scholarly journals Cost-benefit Analysis of RAP Incorporated Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6146-6149
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

It is desirable to incorporate Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement into the asphalt mixtures, which provides several benefits i.e. economic, environmental and performance. It is necessary to study, the economic analysis of the RAP since that incur several contingencies to the asphalt mixtures. In this study, a simple approach is used to evaluate the production cost of the asphalt and RAP incorporated asphalt mixtures. Apart from that Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) is used as a rejuvenator to enhance the properties of the mixture. In this study, asphalt mixture production cost is evaluated and cost of each material is taken from the Public Works Department Standard Scheduled of Rates (PWD – SSR) and the market survey techniques are followed. From the cost-benefit ratio, it is observed that the reduction in the Optimum Binder Content (OBC) provides great economic savings to the production cost. The incorporation of the RAP reduced the asphalt content and reduced the production cost of the asphalt mixtures. The addition of the WVO further reduced the OBC but increased the production cost compared to the non-rejuvenated mixture. The increase in the production cost is due to the extra cost invested on the WVO and other contingencies.

Product value analysis: a developed cost–benefit analysis ratio based on the Kano and PAF models

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Nassibeh Janatyan ◽  
Arash Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Of Quality ◽  
Product Value ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

PurposeIn this study, an integrative approach of customer satisfaction and cost of quality has been proposed for the value analysis of products based on a cost–benefit ratio.Design/methodology/approachFor the integrative approach, Kano and prevention-appraisal-failure (PAF) models have been applied. By the proposed approach, the value of products can be analyzed according to customer viewpoints and cost of quality. Four products of a home appliance company have been used to examine the new approach.FindingsFindings indicate the priorities of the studied products as stove, TV, fridge and washing machine, respectively. Such a set of prioritized products plays a strategic role in the competitive advantage of the studied company.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the weights of the cost of quality items have been assumed as equal. Also, the costs of quality items were limited to the most important ones at the studied company. However, more cost of quality items might be considered in different case studies.Originality/valueIn this study, the Kano and PAF models have been considered simultaneously for product value analysis from the viewpoint of customers. In addition to the classic method of value analysis which is merely based on previous events, the proposed approach is typically proactive.

Functional benefits and cost/benefit analysis of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for the management of severe spasticity

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona C. Sampson ◽  
Andrew Hayward ◽  
Gillian Evans ◽  
Richard Morton ◽  
Beverly Collett
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Intrathecal Baclofen ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Severe Spasticity ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Intrathecally delivered baclofen has been used as a treatment for severe spasticity since 1984. Despite this, there are uncertainties surrounding the benefits of treatment and the costs involved. The authors assessed the evidence of benefits and identified costs and the cost/benefit ratio for continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in the treatment of severe spasticity. Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion on function and quality-of-life (QOL) measures in patients with severe spasticity. Outcomes were related to standard QOL scores to estimate potential gains in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Information on the costs of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion was obtained from hospitals in the United Kingdom. This information was combined to estimate the cost/benefit ratio for the use of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion in patients with different levels of disability from severe spasticity. Studies indicate that bedbound patients are likely to improve their mobility and become able to sit out of bed. Patients with severe spasm-related pain are likely to have major improvement or complete resolution of this pain. Many other benefits are also reported. Such benefits are related to costs per QALY in the range of £6900 to £12,800 ($10,550–$19,570 US). Conclusions. In carefully selected patients who have not responded to less invasive treatments, continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion is likely to lead to worthwhile functional benefits. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion has an acceptable cost/benefit ratio compared with other interventions that are funded by the health service.

Usability Tests in Medicine: A Cost-Benefit Analysis for Hospitals Before Acquiring Medical Devices for Theatre

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipp Gonser ◽  
Thomas Fuchsberger ◽  
Ulrich Matern
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Present Pilot Study

Purpose: The use of active medical devices in clinical routine should be as safe and efficient as possible. Usability tests (UTs) help improve these aspects of medical devices during their development, but UTs can be of use for hospitals even after a product has been launched. The present pilot study examines the costs and possible benefits of UT for hospitals before buying new medical devices for theatre. Methods: Two active medical devices with different complexity were tested in a standardized UT and a cost-benefit analysis was carried out assuming a different device bought at the same price with a higher usability could increase the efficiency of task solving and due to that save valuable theatre time. Results: The cost of the UT amounted up to €19.400. Hospitals could benefit from UTs before buying new devices for theatre by reducing time-consuming operator errors and thereby increase productivity and patient safety. The possible benefits amounted from €23.300 to €1.570.000 (median = €797.000). Conclusion: Not only hospitals could benefit economically from investing in a UT before deciding to buy a medical device, but especially patients would profit from a higher usability by reducing possible operator errors and increase safety and performance of use.

scholarly journals The beautiful city and the rent from information. Monetary axiology of the shape surplus [La città bella e la rendita d’informazione. Assiologia monetaria dell’eccedenza di forma]

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Annalaura Giannelli ◽  
Salvatore Giuffrida ◽  
Maria Rosa Trovato
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fundamental Categories ◽  
The Cost

This contribution is part of a larger study concerning the Cost Benefit Analysis of the Madrid-Rio Park, one of the main public works in the field of urban redevelopment in Europe over the last twenty years. The scale of the intervention and its effects on the urban arrangement of the Manzanares River area encourage reflections on some issues of the wealth redistribution in the face of such a huge investment amount; in this experimentation we try to stress some fundamental categories of them. The paper focuses on the monetary quantification of secondary benefits coming from the commercial, accommodation, spor ts and catering businesses located in the large areas made free after the burial of the stretch of the motorway once flanking the river. According to the logic of the business plan, a Discounted Cash Flow Analysis was carried out by transforming all items of the income statement into annual revenue and expenditure streams; therefore, the components of the secondary benefit generated, and their composition were analysed in terms of relevance with respect to the possible earners. At the same time, these results were compared with the data on concession fees charged by the Madrid administration and some hypotheses were made regarding the fees applicable to current and future business, by applying the residual value, as a result of risk and scenario analyses, carried out on the strategic variables of the investments. Finally, the overall result – related to all businesses comprised in the area, with regard to the differentiated concession fees applicable for each class of business – was compared with the current management costs of the park, providing one of the possible measurements of the efficiency of the current concessionary policy and indicating any other further potential.

scholarly journals Comparative study on the cost benefit between indigenous and cross bred cows reared in rural area of Dinajpur District

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
AH Topader ◽  
A Rob
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

A comparative study on cost benefit analysis of crossbred and indigenous cows reared under the small holder dairy was conducted in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 dairy cows (20 crossbred and 50 indigenous) from rural level small and marginal dairy farmers (1-3 cows) were selected. Relevant information from the individual milk producers have been collected through personal interrogation method with the help of a structured data collection questionnaire prepared for the study. The cost involvement for feed, treatment and medication of crossbred cows were significantly higher (P<0.01) than the indigenous dairy cows. The per day milk production was found 1.86 ± 0.57 liter in indigenous cow whereas 5.94 ± 3.49 liter was in crossbred cows and income level from milk yields of crossbred cows were 3.19 times higher than the indigenous cows. The cost benefit ratio of rising crossbred and indigenous dairy cows were 1.19 and 1.26, respectively. The current rearing cost of crossbred cows is 2.71 times higher than indigenous cows. Considering the other traits it may be concluded that the raising of crossbred cows was more economic than the raising of indigenous cows. Since crossbred cows were more economical and gave higher yield than the indigenous cows inclusion of a few crossbred cows can increase the income of a dairy entrepreneur which improve the livelihood and provide round the year employment of its family labour. Key words: Cross bred cows; Indigenous cows; Income; expenditure; Cost benefit ratio DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9696 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 191-196

scholarly journals Recycled Asphalt Shingle Modified Asphalt Mixture Design and Performance Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Wang ◽  
Punyaslok Rath ◽  
William Buttlar
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wheel Tracking

The inclusion of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in asphalt mixtures has become increasingly common; however, the underlying design principles vary significantly by agency. The primary objectives of this study included: (1) evaluating the ‘binder availability’ concept for RAS mixtures through a carefully designed laboratory experiment; (2) demonstrating a balanced mixture performance testing approach for the design of RAS mixtures; and (3) evaluating the field data of RAS mixtures placed in the Midwest region of the U.S. Three asphalt mixture designs with RAS contents of 0.0, 2.5 and 5.0%, which were designed to have nearly identical volumetric characteristics, were investigated. The binder availability was determined to be approximately 100% in the two RAS mixtures considered. In addition, Hamburg wheel tracking and disk-shaped compact tension tests were conducted to evaluate the high- and low-temperature mixture performance. As expected, the addition of RAS significantly improved the rutting resistance. DC(T) test results demonstrated that a soft base binder effectively permitted the design of thermal-crack-resistant RAS mixtures. Field investigations indicated that the performance of pavement surfaces containing RAS was similar to that of surfaces containing only reclaimed asphalt pavement or virgin materials. This study also highlights a performance-engineered mix design approach, which is currently being adopted by several agencies in the Midwest (e.g. Illinois Tollway, Missouri DOT, etc.) and can provide mix designers a reliable approach for designing innovative asphalt mixtures with higher recycling levels and a modern, heterogeneous composition. Furthermore, the proposed approach may prove to be a simpler, more mixture-centric alternative to the primary method suggested in AASHTO PP78-17, which recommends arbitrary VMA bumping plus binder extraction, recovery, and advanced binder testing.

Cost–Benefit Analysis of RAP–Sand Blend Applications in Road Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragab M. Mousa ◽  
Momen R. Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
General Process ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Different Sources

Generally, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been limited to asphalt mixes. Recently, this trend has changed to include using RAP in unbound pavement layers. However, the cost-effectiveness of this application is not well studied. This paper presents a methodology to conduct cost–benefit analyses for using RAP–sand blend in subgrade and subbase layers considering a general process of RAP–sand blend from different sources until it is used in construction. Eight scenarios of RAP–sand blend applications were considered. Each scenario has two pavement sections (control and alternative) and was evaluated using the mechanistic-empirical approach. The benefit of using RAP–sand blend in the alternative section was assessed in terms of saving in asphalt thickness under various equivalent single axle load (ESALs) ranging between 1 and 12 million. Four mixing options were identified, and results for Option 1 (fresh RAP and mixing at site) indicated significant saving ranging between –$ 0.48 and $9.29/m2 depending on the scenario of RAP blend utilization. The highest benefit–cost ratios were also achieved with this option. Estimated benefit–cost ratios ranged between 0.58 and 18.64 depending on the scenario and option considered in the analysis, with uneconomic situations associated with Scenario 3. In this analysis, no significant impact was found for ESALs when their values are above 1 million. Generally, the RAP–sand blend is more effective in reducing required asphalt thickness, especially when used as a subgrade or subbase layer below thinner unbound aggregate layers. The significant saving achieved may encourage future implementation of this blend.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

What's it Worth? Improving Surface Water Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Newsome ◽  
C. D. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Many countries are investing in measures to improve surface water quality, but the investment programmes for so doing are increasingly becoming subject to cost-benefit analysis. Whilst the cost of control measures can usually be determined for individual improvement schemes, there are currently no established procedures for valuing the benefits attributable to improved surface water quality. The paper describes a methodology that has been derived that now makes this possible.

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