COMPARISON OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES BETWEEN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES IMMUNIZED WITH COMMERCIAL BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN RB51 VACCINE IN BANGLADESH

Background: The effective control and eradication of brucellosis can be achieved by rapid and accurate diagnosis and effective vaccination but both have limitations. Therefore, brucellosis research is currently focused on the improvement of the diagnosis and vaccine induced prophylaxis. Moreover, diagnostic tests and immunization have not been thoroughly studied in buffaloes and even not compared with cattle. Therefore, the comparative evaluation of the immunological responses of Brucella vaccinated cattle and buffaloes would be required for both the diagnosis and vaccine induced efficacy. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to compare the humoral immune response (HIR) between cattle and buffalo cows immunized with B. abortus RB51 vaccine by using indirect ELISA Materials and Methods: Each of the three randomly selected B. abortus sero-negative native cows and three buffaloes received 2.0 ml imported commercial B. abortus SRB51 vaccine subcutaneously in the neck region at day 0 and then booster dose at 60 days after first vaccination with similar dose and route. Each of the collected serum samples of both the cattle and buffaloes was tested to detect the antibody status by using commercial indirect ELISA kit. Results: The results showed that the OD value of the serum of cows and buffalos before inoculation of RB51 B. abortus vaccine was 0.088 ± 0.009 and 0.096  0.011 at 0 week and 0.124 ± 0.018 and 0.111  0.010 at 1st week, near about the negative control OD value (0.106). After that, the OD value started to rise from the 2nd week (OD value (0.144 ± 0.023 and 0.1333  0.007) and reached to a peak level at 90 days (OD value 0.376  0.0080 and 0.316  0.219) and then started to decline from 120 days (OD value 0.2963  0.0416 and 0.2863  0.070) to 180 days (OD value 0.1943 0.073 and 0.176 0.172) in cows and buffalos respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the RB51 vaccination has induced satisfactory HIR with initial inoculation but significantly higher immune responses with booster immunization which enhancing immunity against both in the cattle and buffaloes. The CMI plays major role in protection against brucellosis needs further investigation in both cattle and buffaloes in Bangladesh. Keywords: Brucellosis, SRB51 vaccine, Humoral immune response (HIR), I-ELISA, Cattle and Buffaloes

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Humoral Immune Response after Primary Rubella Virus Infection and after Vaccination

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00032-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 644-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

C. Vauloup-Fellous ◽

L. Grangeot-Keros

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Rubella Virus ◽

Primary Infection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Rubella Virus Infection

ABSTRACT We measured rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM levels, as well as IgG avidity indexes, in serum samples taken before or after 6 months either after infection or after vaccination. The results obtained indicate that humoral immune responses are different after primary infection and after vaccination. This may have important consequences on the serological diagnosis of rubella virus infection.

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Vaccination strategy and anti - SARS-CoV-2 S titers in healthcare workers of the INT – IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy)

Infectious Agents and Cancer ◽

10.1186/s13027-021-00375-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ernesta Cavalcanti ◽

Maria Antonietta Isgrò ◽

Domenica Rea ◽

Lucia Di Capua ◽

Giusy Trillò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have spread to millions of people globally, requiring the development of billions of different vaccine doses. The SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine (named BNT162b2/Pfizer), authorized by the FDA, has shown high efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after administration of two doses in individuals 16 years of age and older. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the differences in the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response after vaccine administration in the two different cohorts of workers at the INT - IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale” Cancer Center (Naples, Italy): previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Methods We determined specific anti-RBD (receptor-binding domain) titers against trimeric spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 by Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay in serum samples of 35 healthcare workers with a previous documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 158 healthcare workers without, after 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Moreover, geometric mean titers and relative fold changes (FC) were calculated. Results Both previously infected and not infected to SARS-CoV-2 subjects developed significant immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of 1 and 2 doses of vaccine, respectively. Anti-S antibody responses to the first dose of vaccine were significantly higher in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects in comparison to titers of not infected subjects after the first as well as the second dose of vaccine. Fold changes for subjects previously infected to SARS-CoV-2 was very modest, given the high basal antibody titer, as well as the upper limit of 2500.0 BAU/mL imposed by the Roche methods. Conversely, for naïve subjects, mean fold change following the first dose was low ($$ \overline{x} $$ x ¯ =1.6), reaching 3.8 FC in 72 subjects (45.6%) following the second dose. Conclusions The results showed that, as early as the first dose, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals developed a remarkable and statistically significant immune response in comparison to those who did not contract the virus previously, suggesting the possibility of administering only one dose in previously SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. FC for previously infected subjects should not be taken into account for the generally high pre-vaccination values. Conversely, FC for not infected subjects, after the second dose, were = 3.8 in > 45.0% of vaccinees, and ≤ 3.1 in 19.0%, the latter showing a potential susceptibility to further SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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TLR4 regulates rabies virus-induced humoral immunity through recruitment of cDC2 to lymph organs

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00829-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Chen ◽

Chengguang Zhang ◽

Haoqi Li ◽

Zongmei Wang ◽

Yueming Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Humoral Immunity ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Critical Role ◽

Wild Type ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Molecular Patterns

Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is fatal to both humans and animals around the world. Effective clinical therapy for rabies has not been achieved, and vaccination is the most effective means of preventing and controlling rabies. Although different vaccines, such as live attenuated and inactivated vaccines, can induce different immune responses, different expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) also causes diverse immune responses. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pivotal PRR that induces cytokine production and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Importantly, TLR4 recognizes various virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and virus-induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), usually leading to the activation of immune cells. However, the role of TLR4 in the humoral immune response induced by RABV has not been revealed yet. Based on TLR4-deficient ( TLR4 -/- ) and wild-type (WT) mouse models, we report that TLR4-dependent recruitment of the conventional type-2 dendritic cells (CD8α - CD11b + cDC2) into secondary lymph organs (SLOs) is critical for antigen presentation. cDC2-initiated differentiation of Tfh cells promotes the proliferation of germinal centre (GC) B cells, the formation of GCs, and the production of plasma cells (PCs), all of which contribute to the production of RABV-specific IgG and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs). Collectively, our work demonstrates that TLR4 is necessary for the recruitment of cDC2 and for the induction of RABV-induced humoral immunity, which is regulated by the cDC2-Tfh-GC B axis. IMPORTANCE Vaccination is the most efficient method to prevent rabies. TLR4, a well-known immune sensor, plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response. Here, we found that TLR4 deficiency ( TLR4 -/- ) mice suppressed the induction of humoral immune response after immunization with rabies virus (RABV), including reduced production of VNAs and RABV-specific IgG, compared with that occurred in wild-type (WT) mice. As a consequence, TLR4 -/- mice exhibited higher mortality than WT mice after challenge with virulent RABV. Importantly, further investigation found that TLR4 signaling promoted the recruitment of cDC2 (CD8α + CD11b - ), a subset of cDCs known to induce CD4 + T cell immunity through their MHC-II presentation machinery. Our results imply that TLR4 is indispensable for an efficient humoral response to rabies vaccine, which provides new insight into the development of novel rabies vaccines.

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The Humoral Immune Response to Various Domains of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis in Cutaneous Anthrax Cases in India

Defence Science Journal ◽

10.14429/dsj.66.10805 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anshul Varshney ◽

Nidhi Puranik ◽

M. Kumar ◽

A.K. Goel

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Bacillus Anthracis ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Protective Antigen ◽

Lethal Factor ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cutaneous Anthrax

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis is known to occur globally since antiquity. Besides being an important biothreat agent, it is an important public health importance pathogen also in countries like India. B. anthracis secretes three distinct toxins, namely protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). PA is the central moiety of the anthrax toxin complex and therefore has been a molecule of choice for vaccine development. PA has four different domains with different functions. In this study, the major domains of PA were cloned and expressed in bacterial system. The purified recombinant proteins were used to determine the humoral immune response by ELISA using 43 human cutaneous anthrax serum samples. The maximum immunoreactivity was observed with the whole PA protein followed by domain 2, 4 and 1. The study corroborated that in addition to full PA, individual domain 2 and 4 can also be good target for vaccine development as well as for serodiagnostic assays for cutaneous anthrax

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Antibody response against HERV-W env surface peptides differentiates multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational and Clinical ◽

10.1177/2055217317742425 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 205521731774242 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giannina Arru ◽

Elia Sechi ◽

Sara Mariotto ◽

Alessia Farinazzo ◽

Chiara Mancinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Immune Response ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Antigenic Peptides ◽

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune

Background A specific humoral immune response against HERV-W envelope surface (env-su) glycoprotein antigens has been reported in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it has not been evaluated to date in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Objective The objective of this paper is to investigate whether antibody (Ab) response against HERV-W env-su antigenic peptides differs between NMOSD and MS. Methods Serum samples were collected from 36 patients with NMOSD, 36 patients with MS and 36 healthy control individuals (HCs). An indirect ELISA was set up to detect specific Abs against HERV-W env-su peptides. Results Our data showed that two antigenic peptides, particularly HERV-Wenv93–108 and HERV-Wenv248–262, were statistically significantly present only in serum of MS compared to NMOSD and HCs. Thus, the specific humoral immune response against HERV-W env-su glycoprotein antigens found in MS is widely missing in NMOSD. Conclusion Increased circulating serum levels of these HERV-W Abs may be suitable as additional biomarkers to better differentiate MS from NMOSD.

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Recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain as a Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.712274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Byoung-Jun Kim ◽

Hyein Jeong ◽

Hyejun Seo ◽

Mi-Hyun Lee ◽

Hyun Mu Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Single Dose ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Receptor Binding ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

Binding Domain ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Live Virus ◽

Humoral Immune

At present, concerns that the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants could compromise the current vaccines have been raised, highlighting the urgent demand for new vaccines capable of eliciting T cell-mediated immune responses, as well as B cell-mediated neutralizing antibody production. In this study, we developed a novel recombinant Mycobacterium paragordonae expressing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) (rMpg-RBD-7) that is capable of eliciting RBD-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice. The potential use of rMpg-RBD-7 as a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 infections was evaluated in in vivo using mouse models of two different modules, one for single-dose vaccination and the other for two-dose vaccination. In a single-dose vaccination model, we found that rMpg-RBD-7 versus a heat-killed strain could exert an enhanced cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, as well as a humoral immune response capable of neutralizing the RBD and ACE2 interaction. In a two-dose vaccination model, rMpg-RBD-7 in a two-dose vaccination could also exert a stronger CMI and humoral immune response to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infections in pseudoviral or live virus infection systems, compared to single dose vaccinations of rMpg-RBD or two-dose RBD protein immunization. In conclusion, our data showed that rMpg-RBD-7 can lead to an enhanced CMI response and humoral immune responses in mice vaccinated with both single- or two-dose vaccination, highlighting its feasibility as a novel vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which mycobacteria is used as a delivery system for a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

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Association between Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity after Vaccination with BNT162b2

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9101089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Stilla Bauernfeind ◽

Bernd Salzberger ◽

Florian Hitzenbichler ◽

Karolina Scigala ◽

Sebastian Einhauser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Medical Center ◽

Neutralization Activity ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽

Severe Adverse Reactions

It is not clear whether there is an association between adverse reactions and immune response after vaccination. Seven hundred and thirty-five vaccinees from our University Medical Center vaccination clinic provided information about sex, age and adverse reactions after first and second vaccination with BNT162b2. Adverse reactions were categorized into three groups: no or minor on the injection side, moderate (not further classified) and severe—defined as any symptom(s) resulting in sick leave. We chose 38 vaccinees with the most severe adverse reactions and compared their humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses after second vaccination with those of 38 sex and age matched controls without or only minor injection-side related adverse reactions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG titers were detectable in all participants (median 5528; range 958–26,285). Men with severe adverse reactions had 1.5-fold higher median SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG titers compared to men without adverse reactions (median 7406 versus 4793; p < 0.001). Similarly; neutralization activity was significantly higher in men with severe adverse reactions (half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) median 769 versus 485; p < 0.001). Reactogenicity did not influence humoral immune response in women nor T-cell-mediated immune response in any sex. To conclude; adverse reactions after vaccination with BNT162b2 do influence humoral immune response yet only in men and are not a prerequisite for a robust antibody response.

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Humoral Response to Microbial Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10215153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 5153

Author(s):

Seyedesomaye Jasemi ◽

Gian Luca Erre ◽

Maria Luisa Cadoni ◽

Marco Bo ◽

Leonardo A. Sechi

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Microbial Biomarkers ◽

Significant Difference

Background/Objective: Chronic humoral immune response against multiple microbial antigens may play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of antibody response against various bacterial and viral immunogen peptides in the sera of RA patients compared with the general population. Methods: Polyclonal IgG antibodies (Abs) specific for peptides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (RgpA, Kpg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (LtxA1, LtxA2), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP4027), Epstein–Barr virus (EBNA1, EBVBOLF), and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-W env-su) were detected by ELISA in serum samples from 148 consecutive RA patients and 148 sex and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, the presence of a relationship between the positivity and the titer of antibodies and RA descriptors was explored by bivariate correlation analysis. Results: RA patients exhibit a higher prevalence of humoral immune response against all tested peptides compared to HCs with a statically significant difference for MAP4027 (30.4% vs. 10.1%), BOLF (25.7% vs. 8.1%), RgpA (24.3% vs. 9.4%), HERV W-env (20.3% vs. 9.4%), and EBNA1 (18.9% vs. 9.4%) peptides. Fifty-three (35.8%) out of 148 RA serum and 93 (62.8%) out of 148 HCs were negative for all pathogen-derived peptides. There was a significant correlation between OD values obtained by ELISA test against all peptides (p < 0.0001). We also found an increased titer and prevalence of Abs against LtxA1 and LtxA2 in seropositive vs. seronegative RF (p = 0.019, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significantly increased humoral response against multiple pathogens in patients with RA and implies that they could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Therefore, the role of each individual pathogen in RA needs to be further investigated.

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Evaluation of Passive Immunity Induced by Immunisation Using Two Inactivated gE-deleted Marker Vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Calves

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Stefano Petrini ◽

Cecilia Righi ◽

Carmen Iscaro ◽

Giulio Viola ◽

Paola Gobbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Calf Serum ◽

Passive Immunity ◽

Control Group ◽

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Glycoprotein E ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Newborn Calves

Different types of vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) are commercially available. Among these, inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are commonly used, but their ability to induce passive immunity is poorly known. Here, we evaluated the passive immunity transferred from dams immunised with commercial inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccines to calves. We vaccinated 12 pregnant cattle devoid of neutralising antibodies against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and divided them into two groups with 6 animals each. Both groups were injected with a different inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine administrated via intranasal or intramuscular routes. An additional 6 pregnant cattle served as the unvaccinated control group. After calving, the number of animals in each group was increased by the newborn calves. In the dams, the humoral immune response was evaluated before calving and, subsequently, at different times until post-calving day 180 (PCD180). In addition, the antibodies in colostrum, milk, and in serum samples from newborn calves were evaluated at different times until PCD180. The results indicated that inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are safe and produce a good humoral immune response in pregnant cattle until calving and PCD180. Moreover, results showed that, in calf serum, passive immunity persists until PCD180.

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Circulating MUC1 Levels (CA15.3) in Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPD)

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.5237.5237 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 5237-5237

Author(s):

Aurelia Rughetti ◽

Angelo Fama ◽

Silvia von Mensdorff-Pouilly ◽

Federica Taurino ◽

Hassan Rahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Core Protein ◽

Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽

Control Group ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Apoptosis Resistance ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Ca 15.3 ◽

Humoral Immune

Abstract MUC1 is a glycoprotein expressed on the luminal surface of simple epithelia. In carcinoma, MUC1 overexpression is associated with malignancy. In breast cancer patients, increased levels of circulating MUC1 (CA 15.3 tumor marker) are associated with poor prognosis (Tumour Biol.2005; 26:217–20). In myeloma, MUC1 overexpression correlates with apoptosis resistance. We have previously shown (Br J Haematol.2003; 120:344–52) that MUC1 is selectively found in differentiating erythroid cells suggesting a possible role as cross-talk molecule between erythroblasts and bone marrow microenvironment during erythropoiesis. In CD34+ cells cultured in the presence of EPO and SCF, MUC1 is expressed before Glycophorin A (GlyA) during the erythroid differentiation process, and disappears following GlyA up-regulation. Aiming to evaluate the role of MUC1 in the erythroid counterpart present in neoplastic haemopoiesis, we studied MUC1 serum circulating levels in patients affected by Ph-negative Myeloproliferative Chronic Disorders (MPD). We analysed serum samples from 42 MPD patients affected by Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) (N 25, 14, and 3, respectively). CA15.3 (soluble MUC1) levels were determined using the commercially available ADVIA Centaur CA 15.3 assay (Bayer Corporation, NY) and cut off level was set at 25 U/mL. As control group serum samples from healthy donors, matched for sex and age, were also analyzed. Evaluation of the humoral immune response to MUC1 protein core was performed in ELISA. Results indicated that CA15.3 levels were statistically higher in MPD patients than in the control group (p<0.005), this difference was more evident in PV patients (p<0.001) and in female cases (p<0.001). The JAK2V617F mutation status was not associated with CA15.3 values; similarly, neither the clinical or hematological features nor the clinical complications (thrombosis) were influenced byCA15.3 levels. Analysis of the humoral immune response to MUC1 core protein showed no substantial changes in serum anti-MUC1 IgG titers in PV patients, suggesting that in PV increase of soluble MUC1 does not induce immune responses against this self-antigen. Further studies are ongoing to investigate the significance of MUC1 in the development and onset of myeloproliferative disorders. In conclusion, MUC1 levels seem to be increased in PV patients, suggesting that further evaluations on large series of cases should include this test in the diagnostic work-up to PV patients.

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