Lukas Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Network Node ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Simulated Network

Research in the area of security for Wireless Sensor Networks over the past two decades has yielded many interesting findings. We focus on the topic of (re-)securing link keys between sensor nodes through so-called secrecy amplification (SA) protocols. Crowdsourcing is at the very heart of these SA protocols. Not only do SA protocols work wonders even for low-level constrained nodes with no tamper resistance, they exhibit astonishing performance in networks under significant attacker control. Our work shows that even when 50% of all network links are compromised, SA protocols can re-secure over 90% of the link keys through an intriguingly simple crowdsourcing mechanism. These protocols allow us to re-take control without any broadly coordinated cooperation, without knowledge of the compromised links, with only very limited knowledge of each particular network node and independently of decisions made by other nodes. Our article first outlines the principles of and presents existing approaches to SA, introducing most of the important related concepts, then presents novel conclusive results for a realistic attacker model parametrised by attacker behaviour and capabilities. We undertook this work using two very different simulators, and we present here the results of analyses and detailed comparisons that have not previously been available. Finally, we report the first real, non-simulated network test results for the most attractive SA protocol, our implementations of which are available as open-source code for two platforms: Arduino and TinyOS. This work demonstrates the practical usability (and the attractive performance) of SA, serving as a ripe technology enabler for (among others) networks with many potentially compromised low-level devices.

Energy Efficient Sensor Deployment with TCOV and NCON in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Arvind Madhukar Jagtap ◽  
Gomathi N.
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Sensing Radius

In the past years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have increased successful real-world deployment in a wide range of civil and military applications. In order to ensure effective environmental sensing and robust communication, the two fundamental issues like TCOV and NCON are the very challenging tasks in WSN. As sensor nodes are battery-operated devices, the wide utilization of WSNs is obstructed by the severely limited energy constraints, this article tackles these kinds of issues by proposing an approach based on the energy model and aims at enhancing the network lifetime by improved balancing the movement and energy losses in the network. This article proposes a design which minimizes the power consumption and movement cost, thus enhancing the network lifetime. Finally, the authors compared the energy efficiency of the proposed approach with that of the existing approach. As such, the proposed AVABC improves the network lifetime by 14.29%, 26.09%, and 14.29% over VABC in response to the varying sensing radius of 5, 10, and 15, respectively.

scholarly journals Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1958) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Heidemann ◽  
Milica Stojanovic ◽  
Michele Zorzi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Networking Protocols

This paper examines the main approaches and challenges in the design and implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks. We summarize key applications and the main phenomena related to acoustic propagation, and discuss how they affect the design and operation of communication systems and networking protocols at various layers. We also provide an overview of communications hardware, testbeds and simulation tools available to the research community.

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

Deterministic Deployment for Wireless Image Sensor Nodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 668-674
Author(s):  
Junguo Zhang ◽  
Yutong Lei ◽  
Fantao Lin ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Key Issues

Wireless sensor networks composed of camera enabled source nodes can provide visual information of an area of interest, potentially enriching monitoring applications. The node deployment is one of the key issues in the application of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we take the effective coverage and connectivity as the evaluation indices to analyze the effect of the perceivable angle and the ratio of communication radius and sensing radius for the deterministic circular deployment. Experimental results demonstrate that the effective coverage area of the triangle deployment is the largest when using the same number of nodes. When the nodes are deployed in the same monitoring area in the premise of ensuring connectivity, rhombus deployment is optimal when √2 < rc / rs < √3 . The research results of this paper provide an important reference for the deployment of the image sensor networks with the given parameters.

Energy Efficient Group Based Linear Wireless Sensor Networks for Application in Pipeline Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Duru ◽  
Neco Ventura ◽  
Mqhele Dlodlo
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring

Background: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been researched to be one of the ground-breaking technologies for the remote monitoring of pipeline infrastructure of the Oil and Gas industry. Research have also shown that the preferred deployment approach of the sensor network on pipeline structures follows a linear array of nodes, placed a distance apart from each other across the infrastructure length. The linear array topology of the sensor nodes gives rise to the name Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSNs) which over the years have seen themselves being applied to pipelines for effective remote monitoring and surveillance. This paper aims to investigate the energy consumption issue associated with LWSNs deployed in cluster-based fashion along a pipeline infrastructure. Methods: Through quantitative analysis, the study attempts to approach the investigation conceptually focusing on mathematical analysis of proposed models to bring about conjectures on energy consumption performance. Results: From the derived analysis, results have shown that energy consumption is diminished to a minimum if there is a sink for every placed sensor node in the LWSN. To be precise, the analysis conceptually demonstrate that groups containing small number of nodes with a corresponding sink node is the approach to follow when pursuing a cluster-based LWSN for pipeline monitoring applications. Conclusion: From the results, it is discovered that energy consumption of a deployed LWSN can be decreased by creating groups out of the total deployed nodes with a sink servicing each group. In essence, the smaller number of nodes each group contains with a corresponding sink, the less energy consumed in total for the entire LWSN. This therefore means that a sink for every individual node will attribute to minimum energy consumption for every non-sink node. From the study, it can be concurred that energy consumption of a LWSN is inversely proportional to the number of sinks deployed and hence the number of groups created.

Improved DV-Hop Localization Scheme for Randomly Deployed WSNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Goyat ◽  
Mritunjay Kumar Rai ◽  
Gulshan Kumar ◽  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Se-Jung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Localization Error ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Least Energy ◽  
Range Free

Background: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is considered one of the key research area in the recent. Various applications of WSNs need geographic location of the sensor nodes. Objective: Localization in WSNs plays an important role because without knowledge of sensor nodes location the information is useless. Finding the accurate location is very crucial in Wireless Sensor Networks. The efficiency of any localization approach is decided on the basis of accuracy and localization error. In range-free localization approaches, the location of unknown nodes are computed by collecting the information such as minimum hop count, hop size information from neighbors nodes. Methods: Although various studied have been done for computing the location of nodes but still, it is an enduring research area. To mitigate the problems of existing algorithms, a range-free Improved Weighted Novel DV-Hop localization algorithm is proposed. Main motive of the proposed study is to reduced localization error with least energy consumption. Firstly, the location information of anchor nodes is broadcasted upto M hop to decrease the energy consumption. Further, a weight factor and correction factor are introduced which refine the hop size of anchor nodes. Results: The refined hop size is further utilized for localization to reduces localization error significantly. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm are compared with other existing algorithms for evaluating the effectiveness and the performance. The simulated results are evaluated in terms localization error and computational cost by considering different parameters such as node density, percentage of anchor nodes, transmission range, effect of sensing field and effect of M on localization error. Further statistical analysis is performed on simulated results to prove the validation of proposed algorithm. A paired T-test is applied on localization error and localization time. The results of T-test depicts that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the localization accuracy with least energy consumption as compared to other existing algorithms like DV-Hop, IWCDV-Hop, and IDV-Hop. Conclusion: From the simulated results, it is concluded that the proposed algorithm offers 36% accurate localization than traditional DV-Hop and 21 % than IDV-Hop and 13% than IWCDV-Hop.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Cities: Network Design, Implementation and Performance Evaluation

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Ala’ Khalifeh ◽  
Khalid A. Darabkh ◽  
Ahmad M. Khasawneh ◽  
Issa Alqaisieh ◽  
Mohammad Salameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Real Field

The advent of various wireless technologies has paved the way for the realization of new infrastructures and applications for smart cities. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are one of the most important among these technologies. WSNs are widely used in various applications in our daily lives. Due to their cost effectiveness and rapid deployment, WSNs can be used for securing smart cities by providing remote monitoring and sensing for many critical scenarios including hostile environments, battlefields, or areas subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and floods or to large-scale accidents such as nuclear plants explosions or chemical plumes. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework where WSNs are adopted for remote sensing and monitoring in smart city applications. We propose using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to act as a data mule to offload the sensor nodes and transfer the monitoring data securely to the remote control center for further analysis and decision making. Furthermore, the paper provides insight about implementation challenges in the realization of the proposed framework. In addition, the paper provides an experimental evaluation of the proposed design in outdoor environments, in the presence of different types of obstacles, common to typical outdoor fields. The experimental evaluation revealed several inconsistencies between the performance metrics advertised in the hardware-specific data-sheets. In particular, we found mismatches between the advertised coverage distance and signal strength with our experimental measurements. Therefore, it is crucial that network designers and developers conduct field tests and device performance assessment before designing and implementing the WSN for application in a real field setting.

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