scholarly journals Poverty and Sustainable Development under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) with reference to Present Scenario of India: A Case Study of Karbi Anglong District

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantu Kakati
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
The Government ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Employment Guarantee

Poverty is a world-wide and multi-dimensional phenomenon and it exists both in developed and underdeveloped economy. In Rio-Declaration, the commission has given prominence on bio-diversity, climate change, forest management and conservation along with a priority to the poorest sections of the community. The central government of India, under UPA Government, enacted a National Employment Guarantee Act. This would provide a legal guarantee for at least 100 days of employment to begin with an asset-creating public works programmes every year at minimum wages to at least one able bodied person in a family. The act was notified on 7th September, 2005. The significance of the programmes makes the government legally acceptable for providing employment to those who ask for it. It was considered as growth engine for sustainable development of an agricultural economy through the process of providing employment on works that address causes of chronic poverty such as drought, deforestation and soil erosion. The Act seeks to strengthen the natural resource base of rural livelihood and create durable asset in rural areas. The present study has been conducted on the rural population under MGNREGA, who are able to cross their subsistence level of surviving. The incidence of poverty is very high in the different rural areas than estimated by Planning Commission of India (based on Suresh Tendulkar Committee).

Scientific approach using AHP to prioritize low volume rural roads for pavement maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Nautiyal ◽  
Sunil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Government

PurposeA large number of roads have been constructed in the rural areas of India to connect habitations with the nearest major roads. With time, the pavements of these roads have deteriorated and they need some kind of maintenance, although they all do not need maintenance at the same time, as they have all not deteriorated to the same level. Hence, they have to be prioritized for maintenance.Design/methodology/approachIn order to present a scientific methodology for prioritizing pavement maintenance, the factors affecting prioritization and the relative importance of each were identified through an expert survey. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to scientifically establish weight (importance) of each factor based on its relative importance over other factors. The proposed methodology was validated through a case study of 203 low volume rural roads in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. Ranking of these roads in order of their priority for maintenance was presented as the final result.FindingsThe results show that pavement distresses, traffic volume, type of connectivity and the socioeconomic facilities located along a road are the four major factors to be considered in determining the priority of a road for maintenance.Research limitations/implicationsThe methodology provides a comprehensive, scientific and socially responsible pavement maintenance prioritization method which will automatically select roads for maintenance without any bias.Practical implicationsTimely maintenance of roads will also save budgetary expenditure of restoration/reconstruction, leading to enhancement of road service life. The government will not only save money but also provide timely benefit to the needy population.Social implicationsRoad transportation is the primary mode of inland transportation in rural areas. Timely maintenance of the pavements will be of great help to the socioeconomic development of rural areas.Originality/valueThe proposed methodology lays special emphasis on rural roads which are small in length, but large in number. Instead of random, a scientific method for selection of roads for maintenance will be of great help to the public works department for better management of rural road network.

The Denaturation of Environmental Education: Exploring the Role of Ecotechnologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Gough ◽  
Noel Gough
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Resource Base

AbstractThis article explores the changing ways ‘environment’ has been represented in the discourses of environmental education and education for sustainable development (ESD) in United Nations (and related) publications since the 1970s. It draws on the writings of Jean-Luc Nancy and discusses the increasingly dominant view of the environment as a ‘natural resource base for economic and social development’ (United Nations, 2002, p. 2) and how this instrumentalisation of nature is produced by discourses and ‘ecotechnologies’ that ‘identify and define the natural realm in our relationship with it’ (Boetzkes, 2010, p. 29). This denaturation of nature is reflected in the priorities for sustainable development discussed at Rio+20 and proposed successor UNESCO projects. The article argues for the need to reassert the intrinsic value of ‘environment’ in education discourses and discusses strategies for so doing. The article is intended as a wake-up call to the changing context of the ‘environment’ in ESD discourses. In particular, we need to respond to the recent UNESCO (2013a, 2013b) direction of global citizenship education as the successor to the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005–2014 that continues to reinforce an instrumentalist view of the environment as part of contributing to ‘a more just, peaceful, tolerant, inclusive, secure and sustainable world’ (UNESCO, 2013a, p. 3).

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PERCEPATAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-227
Author(s):  
Abustan Abustun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Training

Dalam perjalanan ketatanegaraan Indonesia, sistem pemerintahan desa kembali mulai diseragamkan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran lembaga pemerintahan desa dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan di pedesaan serta tata kelola kebijakan pembangunan desa melalui pemanfaatan Dana Desa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa faktor pendukung pelaksanaan tugas Kepala Desa di Kecamatan Trucuk yaitu adanya pengarahan, bimbingan, serta pelatihan bagi Kepala Desa dalam menyusun rancangan peraturan desa untuk mewujudkan percepatan pembangunan desa yang berkelanjutan. Sedangkan faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan tugas Kepala Desa di Kecamatan Trucuk yaitu rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam menyikapi program kerja yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah desa serta rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam memelihara fasilitas umum yang ada di desa. Pemerintahan desa yang baik adalah sebuah kerangka institusional untuk memperkuat otonomi desa karena secara substantif desentralisasi dan otonomi desa bukan hanya masalah pembagian kewenangan antarlevel pemerintah, melainkan sebagai upaya membawa pemerintah untuk lebih dekat dengan masyarakat. Pemerintah desa yang kuat dan otonom tidak akan bermakna bagi masyarakat tanpa ditopang oleh transparansi, akuntabilitas, responsivitas, dan partisipasi masyarakat.   IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCELERATION OF VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN REALIZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON LAW NUMBER 6 YEAR 2014 ABOUT VILLAGE Abstract In the course of the Indonesian state administration, the village government system began to be uniform again through Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. This research aims to explain the role of village government institutions in the implementation of sustainable development in rural areas and the governance of village development policies through the use of Village Funds. The method used in this research is empirical legal research. The results of this research explain that the supporting factors for the implementation of the duties of the village head in Trucuk Village are direction, guidance, and training for village heads in drafting village regulations to realize the acceleration of sustainable village development. Meanwhile, the factors that hinder the implementation of the duties of the village head in Trucuk Village are the low participation of the community in responding to the work programs run by the village government and the low awareness of the community in maintaining public facilities in the village. Good village governance is an institutional framework to strengthen village autonomy because substantively decentralization and village autonomy are not just a matter of sharing authority between levels of government, but as an effort to bring the government closer to the community. A strong and autonomous village government will not be meaningful to the community without being supported by transparency, accountability, responsiveness and community participation.  

scholarly journals Sustainability and Livelihood vulnerability of Rural People under the first wave of COVID-19 in India: A comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2429-2437
Author(s):  
Arnab Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
The Government ◽  
Life On Earth

Abstract: COVID 19 has totally changed the way of life on Earth. India has been one of the worst affected nations in terms of infection also while harbouring a big chunk of population in the rural areas. It was imperative rural livelihood associated economic sustainability was to be severely affected but the exact extent of the disaster is yet to be known. As things are getting back to life in the new normal, researches regarding the same is under way, but it will be quite a few months or even years before the true picture can be ascertained and according mitigation strategies are adopted. Concrete data is still unavailable, even to some extent in the Government level. This review aims to understand how the pandemic played out on Rural Livelihood with the limited data available on the open platforms like social media and news media. It is tried to collect and comprehensively present the impeccable research work and efforts put in by the grassroot social workers and numerous journalists to collect news and information straight from the battleground, putting their lives to great risk in times of the pandemic. Keywords: Rural Livelihood; Vulnerability; COVID 19; MNREGA; Marginalisation

Rwanda as a Knowledge Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Rehema Baguma
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Telecom Sector

Generating and developing knowledge societies is a key element for sustainable development as defined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Based on a limited natural resource base, Rwanda chose to take an approach to development that differs from that of its neighbours by making ICTs the cornerstone of its development. With this focus, government of Rwanda (GoR) took a Pro-ICT led public policy that has led to several public reforms such as but not limited to liberalization of the telecom sector, enactment of laws to govern electronic messages, signatures, transactions, data protection, cyber-security and ICT usage, development of relevant infrastructure and establishment of key institutions such as the Rwanda Utilities and Regulatory Agency (RURA) and Rwanda Information Society Authority (RISA). These reforms have in turn led to a fast-growing ICT sector in Rwanda compared to that of the neighbours. To-date, Rwanda is one of the fastest growing African countries in ICT. In 2015, Rwanda emerged as the third best ICT country in Sub-Saharan Africa behind South Africa and Seychelles. In 2016, it moved one position up and emerged 2nd behind Seychelles. The fast-growing ICT sector has stimulated entrepreneurial creativity and growth across the economy. This chapter examines the best practices that Rwanda has applied in her journey to a knowledge society that could possibly help other countries in the region pursuing the same objective. The chapter also briefly reviews challenges and gaps in Rwanda's journey to a knowledge society and suggests recommendations for further improvement.

scholarly journals Do Farmers’ Asset Values Correlate with Land Quality?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Ben G.J.S. Sonneveld ◽  
Sally Bunning ◽  
Riccardo Biancalani ◽  
D. Ndiaye ◽  
Freddy Nachtergaele
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Asset Values ◽  
Natural Resource Base

<p>This paper investigates if farmers’ asset values have a predictive power to asses land quality. A rich sustainable livelihood literature describes small farmers’ biophysical and socio-economic environment through asset values, which closely adheres to the required information for an integrated quality appraisal of the natural resource base. For our analysis we use an in-depth survey held among 50 famers’ households in three rural areas of Senegal. Farmers gave scores for their livelihood assets (human, physical, natural, financial and social) and judgments on the state and trend of the quality of their natural resource base (crop land, rangeland, forest and water resources). As our observational data are dominated by unobserved heterogeneity, we refrain from causal statistical analysis and seek associative patterns between asset values and state and trend of natural resource quality using data visualization techniques and descriptive statistics. We compare categorical data on state and trend of land qualities with asset value classes in a frequency distributions evaluation (Chi-square) and with continuous asset value scores in an analysis of variance (ANOVA). For state of forest we found consistent but counterintuitive differences for various asset values with higher asset values for ‘degraded’ classes and lower values for ‘good’ quality of the forests. There is some evidence that trend of forest quality can be derived from asset value scores which were in agreement with our premise of lower scores for low quality and higher scores for better quality. Yet, overall we have to conclude that asset values do not correlate straightforward and unequivocally with state and trend of natural resource quality. </p>

scholarly journals Legal Research on the Right to Rest of Laborers

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Min Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

In 2015, the central government issued a document on building the harmonious labor relations, which emphasized the right to rest of workers and rectified the current severe imbalance of labor relations. This document released a signal to guarantee the sustainable development of the labor force for the future. These measures, such as relative departments perfecting the legislation and law enforcement, the trade union performing their duties actively, employing units and workers raising their awareness and enhancing mutual understanding and branches of the government cooperating, can realize the right to rest of workers to the greatest extent possible.

Environmental Degradation and Some Economic Consequences in the Philippines

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Myers
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Over Exploitation

As this paper demonstrates, the Philippines is undergoing much environmental degradation—mainly in the form of deforestation, soil erosion, disruption of hydrological systems, over-exploitation of fisheries, destruction of coral reefs, and extinction of species. These problems are accentuated by the pressures of a large, fast-growing and impoverished population; and they may shortly start to be aggravated yet more by climatic change in the wake of the global ‘greenhouse effect’. Moreover, and as this paper further makes plain, the environmental degradation leads to adverse economic consequences that are pervasive and profound—as may be expected in a country where several salient sectors of development are dependent upon the natural-resource base. In the long run, indeed, environmental degradation could well preclude the Philippines' prospects for sustainable development.

The application of sustainability concepts to Australian agriculture: an overview

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stoneham ◽  
M. Eigenraam ◽  
A. Ridley ◽  
N. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Weak Sustainability ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Basic Standards

This paper reviews the concepts of sustainable development in an economic, environmental and social context. Weak and strong versions of sustainable development are reviewed and applied to the agricultural sector. The paper demonstrates that despite any degradation of the natural resource base, the agricultural sector is more productive now than in the past. This has occurred because the rate of investment in research and development (resulting in increased reproducible capital) has more than offset the rate of degradation in the natural capital stock. Science, it is argued, is part of the economic system that allocates productive capacity between current and future generations. Increases in expenditure on agricultural R&D since the 1950s have ensured that past generations have transferred productive capacity to future generations. With respect to the environment, the authors argue that a strong version of sustainable development may be appropriate, particularly where there are uncertain and irreversible outcomes. Finally, it has been observed that a hybrid version of social sustainability has been adopted in Australia. While resource mobility in the agricultural sector has been generally encouraged (weak sustainability) this has been underpinned by a welfare system that ensures basic standards of well-being and opportunity (strong sustainability).

scholarly journals Household Level Impact Assessment of MGNREGA Scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Wage Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Impact

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA) has been notified by the Government of India on 7th September 2005 with the primary objective of enhancing the livelihood security of the unskilled labors in the rural areas of the country by providing guaranteed wage employment to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The MGNREGA, which is one of the flagship projects of the government, promises 100 days of work per year to the unemployed at a CPI inflation-indexed wage rate. As there is an increase in the disposable income on account of the implementation of the scheme, it is expected that the standard of living and the expenditure pattern of the household covered under the MGNREGA scheme would undergo a tremendous change. As most of the expenditure of the rural households covered under the scheme is supposed to be drastically changed, it is felt that there is a need to study the impact of the scheme on these households. This paper is an extract from a Ph. D Thesis titled Household and Village Level Impact of MGNREGS on Governance at the Grassroots: An Assessment of Gram Panchayats in Tamil Nadu. Submitted to the Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University

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