FORMULATION OF 0.5%AZITHROMYCIN GEL AS LOCAL DRUG DELIVERY AGENT FOR PERIODONTAL THERAPY- INVITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDY

Context: Non surgical periodontal therapy is the gold standard treatment for periodontitis. But the invasive nature of subgingival microorganisms makes the use of antimicrobials inevitable. These antimicrobials can be used systemically and locally. Due the side effects posed by systemic administration of antibiotics local drug delivery is more favourable. Various local drug delivery agents are commercially available for periodontal therapy. Studies have shown that azithromycin is effective against periodontal pathogens so, it can be used in periodontitis treatment. But the use of azithromycin as local drug delivery agent is rare. Aims: The present study aims at formulation of 0.5% azithromycin gel as local drug delivery agent for periodontal therapy with PLGA as vehicle and invitro drug release evaluation in articial saliva. Settings and Design: Formulation of 0.5%azithromycin was done and articial saliva prepared. Azithromycin gel was placed in a dialysis tube. The dialysis tube was then placed in a beaker containing 100ml of articial Saliva. A total of eight samples were collected for a period of seven days. The amount of drug release was estimated using HPLC. Results: The results showed that the concentration of azithromycin in samples collected was greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration of most the periodontal pathogens. Conclusions:The formulation of 0.5% azithromycin can be used as local drug delivery agent adjunct to scaling and root planning.

Download Full-text

Development of Oral Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Of Rosuvastatin Calcium: Formulation, Characterization, And In-Vitro Drug Release Study

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.01.296 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

Drug Release Study ◽

Release Study ◽

Rosuvastatin Calcium

Download Full-text

Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Local Doxycycline and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Raluca Cosgarea ◽

Sigrun Eick ◽

Ionela Batori-Andronescu ◽

Søren Jepsen ◽

Nicole B. Arweiler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Supportive Periodontal Therapy ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Attachment Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone or combined with either local drug delivery (LDD) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in persistent/recurrent pockets in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). A total of 105 patients enrolled in SPT were randomly treated as follows: group A (n = 35): SI +PDT and 7 days later 2nd PDT; group B (n = 35): SI+LDD; group C (n = 35): SI (control). Prior intervention, at 3 and 6 months after therapy, probing pocket depths, clinical attachment level, number of treated sites with bleeding on probing (n BOP), full mouth plaque and bleeding scores (gingival bleeding index, %BOP) were recorded. At the same time points, 8 periodontopathogens were quantitatively determined. All three treatments resulted in statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) of all clinical parameters without statistically significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). Several bacterial species were reduced in both test groups, with statistically significantly higher reductions for LDD compared to PDT and the control group. In conclusion, the present data indicate that: (a) In periodontal patients enrolled in SPT, treatment of persistent/recurrent pockets with SI alone or combined with either PDT or LDD may lead to comparable clinical improvements and (b) the adjunctive use of LDD appears to provide better microbiological improvements for some periodontal pathogens than SI alone or combined with PDT.

Download Full-text

Clinical Efficacy of Repeated Applications of Local Drug Delivery and Adjunctive Agents in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10101178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1178

Author(s):

Oi Leng Tan ◽

Syarida Hasnur Safii ◽

Masfueh Razali

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Repeated Applications

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the clinical efficacy of repeated applications of local drug delivery and adjunctive agents (LDAs) in nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) compared to subgingival mechanical debridement (SMD) alone. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, hand-searched literature and grey literature databases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with a minimum of 6-month follow-up. The outcomes of interest were changes in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level as well as patient-centred outcomes. Of 1094 studies identified, 16 RCTs were included in the qualitative analysis. Across 11 different adjuncts analysed, only two studies utilizing minocycline gel/ointment and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with indocyanine green photosensitizer had statistically significant differences in primary outcomes when compared to their control groups. Only one study on aPDT methylene blue 0.005% had compared single versus multiple applications against its control group. A mean range of 0.27–3.82 mm PD reduction and −0.09–2.82 mm CAL gain were observed with repeated LDA application. Considerable clinical heterogeneity and methodological flaws in the included studies preclude any definitive conclusions regarding the clinical efficacy of repeated LDA applications. Future RCTs with a direct comparison between single and repeated applications should be conducted to confirm or refute the clinical advantages of repeated LDA application in the nonsurgical management of periodontitis.

Download Full-text

Monitoring of Antimicrobial Drug Chloramphenicol Release from Electrospun Nano- and Microfiber Mats using UV Imaging and Bacterial Bioreporters

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11090487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 487 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Preem ◽

Bock ◽

Hinnu ◽

Putrinš ◽

Sagor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

High Performance ◽

Model Systems ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Release Behavior ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Uv Imaging

New strategies are continuously sought for the treatment of skin and wound infections due to increased problems with non-healing wounds. Electrospun nanofiber mats with antibacterial agents as drug delivery systems provide opportunities for the eradication of bacterial infections as well as wound healing. Antibacterial activities of such mats are directly linked with their drug release behavior. Traditional pharmacopoeial drug release testing settings are not always suitable for analyzing the release behavior of fiber mats intended for the local drug delivery. We tested and compared different drug release model systems for the previously characterized electrospun chloramphenicol (CAM)-loaded nanofiber (polycaprolactone (PCL)) and microfiber (PCL in combination with polyethylene oxide) mats with different drug release profiles. Drug release into buffer solution and hydrogel was investigated and drug concentration was determined using either high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, or ultraviolet (UV) imaging. The CAM release and its antibacterial effects in disc diffusion assay were assessed by bacterial bioreporters. All tested model systems enabled to study the drug release from electrospun mats. It was found that the release into buffer solution showed larger differences in the drug release rate between differently designed mats compared to the hydrogel release tests. The UV imaging method provided an insight into the interactions with an agarose hydrogel mimicking wound tissue, thus giving us information about early drug release from the mat. Bacterial bioreporters showed clear correlations between the drug release into gel and antibacterial activity of the electrospun CAM-loaded mats.

Download Full-text