scholarly journals Comparative Review of Brushless PMAC and PMDC Motor Drives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Pindoriya
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Alternative Current

<div>This paper presents a state of the art on brushless </div><div>Permanent Magnet Alternative Current (PMAC) and </div><div>Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) motor drives. The </div><div>brushless PMAC and PMDC motor drives are the latest choices </div><div>of researchers due to their high efficiency, silent operation, </div><div>compact size, high reliability, and low maintenance </div><div>requirements. These motors are preferred for numerous </div><div>applications. An in-depth analysis of PMAC and PMDC motor </div><div>drives have been discussed. The Permanent Magnets (PMs)</div><div>motor drives can be classified into two categories, first is PMAC </div><div>motor drives, i.e. PMSM and the second one is PMDC motor</div><div>drives, i.e. BLDC motors. There has been a long </div><div>misunderstanding between the two ways of driving and </div><div>controlling a motor with no windings on the rotor but only </div><div>PMs. In this paper given a comprehensive analysis of both </div><div>motor drives. So, beginner of the research scholars are easily </div><div>able to understand about brushless PMAC and PMDC motor </div><div>drives.</div>

scholarly journals Comparative Review of Brushless PMAC and PMDC Motor Drives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Pindoriya
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Alternative Current

<div>This paper presents a state of the art on brushless </div><div>Permanent Magnet Alternative Current (PMAC) and </div><div>Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) motor drives. The </div><div>brushless PMAC and PMDC motor drives are the latest choices </div><div>of researchers due to their high efficiency, silent operation, </div><div>compact size, high reliability, and low maintenance </div><div>requirements. These motors are preferred for numerous </div><div>applications. An in-depth analysis of PMAC and PMDC motor </div><div>drives have been discussed. The Permanent Magnets (PMs)</div><div>motor drives can be classified into two categories, first is PMAC </div><div>motor drives, i.e. PMSM and the second one is PMDC motor</div><div>drives, i.e. BLDC motors. There has been a long </div><div>misunderstanding between the two ways of driving and </div><div>controlling a motor with no windings on the rotor but only </div><div>PMs. In this paper given a comprehensive analysis of both </div><div>motor drives. So, beginner of the research scholars are easily </div><div>able to understand about brushless PMAC and PMDC motor </div><div>drives.</div>

scholarly journals Review of Electrical Motor Drives for Electric Vehicle Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenping Cao ◽  
Abid Ali Shah Bukhari ◽  
Lassi Aarniovuori
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Speed Range

EVs (Electric Vehicles) have been rejuvenated over the last decades while the motor drive technologies are still evolving. This paper provides a review of electrical motor drive technologies used in EV applications, with a performance comparison of candidate machines and their drive topologies. EV applications demand high efficiency, high torque density, high reliability, and wide speed range while reducing weight, complexity, total costs and environmental impact. In the literature, DC (Direct Current) motors, IMs (Induction Motors) and PM (Permanent Magnet) motors can be generally found in marketplace whilst RMs (Reluctance Motors) have been researched for some time and are nearing commercial availability. This paper evaluates the performance of these four main types of electrical motor drives for EV propulsion applications using analytical methods. PM motors may offer the best performance in terms of torque density and compactness but the cost is the highest (primarily dominated by rare-earth permanent magnets), limiting their widespread application in mass production EVs. DC motors have their own merits but suffer from limited power density and necessity for maintenance. Induction motor drives are a mature and proven technology. In particular, squirrel-cage IMs are robust, reliable and inexpensive, striking a balance between system cost and complexity, power density and extended speed range. Reluctance motors can provide a good torque density and cost effective EV drive solutions. Their drawbacks can also be overcome by the use of power electronic converters and advanced control strategies. Induction and reluctance motor drives are well suited for cost sensitive mass production EV applications. Looking to the future, increased hybridization may be a way forward in industry which combines attractive features of different electrical machines and control algorithms and still offer much promise in performance and total cost. At last, reliability study on EVs requires historical information and driving patterns, demanding research expertise in eco-sociology, human behaviors as well as human-machine interface.

scholarly journals Fast Accurate and Automatic Brushstroke Extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yunfei Fu ◽  
Hongchuan Yu ◽  
Chih-Kuo Yeh ◽  
Tong-Yee Lee ◽  
Jian J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manual Annotation ◽  
Stroke Extraction ◽  
Art Research

Brushstrokes are viewed as the artist’s “handwriting” in a painting. In many applications such as style learning and transfer, mimicking painting, and painting authentication, it is highly desired to quantitatively and accurately identify brushstroke characteristics from old masters’ pieces using computer programs. However, due to the nature of hundreds or thousands of intermingling brushstrokes in the painting, it still remains challenging. This article proposes an efficient algorithm for brush Stroke extraction based on a Deep neural network, i.e., DStroke. Compared to the state-of-the-art research, the main merit of the proposed DStroke is to automatically and rapidly extract brushstrokes from a painting without manual annotation, while accurately approximating the real brushstrokes with high reliability. Herein, recovering the faithful soft transitions between brushstrokes is often ignored by the other methods. In fact, the details of brushstrokes in a master piece of painting (e.g., shapes, colors, texture, overlaps) are highly desired by artists since they hold promise to enhance and extend the artists’ powers, just like microscopes extend biologists’ powers. To demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed DStroke, we perform it on a set of real scans of paintings and a set of synthetic paintings, respectively. Experiments show that the proposed DStroke is noticeably faster and more accurate at identifying and extracting brushstrokes, outperforming the other methods.

Development and testing of an efficient and cost-effective underwater propulsion system

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (10) ◽  
pp. 1309-1328
Author(s):  
Libero Paolucci ◽  
Emanuele Grasso ◽  
Francesco Grasso ◽  
Niklas König ◽  
Marco Pagliai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Vehicle Propulsion ◽  
Underwater Propulsion ◽  
Thrust And Torque

Underwater vehicle propulsion performed by exploiting electrical motor is in general the most flexible solution and it is growing in popularity because of its high efficiency both at high and at low advance speed, quick and simple deployment, low costs, and encumbrance. In the present work, permanent magnet synchronous motors for underwater propulsion are proposed. In particular, advanced sensorless control techniques of permanent magnet synchronous motors permit reduced costs, high reliability, and performances. When dealing with small autonomous underwater vehicle propulsion, such devices are hard to find in the market. Hence, the authors focused the research in the development of a system able to perform a reliable rotational speed and torque sensorless estimation. The design and implementation of a complete solution for underwater propulsion are presented as well as a novel rotor polarity identification technique exploiting a high-frequency injection control. Pool tests for the identification of the performances and of the dynamic parameters of the propulsion system are presented. Finally, the possibility of operating a sensorless estimation of the thrust and torque exerted by the propeller and pool test measurements are presented. These features could be exploited to improve navigation accuracy and involves obvious benefits in terms of cost reduction and reliability of the system.

Magnetic Hardening Mechanism in Sintered R-Fe-B Permanent Magnets

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sagawa ◽  
S. Hirosawa
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Spontaneous Magnetization ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Hardening Mechanism ◽  
Sintered Magnets ◽  
Field Coefficient ◽  
Magnetic Hardening

ABSTRACTThe state-of-the-art description of the magnetic hardening mechanism in the sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is given. Recent experimental results concerning the coercivity-anisotropy (Hc -HA) correlation in B-rich Pr-Fe-B and Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets and the inhluence of the surface conditions of the sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets on the coercivity are reported. These results are interpreted in terms of the μ0Hc versus cμ0 HA -NIS plot, where I is the spontaneous magnetization of R2 Fe14 (R=Pr or Nd) and N the effective demagnetization field coefficient.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Rotor Magnetomotive Force of Built-In Radial Permanent Magnet Generator for Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Huihui Geng ◽  
Xueyi Zhang ◽  
Tao Si ◽  
Lanian Tong ◽  
Qingzhi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Magnetomotive Force ◽  
Analytical Expression ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Air Gap Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnet Generator

Permanent magnet generator (PMG) for vehicles has attracted more and more attention because of its high efficiency, high power density, and high reliability. However, the weak main air-gap magnetic field can affect the output performance and the normal use of electrical equipment. Aiming at the problem, this paper took the rotor magnetomotive force (MMF), the direct influencing parameter of the main air-gap magnetic field, as the research object, deduced the analytical expression of rotor MMF of the built-in radial PMG in detail, and analyzed its main influencing factors in analytical expression, including the permanent magnet steel (PMS) material, the thickness of PMS in magnetizing direction, the vertical length of the inner side of PMS, and the effective calculation length of PMS. Based on this, the rotor parameters were optimized to obtain the best values. After that, the finite element simulation and prototype test of the optimized generator were carried out. The comparative analysis results showed that the optimized rotor parameters could effectively improve the rotor MMF and optimize the output performance of the generator.

scholarly journals Desain dan Simulasi GMP Fluks Aksial Berbasis Dimensi Magnet Permanen Komersil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
PUDJI IRASARI ◽  
PUJI WIDIYANTO ◽  
MUHAMMAD FATHUL HIKMAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Terminal Voltage ◽  
Permanent Magnet Generators ◽  
Simulation Results

ABSTRAKMakalah ini membahas desain dan simulasi generator magnet permanen fluks aksial 500 W, 220 V, 500 rpm, 1 fasa, stator tunggal tanpa inti besi lunak dan rotor ganda berbahan baja karbon. Tujuan studi adalah untuk mengetahui performa generator pada dua jenis pembebanan yaitu beban RL dan ZL. Metode perhitungan desain dilakukan secara analitik dan numerik menggunakan perangkat lunak FEMM 4.2 dengan berbasis pada dimensi magnet permanen komersil. Performa generator yang dianalisis meliputi tegangan terminal, daya keluaran dan efisiensi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa ketika diberi beban RL, daya keluaran dan efisiensi generator lebih tinggi dibanding ketika diberi beban ZL. Grafik tegangan terminal dari kedua jenis pembebanan tersebut sebagian berimpit tetapi pada beban RL tingkat penurunannya lebih tajam disebabkan tegangan jatuhnya lebih besar. Dari semua hasil perhitungan dan simulasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa generator menunjukkan performa yang baik pada kedua jenis pembebanan dengan efisiensi sekitar 80%.Kata kunci: generator, magnet permanen, fluks aksial, stator tunggal, rotor ganda ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the design and simulation of 500 W, 220 V, 500 rpm axial flux permanent magnet generators, with the construction of coreless, single stator, and double rotor made of carbon steel. This study aims to find out the performance of the generators in two types of loadings, namely RL and ZL loads. The design calculation method is done analytically and numerically using FEMM 4.2 software based on the dimensions of commercial permanent magnets. The generator performances analyzed include the terminal voltage, the output power, and the efficiency. From the simulation results, it is known that under load RL, the output power and efficiency are higher than under load ZL. The terminal voltage graphs of the two types of loadings partially coincide but at the RL load, the rate of the decline is sharper due to the greater voltage drop. From all the results, it can be concluded that the generator shows good performance on both types of loads with a quite high efficiency, which is around 80%.Keywords: generator, permanent magnet, axial flux, single stator, double rotor

THE CONNECTION OF CONVERTERS INSTEAD OF SEMICONDUCTOR POWER DEVICES — A HIGH PERFORMANCE SOLUTION FOR THE MVA RANGE OF POWER COMVERTERS

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 503-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOURENCO MATAKAS ◽  
CATALIN BURLACU ◽  
EISUKE MASADA
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Parallel Connection ◽  
Severe Limitation

Recently, there is an increased demand for high power, high performance converters for power system applications, motor drives, etc. The low switching frequency of the existing semiconductor power devices poses a severe limitation that can be overcome by the use of interconnected smaller power converters (multiconverter) with appropriate control. This paper gives an overview of the state of the art of multiconverters, followed by a comparison based on analytically calculated values of the spectra, RMS and peak values of their ripple currents, and the peak values of the transformer's flux. Special attention has been given to show that the transformerless parallel connection of converters is feasible and offers features such as simplicity, gracefully degrading operating, high reliability, easy expandability and easy maintenance.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Optimization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle Considering Demagnetization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2159
Author(s):  
Yong-min You ◽  
Keun-young Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Torque Ripple ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multi Objective

The irreversible demagnetization of permanent magnets causes the deterioration of the performance in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), which are used for electric vehicles. NdFeB, which is the permanent magnet most commonly used in PMSMs for electric vehicles, is easily demagnetized at high temperatures. Because traction motors for electric vehicles reach high temperatures, and a high current can be instantaneously applied, permanent magnets of PMSM can be easily demagnetized. Therefore, it is important to study the demagnetization phenomenon of PMSMs for electric vehicles. However, since the demagnetization analysis procedure is complicated, previous studies have not been able to perform optimization considering demagnetization characteristics. In this study, we optimized the shape of a PMSM for electric vehicles by considering the demagnetization characteristics of permanent magnets using an automated design of experiments procedure. Using this procedure, a finite element analysis for each experimental point determined by a sampling method can be performed quickly and easily. The multi-objective function minimizes the demagnetization rate and maximizes the average torque, and the constraints are the efficiency and torque ripple. Various metamodels were generated for each of the multi-objective functions and constraints, and the metamodels with the best prediction performance were selected. By applying a multi-objective genetic algorithm, 1902 various optimal solutions were obtained. When the weight rate of the demagnetization rate to the torque was set to 0.1:0.9, the demagnetization rate and average torque were improved by 4.45% and 2.7%, respectively, compared to those of the initial model. The proposed multi-objective optimization method can guide the design of PMSMs for electric vehicles with high reliability and strong demagnetization characteristics.

Various types of traction synchronous motors for urban use

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Asynchronous Motor ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Inductor Motor ◽  
Urban Conditions

Asynchronous and valve-inductor (synchronous-reactive) motors have high efficiency at high rotor speeds, while permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPM and IPM) have high efficiency at low and medium frequencies. The latter are the most optimal for urban conditions, and the former for conditions of operation on highways and highways. Synchronous motors with permanent magnets are more expensive, so a good alternative to them can be synchronous-jet motors with permanent magnets, which determine the optimal balance of active and reactive torque, as well as efficiency. Keywords: synchronous motor, asynchronous motor, valve-inductor motor, synchronous-jet motor, permanent magnet, efficiency, operating conditions, reactive torque

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