scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields due to an Electron Avalanche

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Nath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
General Expression ◽  
Ionization Process ◽  
Electron Avalanche ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>The present work has been able to relate the magnetic field produced to the basic physical ionization process and derive a general expression for the same starting from the fundamental retarded scalar and vector potentials (Leinard-Weichert potentials). <b></b></p>

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Fields due to an Electron Avalanche

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Nath
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
General Expression ◽  
Ionization Process ◽  
Electron Avalanche ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
The Magnetic Field

<p>The present work has been able to relate the magnetic field produced to the basic physical ionization process and derive a general expression for the same starting from the fundamental retarded scalar and vector potentials (Leinard-Weichert potentials). <b></b></p>

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on the Quantum Yield of Free Radicals in Cryptochrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Yu Ling Chen ◽  
Du Yan Geng ◽  
Chuan Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Applied Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Biology ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this paper, the effects of the quantum yield of free radicals in cryptochrome exposed to different electromagnetic fields were studied through the quantum biology. The results showed that the spikes characteristics was produced in the free radicals in cryptochrome, when it exposed to the applied magnetic field (ω = 50 Hz, B0 = 50 μT). The spikes produced by the electromagnetic field was independent of the changes of polar θ. When the frequency of the magnetic field increased, the spikes characteristics produced in unit time also increased. These results showed that the environmental electromagnetic field could affect the response of organisms to the geomagnetic field by influencing the quantum yield in the mechanism of free radical pair.It provided a basis for studying the influence of environmental electromagnetic field on biology, especially the navigation of biological magnetism.

scholarly journals Estimation of Electrical Conductivity and Magnetization Parameter of Neutron Star Crusts and Applied to the High-Braking-Index Pulsar PSR J1640-4631

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zhi-Fu Gao ◽  
Huan-Yu Jia ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Xiang-Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
General Expression ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Ohmic Dissipation ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Induction Equation ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Young pulsars are thought to be highly magnetized neutron stars (NSs). The crustal magnetic field of a NS usually decays at different timescales in the forms of Hall drift and Ohmic dissipation. The magnetization parameter ω B τ is defined as the ratio of the Ohmic timescale τ O h m to the Hall drift timescale τ H a l l . During the first several million years, the inner temperature of the newly born neutron star cools from T = 10 9 K to T = 1.0 × 10 8 K, and the crustal conductivity increases by three orders of magnitude. In this work, we adopt a unified equations of state for cold non-accreting neutron stars with the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov method, developed by Pearson et al. (2018), and choose two fiducial dipole magnetic fields of B = 1.0 × 10 13 G and B = 1.0 × 10 14 G, four different temperatures, T, and two different impurity concentration parameters, Q, and then calculate the conductivity of the inner crust of NSs and give a general expression of magnetization parameter for young pulsars: ω B τ ≃ ( 1 − 50 ) B 0 / ( 10 13 G) by using numerical simulations. It was found when B ≤ 10 15 G, due to the quantum effects, the conductivity increases slightly with the increase in the magnetic field, the enhanced magnetic field has a small effect on the matter in the low-density regions of the crust, and almost has no influence the matter in the high-density regions. Then, we apply the general expression of the magnetization parameter to the high braking-index pulsar PSR J1640-4631. By combining the observed arrival time parameters of PSR J1640-4631 with the magnetic induction equation, we estimated the initial rotation period P 0 , the initial dipole magnetic field B 0 , the Ohm dissipation timescale τ O h m and Hall drift timescale τ H a l l . We model the magnetic field evolution and the braking-index evolution of the pulsar and compare the results with its observations. It is expected that the results of this paper can be applied to more young pulsars.

scholarly journals A general method for deriving vector potentials produced by knotted solenoids

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (35) ◽  
pp. 1450189
Author(s):  
V. V. Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
Bohm Effect ◽  
Figure Eight Knot ◽  
Aharonov Bohm ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
General Method

A general method for deriving exact expressions for vector potentials produced by arbitrarily knotted solenoids is presented. It consists of using simple physics ideas from magnetostatics to evaluate the magnetic field in a surrogate problem. The latter is obtained by modeling the knot with wire segments carrying steady currents on a cubical lattice. The expressions for a 31 (trefoil) and a 41 (figure-eight) knot are explicitly worked out. The results are of some importance in the study of the Aharonov–Bohm effect generalized to a situation in which charged particles moving through force-free regions are scattered by fluxes confined to the interior of knotted impenetrable tubes.

scholarly journals Stable Knots and Links in Electromagnetic Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bode
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Quantum Fluids ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Elastic Filaments ◽  
Legendrian Links ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Standard Contact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractPersistent topological structures in physical systems have become increasingly important over the last years. Electromagnetic fields with knotted field lines play a special role among these, since they can be used to transfer their knottedness to other systems like plasmas and quantum fluids. In null electromagnetic fields the electric and the magnetic field lines evolve like unbreakable elastic filaments in a fluid flow. In particular, their topology is preserved for all time, so that all knotted closed field lines maintain their knot type. We use an approach due to Bateman to prove that for every link L there is such an electromagnetic field that satisfies Maxwell’s equations in free space and that has closed electric and magnetic field lines in the shape of L for all time. The knotted and linked field lines turn out to be projections of real analytic Legendrian links with respect to the standard contact structure on the 3-sphere.

scholarly journals ELECTROMAGNETIC-GRAVITATIONAL CONVERSION CROSS-SECTIONS IN EXTERNAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (39) ◽  
pp. 3619-3627 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOANG NGOC LONG ◽  
DANG VAN SOA ◽  
TUAN A. TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Numerical Evaluation ◽  
Differential Cross Sections ◽  
Perturbation Techniques ◽  
External Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The classical processes: the conversion of photons into gravitons in the static electromagnetic fields are considered by using Feynman perturbation techniques. The differential cross-sections are presented for the conversion in the electric field of the flat condenser and the magnetic field of the solenoid. A numerical evaluation shows that the cross-sections may have the observable value in the present technical scenario.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Planaria to Weak, Patterned Electric Current and the Subsequent Correlative Interactions with Fluctuations in the Intensity of the Magnetic Field of Earth

J ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Victoria Hossack ◽  
Michael Persinger ◽  
Blake Dotta
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Weak Electric Field ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Highly Evolved

Some species of fish show highly evolved mechanisms by which they can detect exogenous electric and magnetic fields. The detection of electromagnetic fields has been hypothesized to exist in humans, despite the lack of specialized sensors. In this experiment, planaria were tested in a t-maze with weak electric current pulsed in one arm to determine if the planaria showed any indication of being able to detect it. It was found that a small proportion of the population seemed to be attracted to this current. Additionally, if the experiment was preceded by a geomagnetic storm, the planaria showed a linear correlation increase in the variability of their movement in response to the presence of the weak electric field. Both of these results indicate that a subpopulation of planaria show some ability to respond to electromagnetic fields.

Screen Elements Made of Perforated Steel Tape and their Application for Shielding Electromagnetic Fields

2016 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Mironov ◽  
Tarmo Koppel ◽  
Mihails Lisicins ◽  
Irina Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Field Source ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Copper Composite ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Shielding Material

In the present work the methods for producing flat and three-dimensional shielding screens from the perforated steel tape are proposed. The possible application variants of mentioned screens are offered and analyzed. Main attention is given for producing one-layer and multi-layer screens with cellular structure due to its relatively low weight and technological elasticity – complex three-dimensional structures could be done successfully.Examples of produced shielding screens from the perforated steel tape for protection from electromagnetic fields in different frequency range are offered and tested. The efficiency of a shielding material was determined by measuring the magnetic field before and after applying the shielding material. Distribution of the magnetic field behind the shielding screen was determined by software vector mapping. Shielding efficiency was measured for 1) a three-layer perforated steel screen; 2) an one-layer perforated steel screen - shielding screen was placed in between the magnetic field source and the measurement point forming a two dimensional screen; 3) copper composite sprayed screen. During experimental investigation it was established, that a three-layer perforated steel screen application allowed the 27% reduction in the magnetic field, while one-layer perforated steel screen gave only 12% reduction. Copper composite sprayed screen reduced magnetic field by 15%.Recommendations for producing the multi-layer perforated steel screen accordingly to shielding efficiency are elaborated and laid down. The discussed material carries also ecological significance, since the material is produced by waste products (after stumping etc.). Therefore the production of such materials comes with reduced cost both in light of capital expenditures and ecological footprint.

scholarly journals On Reactive Force in Thin Unclosed Conductor and Displacement Current

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Momentum Density ◽  
Linear Momentum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Displacement Current ◽  
Reactive Force ◽  
Self Force ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The linear momentum density carried by electromagnetic fields creates the hidden force acting on the displacement current between ends of an unclosed conductor with alternative electric current. This force compensates the self-force exerted by the unclosed conductor with zero thin. The magnetic field produced by displacement current does not contribute to the force acting on the conductor. The unclosed conductor can move under action of the self-force. At small heights of cylindrical open conductor, the reactive force equivalent to the self-force becomes very large

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