scholarly journals A Versatile Simulation-Assisted Layered Mesh Analysis for Generalized Litz Wire Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Salk ◽  
Chathan Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Proximity Effect ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Ac Loss ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Arbitrary Geometry ◽  
Effect Model

This paper introduces a semi-analytical method of predicting AC loss in commercial Litz wires. Simple finite-element simulations are used to compute the resultant proximity fields in a coil system of arbitrary geometry. The approach addresses non-ideal Litz wire construction by applying a surrogate skin effect model to inform and distribute the current over the cross-section into segmented layers. This simplifies the finite-element problem into a two-dimensional, DC simulation with a low number of mesh elements. Analytical solutions are then used to compute frequency-dependent loss due to skin and proximity effect. The method is demonstrated using two 14 AWG equivalent Litz wires with very different constructions and is validated with experimental results from several coil configurations. Finally, an appeal is made to commercial Litz wire manufacturers to provide an empirical "fabrication factor" specification that would allow consumers to predict the performance of a conductor in their application.

scholarly journals A Versatile Simulation-Assisted Layered Mesh Analysis for Generalized Litz Wire Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Salk ◽  
Chathan Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Proximity Effect ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Ac Loss ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Arbitrary Geometry ◽  
Effect Model

This paper introduces a semi-analytical method of predicting AC loss in commercial Litz wires. Simple finite-element simulations are used to compute the resultant proximity fields in a coil system of arbitrary geometry. The approach addresses non-ideal Litz wire construction by applying a surrogate skin effect model to inform and distribute the current over the cross-section into segmented layers. This simplifies the finite-element problem into a two-dimensional, DC simulation with a low number of mesh elements. Analytical solutions are then used to compute frequency-dependent loss due to skin and proximity effect. The method is demonstrated using two 14 AWG equivalent Litz wires with very different constructions and is validated with experimental results from several coil configurations. Finally, an appeal is made to commercial Litz wire manufacturers to provide an empirical "fabrication factor" specification that would allow consumers to predict the performance of a conductor in their application.

scholarly journals Membrane analogy for multi-material bars under torsion

2019 ◽  
Vol 475 (2225) ◽  
pp. 20190124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galuppi ◽  
Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Elastic Problem ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Torsion Problem ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Physical Apparatus

Prandtl's membrane analogy for the torsion problem of prismatic homogeneous bars is extended to multi-material cross sections. The linear elastic problem is governed by the same equations describing the deformation of an inflated membrane, differently tensioned in regions that correspond to the domains hosting different materials in the bar cross section, in a way proportional to the inverse of the material shear modulus. Multi-connected cross sections correspond to materials with vanishing stiffness inside the holes, implying infinite tension in the corresponding portions of the membrane. To define the interface constrains that allow to apply such a state of prestress to the membrane, a physical apparatus is proposed, which can be numerically modelled with a two-dimensional mesh implementable in commercial finite-element model codes. This approach presents noteworthy advantages with respect to the three-dimensional modelling of the twisted bar.

scholarly journals Spider Diagram for Tubular Expansion with Restraints

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
F Marketz ◽  
SA Al-Hiddabi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Borehole Data

 The aim of this study is to explain the mechanics of tubular expansion in irregularly shaped boreholes such as those frequently observed in the upper Natih reservoirs. Statistical analysis of borehole data does not indicate a strong correlation between the non-circularity and expanded tubular’s in such boreholes. A two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model was developed using commercial software to determine the non-circularity of an expanded tubular and those data were compared with the measured values. A parametric study was also conducted and spider plots were generated to determine the amount of irregularity in the expanded tubulars so that optimum operational parameters could be identified to limit cross-section irregularities during the expansion process. 

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SKIN EFFECT ON THE CALCULATION OF BUSBAR SYSTEMS HAVING RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 057
Author(s):  
Nebojša Raičević ◽  
Ana Vučković ◽  
Mirjana Perić ◽  
Slavoljub Aleksić
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Proximity Effect ◽  
Skin Effect ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Current Density Distribution ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Flow Through

One method for the calculation of current density distribution in a finite number of long parallel conductors, having rectangular cross section, is proposed in this paper. Numerical results aim to highlight the importance of the skin effect, which can be combined with the proximity effect. The method of superposition of these two effects was applied to the calculation of the electromagnetic field in electric power busbars systems. It has been shown that the skin effect has a much greater impact, especially when the conductors are thin and strong electric currents flow through them, so special attention is paid to its calculation. For numerical solution the integral equations are used. The function of current density is approximated by the finite functional series. This way leads to a very accurate solution with only two terms. Differential evolution method is applied for minimization of error function. To demonstrate the application of the proposed approach, numerical values for busbars are presented and compared with values obtained by using the finite elements method.

scholarly journals An Analytical Method for Modelling Pull-In Effect during Anodic Bonding

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Qiuxu Wei ◽  
Bo Xie ◽  
Yulan Lu ◽  
Deyong Chen ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Anodic Bonding ◽  
Capacitive Sensors ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Effect Model

Pull-in effect is a common phenomenon during anodic bonding, a key step in thefabrication processes of capacitive sensors and actuators. To assist the designs and fabrications ofthese transducers, this paper presents an analytical method for modelling the pull-in effect duringanodic bonding. The pull-in effect model was verified by finite element analysis and a verificationexperiment respectively. The verification results indicate that the analytical method for modellingthe pull-in effect during anodic bonding is capable for predicting pull-in voltages of anodicallybonded capacitive sensors and actuators in a universal and practical manner without any additionalfabrication process.

A Finite Element Based Procedure for Simulating the Transient Response and Failure of a Two-Dimensional Continuum With Nonlinear Material Characteristics

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wallace ◽  
A. Seireg
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Impulsive Loading ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Arbitrary Geometry ◽  
Failure Patterns ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Hollow Cylinders ◽  
Failure Theories

This paper presents a finite element based procedure for the analysis and graphic display of the response and failure patterns of a two-dimensional continuum subjected to impulsive loading. Elastic, anelastic, plastic and other nonlinear material properties and failure theories can be incorporated in the analysis. The procedure is illustrated by examples of elastic and anelastic impact of solid and hollow cylinders. The developed technique gives a powerful tool for the evaluation of transient stresses, deformations, yield and fracture modes in two-dimensional continuum with arbitrary geometry and nonlinear properties.

scholarly journals Signal Propagation in Soil Medium: A Two Dimensional Finite Element Procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Kataka Banaseka ◽  
Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu ◽  
Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi ◽  
Selasie Aformaley Brown
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Scattered Field ◽  
Radar Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element

A two-Dimensional Finite Element Method of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through the soil is presented in this chapter. The chapter employs a boundary value problem (BVP) to solve the Helmholtz time-harmonic electromagnetic model. An infinitely large dielectric object of an arbitrary cross-section is considered for scattering from a dielectric medium and illuminated by an incident wave. Since the domain extends to infinity, an artificial boundary, a perfectly matched layer (PML) is used to truncate the computational domain. The incident field, the scattered field, and the total field in terms of the z-component are expressed for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes. The radar cross-section (RCS), as a function of several other parameters, such as operating frequency, polarization, illumination angle, observation angle, geometry, and material properties of the medium, is computed to describe how a scatterer reflects an electromagnetic wave in a given direction. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB for the scattered field, the total field, and the radar cross-section are presented for three soil types – sand, loam, and clay.

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