scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN CASES OF OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Spriha Smriti ◽  
Babita Kumari ◽  
Pratulya Nandan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Bone Cortex

Introduction- Osteomyelitis refers to infection of bone marrow which spread to the bone cortex and periosteum. Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by pyogenic bacteria. Despite greater advances in treatment the management of osteomyelitis is quite challenging due to increasing development of antibiotic resistance. Material and Methods -100 patients were evaluated. Samples like pus or exudates or pieces of necrotic tissue were taken. Samples were subjected to gram’s staining and culture. Antimicrobial sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS - Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae P. aeuroginosa and Proteus. Staphylococcus aureus + E coli was the most common polymicrobial organism isolated. In trauma cases most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamycin was the commonest antibiotic which was effective for treatment of osteomyelitis followed by amikacin, tobramycin and levofloxacin.In cases of gram positive organism max were seen to sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.

scholarly journals Determination of Vancomycin and Linezolid Resistance Among Staphylococcal Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
R. Shakthi D. Venkatesha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the commonest causes of hospital acquired infections. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA. Increase in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Vancomycin has been observed in both Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcal isolates. In critically ill patients, Vancomycin has become a poor therapeutic antibiotic whereas; Linezolid has emerged as an alternative drug in treating such patients. This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity pattern among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to Vancomycin and Linezolid, in order to formulate a better treatment.100 S. aureuswere isolated from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and MICs of Vancomycin and Linezolid were determined by E-test following CLSI guidelines. Out of 100 S. aureus isolated, 68 were MRSA strains. Among 68 strains of MRSA for which MIC levels of Vancomycin 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 4, 27, and 37 respectively. Similarly, out of total MRSA strains MIC levels of Linezolid 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 1, 25, and 42 respectively. All 100 strains showed similar in-vitro efficacy for Vancomycin and Linezolid by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, but the number of strains with higher ranges of MICs of Vancomycin were more as compared to those which had higher ranges of MICs for Linezolid. Hence we suggest that Linezolid can be used as an alternative for the treatment of MRSA.

scholarly journals Study the Inhibitory Effect of Garlic Extract on S. aureus and E. coli of MultiResistance to Antibiotics.

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Batool Hazim Al-Daherie Al-Daherie ◽  
Oruba Khalid Abbas Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Ofstaphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli

This Study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic extract against multidrug resistance ofStaphylococcus aureus and E. coli isolated from urine. Isolates were identified by usingbiochemical tests. The susceptibility of these microorganisms towards the most effectiveantibiotics were studied by using disc diffusion method. The multidrug resistancemicroorganisms were challenged with garlic extract using serial dilutions and the technology ofELISA spectrophotometer. The results of this study showed that ten isolates of E. coli and eightisolates of Staphylococcus aureus out of sixty isolates were resistant to all antibiotics. Garlicextract significantly inhibits the growth of these bacteria in a concentration independent manner.This study showed that garlic extract exerts a promising antibacterial effect against multidrugresistance of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli.

scholarly journals METHICILLIN RESISTANCE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) FROM CSOM IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
A.V. Kavitha ◽  
Thyagarajan Ravinder ◽  
Radhika Katragadda ◽  
Leela Vajravelu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is one of the major cause of preventable hearing loss if treated promptly. Emergence of resistant strains in the world is of great concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from CSOM cases with special emphasis on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and methods: Ear swabs were collected from 212 patients attending otorhinolaryngology department, GKMC, Chennai was processed in Microbiology lab. Direct gram staining was done and then inoculated into Blood, MacConkey and Nutrient agar. Bacterial identification was done using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected by Cefoxitin disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: 60 Gram positive bacteria were isolated from collected ear swabs. Staphylococcus aureus 46(26.59%) was the most common bacteria among Gram positive organism followed by CONS 9(5.20%) and Enterococci 5(2.89%). Staphylococcus aureus showed 41(89.13%) was sensitive to amikacin and 40(86.95%) to ofloxacin. All the Gram Positive cocci were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid. 19.53% were confirmed as MRSA by cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Microbial pattern can vary in different location in different periods of time. Hence knowledge of appropriate aetiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of CSOM helps in rational use of antibiotics and control of drug resistance.MRSA is emerging as an important pathogen in CSOM. Empirical antibiotics should be directed to gram positives, and especially, MRSA should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-year Retrospective Study from Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bassey Ewa Ekeng ◽  
Ubleni Ettah Emanghe ◽  
Bernard Ekpan Monjol ◽  
Anthony Achizie Iwuafor ◽  
Ernest Afu Ochang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Culture Positive

Aim: Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of causative microorganisms varies from one geographical region to another. This study was aimed at determining the etiological agents prevalent in our environment and their susceptibility profile. Study design: This is a retrospective study carried out at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Methodology: Blood culture results of patients documented over a two-year period were retrieved and analyzed. Blood culture positive isolates were detected using conventional method and Oxoid signal blood culture systems. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) was detected by disk diffusion method using 30 µg cefoxitin disk. ESBL production was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) and the double disc synergy test (DDST). Results: A total of 413 blood culture antimicrobial susceptibility test results were analyzed, of which 116 (28.09%) were identified as culture positive. Sixty-nine (59%) of the positive isolates were from female patients. Out of 116 positive cultures, 58.62% (68/116) were Gram positive organisms, 40.52% (47/116) were Gram negative organisms, non albicans Candida accounted for 0.86% (1/116).  Staphylococcus aureus (n=41, 35.3%) was the predominant isolate and showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin (100%), Linezolid (100%) and Amikacin (100%). Twelve isolates of S. aureus were methicillin resistant, while 1 isolate was inducible clindamycin resistant. Of the 116 isolates identified in this study, forty-three (43) were multidrug resistant with highest number of multidrug resistant isolates from Staphylococcus aureus (n=20). 21.28% (n=10) of the Gram-negative isolates were positive for extended spectrum beta lactamases. Conclusion: A high rate of antimicrobial resistance is observed among microorganisms causing blood stream infections. This emphasizes the need for antimicrobial sensitivity testing in the management of blood stream infections.

High incidence of treatment failure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates to ciprofloxacin in male gonococcal urethritis in Delhi

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Chowdhry ◽  
D Pandhi ◽  
S Vidhani ◽  
P Bhalla ◽  
B S N Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Response ◽  
Gonococcal Urethritis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Several treatment failures and widespread antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin have been documented, subsequent to its initial recommendation in 1989 as a single dose alternative therapy for gonorrhoea. Still, it continues to be part of various treatment schedules in National STD control guidelines including India. This prompted us to study the current status of this drug in the treatment of gonorrhoea. Thirty-five male patients with gonococcal urethritis were included in the study. The susceptibility to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin by agar plate dilution method. The clinical and bacteriological response was assessed on day 5 after treatment with single dose ciprofloxacin, 500 mg. The sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was observed to be: ceftriaxone 100%, azithromycin 100%, tetracycline 65.7%, penicillin 40% and ciprofloxacin 5.7% by disc diffusion method. The MIC for ciprofloxacin was below 0.06 µg/mL (sensitive) in one (2.5%) isolate only. On the fifth day a large number of treatment failures (88.5%) were seen with ciprofloxacin while none was noted one week after re-treatment with ceftriaxone. The location of endemic quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) in New Delhi has increased alarmingly, resulting in an extremely high proportion of therapeutic failures, and thus requiring appropriate alterations in the presently recommended treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Piperine Analogues Containing 1,2,4-Triazole Ring

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080
Author(s):  
Kottakki Naveen Kumar ◽  
Karteek Rao Amperayani ◽  
V. Ravi Sankar Ummdi ◽  
Uma Devi Parimi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Triazole Ring ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms

A series 1,2,4-triazole piperine analogues (TP1-TP6) were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Antibacterial study was done using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative micro-organisms (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. Compound containing chloro substitution (TP6) showed the highest effect, while compound TP1, TP3, TP4, TP5 showed the moderate activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a New Conjugates of Imidazole wih Beta Lactam Moiety and Evaluation of its Expanded Antibacterial Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2495-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmd D. Noori ◽  
Mazin N. Mousa ◽  
Shaker A. N. Al-Jadaan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir

Five compounds containing (2,4,5-triphenyl triphenyl-1H-) and azetidinone (beta-lactam) moiety were synthesized. The physical data and yield of synthesized compounds were recorded, the chemical structure of prepared compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method that involve tow Gram positive (staph. aureus, E. Faecalis), two Gram negative (E. coli and ‎K. pneumoniae), and one anaerobic bacteria (streptococcus. Pyogen). Different concentration of the prepared compounds has been used, and the obtained result were compared with standard (ceftazidime). Compound (5c) showed the best antibacterial activity against all bacterial species while 5a and 5e does not. Other compounds showed activity against some species.

In vitro sensitivity of Hungarian Actinobaculum suis strains to selected antimicrobials

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Biksi ◽  
Andrea Major ◽  
L. Fodor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Almost All

In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity of 12 Hungarian isolates and the type strain ATCC 33144 of Actinobaculum suis to different antimicrobial compounds was determined both by the agar dilution and by the disc diffusion method. By agar dilution, MIC50 values in the range of 0.05-3.125µg/ml were determined for penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur, doxycycline, tylosin, pleuromutilins, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and lincomycin. The MIC50 value of oxytetracycline and spectinomycin was 6.25 and 12.5µg/ml, respectively. For ofloxacin, flumequine, neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and sulphamethoxazole + trimethoprim MIC50 values were in the range of 25-100µg/ml. With the disc diffusion method, all strains were sensitive to penicillin, cephalosporins examined, chloramphenicol and florfenicol, tetracyclines examined, pleuromutilins, lincomycin and tylosin. Variable sensitivity was observed for fluoroquinolones (flumequine, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin), most of the strains were susceptible to marbofloxacin. Almost all strains were resistant to aminoglycosides but most of them were sensitive to spectinomycin. A strong correlation was determined for disc diffusion and MIC results (Spearman's rho 0.789, p<0001). MIC values of the type strain and MIC50 values of other tested strains did not differ significantly. Few strains showed a partially distinct resistance pattern for erythromycin, lincomycin and ampicillin in both methods.

scholarly journals Interpretive criteria to differentiate low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Elane Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Couto Marques Cardozo ◽  
Elizabeth de Andrade Marques ◽  
Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos ◽  
Marcia Giambiagi deMarval
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified into three mupirocin susceptibility groups by the disc diffusion method using 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs. The zone diameter observed for a 5 μg disc distinguished MupS from the resistant strains (either MupRL or MupRH). On the other hand, a 200 μg disc distinguished the high-resistance MupRH strains from the other two (MupS or MupRL). Thus, the concomitant use of 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs allowed the clear distinction among the three mupirocin susceptibility groups, MupS, MupRL or MupRH.

scholarly journals Frequency of Detection ofEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp., andCampylobacterspp. in the Faeces of Wild Rats (Rattusspp.) in Trinidad and Tobago

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comfort Nkogwe ◽  
Juliah Raletobana ◽  
Alva Stewart-Johnson ◽  
Sharianne Suepaul ◽  
Abiodun Adesiyun
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
O157 Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wild Rats

The study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation ofSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157 in the faecal samples of rats trapped across the regional corporations in Trinidad and to assess their resistance to antimicrobial agents. A total of 204 rats were trapped for the detection of selected bacteria. Standard methods were used to isolateSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157. Characterization ofE. coliwas done on sorbitol MacConkey agar to determine non-sorbitol fermentation, blood agar to determine haemolytic and mucoid colonies and by usingE. coliO157 antiserum to determine O157 strain. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to nine antimicrobial agents. Of the 204 rats, 4 (2.0%), 7 (3.4%) and 171 (83.8%) were positive forSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacterspp. andE. coli, respectively. Of the 171 isolates ofE. colitested 0 (0.0%), 25 (14.6%) and 19 (11.1%) were haemolytic, mucoid and non-sorbitol fermenters, respectively. All isolates were negative for the O157 strain. The frequency of resistance to the 9 antimicrobial agents tested was 75% (3 of 4) forSalmonella, 85.7% (6 of 7) ofCampylobacterspp. and 36.3% (62 of 171) forE. coli(;χ2).

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