scholarly journals A Modified General Diode Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragnan Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
Bulk Resistance ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Diode ◽  
Junction Diode ◽  
Modified Equation

The general diode equation or the non-ideal diode equation is the foundation of circuit models of active devices for the past several decades. Apart from the effect of p-n junction, this equation also accounts for the series bulk resistance of a diode. Despite a reasonable agreement of the equation with measured IV characteristics, it is shown here that the equation is incompatible with basic theories of circuits and systems. Therefore, a modification in the equation is proposed to remove this incompatibility. This modified equation leads to a compact model of a p-n junction diode that has an excellent agreement with the measured IV characteristics.

scholarly journals A Modified General Diode Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragnan Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Bulk Resistance ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Diode ◽  
Modified Equation

The general diode equation or the non-ideal diode equation is the foundation of circuit models of active devices for the past several decades. Apart from the effect of p-n junction, this equation also accounts for the series bulk resistance of a diode. Despite a reasonable agreement of the equation with measured VI characteristics, it is shown here that the equation is incompatible with basic theories of circuits and systems. Therefore, a modification in the equation is proposed to remove this incompatibility. This modified equation has an excellent agreement with the measured VI characteristics.

scholarly journals A Modified General Diode Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragnan Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Bulk Resistance ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Diode ◽  
Modified Equation

The general diode equation or the non-ideal diode equation is the foundation of circuit models of active devices for the past several decades. Apart from the effect of p-n junction, this equation also accounts for the series bulk resistance of a diode. Despite a reasonable agreement of the equation with measured VI characteristics, it is shown here that the equation is incompatible with basic theories of circuits and systems. Therefore, a modification in the equation is proposed to remove this incompatibility. This modified equation has an excellent agreement with the measured VI characteristics.

scholarly journals A Modified General Diode Equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragnan Chakravorty
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Bulk Resistance ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Diode ◽  
Modified Equation

The general diode equation or the non-ideal diode equation is the foundation of circuit models of active devices for the past several decades. Apart from the effect of p-n junction, this equation also accounts for the series bulk resistance of a diode. Despite a reasonable agreement of the equation with measured VI characteristics, it is shown here that the equation is incompatible with basic theories of circuits and systems. Therefore, a modification in the equation is proposed to remove this incompatibility. This modified equation has an excellent agreement with the measured VI characteristics.

WKB quantization rules for three-dimensional confinement

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sinha ◽  
R Roychoudhury ◽  
Y P Varshni
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Harmonic Oscillator ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Confined Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantization Rules

Confined quantum systems have been studied by various authors over the past decades, by using various mathematical techniques. In this work, we derive the WKB quantization rules for quantum systems confined in an impenetrable spherical box of radius r0. We apply the proposed method to two systems explicitly, viz., the confined harmonic oscillator and the confined hydrogen atom. The results are found to be in reasonable agreement with those obtained by other methods. PACS No.: 03.65

scholarly journals Schmitt Trigger Circuits using Various Active Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S5) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Keyword(s):  
Analog Circuit ◽  
Schmitt Trigger ◽  
Current Conveyor ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transconductance Amplifier ◽  
Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier ◽  
Analog Processing

A vast number of diverse analog circuit blocks have been arosed in the past few decades. A various active devices are Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp), Current Conveyor (CC), Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA), Differential Difference Current Conveyor (DDCC), Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductnace Amplifier (DDCCTA), Z-Copy Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifier (ZC-CDTA), Voltage Difference Transconductance Amplifier (VDTA) and so on. A review on Schmitt trigger circuits by using different active devices are presented in this paper since Schmitt trigger circuits are widely used in numerous applications such as in waveform generators, wave-shaping circuits, comparators, Bio-medical applications, analog processing systems, communication and instrumentation systems.

Effect of Particle Size and Distribution on the Viscosity of a Model Electrorheological (ER) Fluid

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Hans Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Er Fluids ◽  
Er Fluid ◽  
Modified Equation ◽  
Single Size

Abstract The zero-field viscosity of model ER fluids consisting of glass beads in silicone oil was determined as a function of average particles size (D¯ = 3–75 μm), volume fraction (ϕ = 0.1–0.3) and bimodal mixtures of two sizes. The viscosity increased with ϕ and decreased with D¯. The viscosity of the suspensions ηs in all cases was described reasonably well by the following relation:ηs=ηs,o(ϕ)+b(ϕ)D¯2/D¯3 where ηs,o(ϕ) and b(ϕ) are constants which increase with ϕ. Reasonable agreement with the Mooney crowding equation occurred for the single size particles, giving for the crowding factor k = 1.3 + 1.5/D¯. For ϕ < 0.2 the viscosity of the bimodal mixtures could be described by a modification of the Mooney equationηsηo=exp(2.76ϕ11-k1ϕ1)exp(2.76ϕ21-k2ϕ2) where ηo is the viscosity of the silicone oil, ϕi the volume fraction of each particle size Di and ki the normal crowding factor for that size. At ϕ = 0.3 the measured values of ηs for the bimodal mixtures became appreciably larger than those calculated from the modified equation. The decrease in particle size leads to both an increase in surface area of the particles per unit volume of the suspension and to a decrease in spacing (crowding); both factors probably contributed to the increase in ηs.

scholarly journals Objective Definition of the Indian Summer Monsoon Onset*

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 3303-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Qinghua Ding ◽  
P. V. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Monsoon Onset ◽  
Indian Peninsula ◽  
The Past

Abstract The onset of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) over the southern tip of the Indian peninsula [also known as monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK)] has been considered the beginning of India’s rainy season. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) makes an official prediction of ISM onset every year using a subjective method. Based on an analysis of the past 60-yr (1948–2007) record, the authors show that the onset date can be objectively determined by the beginning of the sustained 850-hPa zonal wind averaged over the southern Arabian Sea (SAS) from 5° to 15°N, and from 40° to 80°E. The rapid establishment of a steady SAS westerly is in excellent agreement with the abrupt commencement of the rainy season over the southern tip of the Indian peninsula. In 90% of the years analyzed, this simple and objective index has excellent agreement with the onset dates that are subjectively defined by the IMD. There are only 3 yr of the past 60 yr during which the two onset dates differ by more than 10 days, and none of them perfectly reflects the MOK. A prominent onset precursor on the biweekly time scale is the westward extension of the convection center from the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean toward the southeast Arabian Sea. On the intraseasonal time scale, the onset tends to be led by northeastward propagation of an intraseasonal convective anomaly from the western equatorial Indian Ocean. The objective determination of the onset based on the SAS low-level westerly is a characteristic representation of the complex process of the ISM onset. Given its objectiveness and its representation of the large-scale circulation, the proposed new onset definition provides a useful metric for verifying numerical model performance in simulating and predicting the ISM onset and for studying predictability of interannual variations of the onset.

Molecular Interpretations of Modulus and Swelling Relations in Natural Rubber Cross-Linked by Dicumyl Peroxide

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Uniaxial Extension ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Mechanical Measurements ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling

Abstract A survey of published experimental work on the modulus of natural rubber crosslinked by dicumyl peroxide permits a comparison with the results and molecular interpretations obtained in recent NBS work. Excellent agreement was found among values of the shear modulus G at the same crosslinking when the crosslinking is calculated from the amount of decomposed dicumyl peroxide. The types of deformation included torsion as well as uniaxial extension and compression. G increases linearly with crosslinking (except at the lowest degrees) with a slope from 5 to 15 percent greater than that predicted by the simple statistical theory. Data of Mullins demonstrated that at each degree of crosslinking the value of G is intermediate between 2C1 and 2(C1+C2) where C1 and C2 are the Mooney-Rivlin constants. Measurements of equilibrium swelling at a given degree of crosslinking are in reasonable agreement with each other. However, the entropy components of the modulus and the sub-chain density calculated from swelling measurements are appreciably greater than those calculated from crosslinking or from direct mechanical measurements. They increase linearly with crosslinking. It is concluded that the number of sub-chains effective in limiting swelling is greater than that effective in direct mechanical measurements.

scholarly journals A Millimetre/Submillimetre Study of Optically Selected Quasars

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
W. A. Sherwood ◽  
G. V. Schultz ◽  
E. Kreysa ◽  
H.-P. Gemünd
Keyword(s):  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Ultraviolet Excess ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Optical Surveys

During the past decade many kinds of optical surveys have discovered hundreds of quasars most of which (∼90 %) are radio quiet (<10 mJy at 5 GHz). We have observed two samples of quasars brighter than 17m.6 found by their emission lines and by their ultraviolet excess. We have also selected quasars with redshifts known to be greater than 3.00. A brief description of the observing technique is given by Sherwood et al. (1981b). We have compared our millimetre photometry of flat radio spectrum quasars with that of Ennis and Werner and find excellent agreement. For four of the 8 sources in common the data have been published: Kreysa et al. (1980) and Jones et al. (1981). In addition, analysis of our “noise” shows it to be white, gaussian distributed about zero. The three samples are summarized as follows.

scholarly journals Simulation methods of rigid holonomic multibody systems with bond graphs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781401983415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Boudon ◽  
Thu Thuy Dang ◽  
Rebecca Margetts ◽  
Wolfgang Borutzky ◽  
François Malburet
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Multibody Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Bond Graphs ◽  
Graph Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Practical Guidance

Bond graph software can simulate bond graph models without the user needing to manually derive equations. This offers the power to model larger and more complex systems than in the past. Multibond graphs (those with vector bonds) offer a compact model which further eases handling multibody systems. Although multibond graphs can be simulated successfully, the use of vector bonds can present difficulties. In addition, most qualitative, bond graph–based exploitation relies on the use of scalar bonds. This article discusses the main methods for simulating bond graphs of multibody systems, using a graphical software platform. The transformation between models with vector and scalar bonds is presented. The methods are then compared with respect to both time and accuracy, through simulation of two benchmark models. This article is a tutorial on the existing methods for simulating three-dimensional rigid and holonomic multibody systems using bond graphs and discusses the difficulties encountered. It then proposes and adapts methods for simulating this type of system directly from its bond graph within a software package. The value of this study is in giving practical guidance to modellers, so that they can implement the adapted method in software.

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