scholarly journals LARGE BOWEL MICROBIOCENTOSIS IN IMMATURE INFANTS WITH VERY LOW AND EXTREMELY LOW BODY WEIGHT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. G. Malygina ◽  
T. A. Bazhukova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Significant Deficit ◽  
First Year Of Life

Aim. To assess qualitative and quantitative composition of culture large bowel bugs in immature infants with birth weight 1500 g and less during the first year of life. Materials and methods. Fecal matter culturing has been done in 58 immature infants with body weight 1500 g and less, who were under supervision during the year. Results. A significant deficit of large bowel micro-biocentosis in immature infants has been registered in the neonatal period. Up to 2 months of life a slow formation of bowel's microflora is observed mainly due to bifidus bacteria. Up to 1 year of life a formed colonic microbiota in immature infants was not observed firstly due to lactobacilli deficit and late formation of typical Escherichia. Conclusion. The process of large bowel microbiocentosis in immature infants with very low and extremely low birth weight is slowed down due to extended admission in the intensive care unit, absence of breast feeding and antybiotherapy.

Factors Associated with Maternal Opinion of Infant Development—Clues to the Vulnerable Child?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
Marie C. McCormick ◽  
Sam Shapiro ◽  
Barbara Starfield
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A mother's expectations about the development of her infant have been found to be a strong determinant of child development, but little is known about the factors that may affect maternal assessment of development. In this study, the relationship of the mother's opinion of the development of her infant with several sociodemographic, antenatal, intrapartum, and infant health variables was examined for a large sample of 1-year-old infants for whom gross motor observations were also obtained at the time of the interview. Among those observed to be developing at an appropriate rate, 4.0% were perceived by their mothers as developing more slowly than the mothers considered normal; among infants developing more slowly, 28.6% were considered to be developing slowly by their mothers. In both groups, the major determinants of maternal opinion of slow development concerned the infant's health: low birth weight, congenital anomalies regardless of severity, hospitalization during the first year of life, and high ambulatory care use. These results indicate that maternal perception of infant development may not reflect the infant's level, but past or present illness, and raise questions about the influence of infant health on maternal-infant interactions and the effect of such interactions on subsequent development in the child.

Post-natal thyroid function in low birth weight infants; a longitudinal assessment of free thyroxine and thyroid hormone binding globulin

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeki Hirano ◽  
Jaideep Singh ◽  
Gopal Srinivasan ◽  
Rosita Pildes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract. Because the concentrations of serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG) have not been fully evaluated in preterm infants at the immediate post-natal period, we studied the longitudinal changes of serum FT4 and TBG, along with thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), at birth (cord blood), 2 days, 1 week and 2 weeks of age in 7 infants with birth body weight ≦ 1000 g, 7 infants with body weight 1001 to 1350 g, 11 infants with body weight 1351 to 2499 g, and 11 full-term infants. Free T4 concentrations were measured by Corning Medical radio-immunoassay (RIA) kit. The infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (body weight ≦ 1000 g) showed precipitous declines of total T4 and, to a lesser extent, of FT4 concentrations at 1 and 2 weeks of age. These post-natal T4 and FT4 decreases in ELBW neonates have not previously been reported. The clinical significance of this finding remains, speculative, but it may be due to metabolic or nutritional problems related to extreme prematurity itself. This study suggests that measurement of FT4 is a useful adjunct to the assessment of ELBW infants with wery low T4 values, if done between 1 to 2 weeks af age, and could be used as a primary hypothyroid screening tool instead of T4 measurements, provided that an FT4 assay is developed that uses the elute of blood spotted on filter paper.

Neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with esophageal atresia: risk factors in the first year of life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevilacqua Francesca ◽  
Ragni Benedetta ◽  
Conforti Andrea ◽  
Braguglia Annabella ◽  
Gentile Simonetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Summary Data on neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born with esophageal atresia (EA) are still scarce and controversial. The aims of our study were to evaluate motor and cognitive development during the first year of life, in patients operated on of EA and to investigate potential risk factors for motor and cognitive development both at 6 and 12 months. This is an observational prospective longitudinal study in a selected cohort of type C and D EA infants enrolled in our follow-up program from 2009 to 2017. In order to exclude possible confounding factors, the following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g; (ii) genetic syndrome or chromosomal anomaly known to be associated with neurodevelopmental delay; (iii) neurologic disease; (iv) esophageal gap ≥three vertebral bodies. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 months of life (corrected age for infants with a gestational age of 32–37 weeks) with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—3rd Edition. In our selected cohort of EA infants, 82 were evaluated at 6 months and 59 were reevaluated at 12 months. Both Motor and Cognitive average scores were within the norm at both time points. However, we report increased number of infants with motor delay with time: 14% at 6 months and 24% at 12 months. Multiple regression analysis for Motor scores at 6 [F(4,74) = 4.363, P = 0.003] and 12 months [F(6,50) = 2.634, P = 0.027] identified (i) low birth weight, (ii) longer hospital stay and (iii) weight < fifth percentile at 1 year as risk factors. Interestingly, average Cognitive scores also increased with time from 85.2% at 6 months and 96.6% at 12 months. Multiple regression models explaining variance of Cognitive scores at 6 [F(4, 73) = 2.458, P = 0.053] and 12 months [F(6, 49) = 1.232, P = 0.306] were nonsignificant. Our selected cohort of EA patients shows, on the average, Motor and Cognitive scores within the norm both at 6 and 12 months. Nevertheless, the percentage of infants with Motor scores below the average increases regardless gestational age. None of clinical and sociodemographic variables taken into consideration was able to predict cognitive development both at 6 and 12 months whereas risk factors for Motor development change during the first year of life. Healthcare providers should pay particular attention to patients with low birth weight, longer hospital stays and weight under fifth percentile at 1 year. Future studies should include long-term outcomes to reveal possible catch up in motor development and/or possible findings in Cognitive scores.

Development of penis and sheath in young dairy bulls, and its relationship to age and body weight

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ashdown
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Development Proceeds

1. Eighty-six bull calves (fifty-two Friesian, twenty-two Ayrshire, twelve Shorthorn) were examined at intervals, during the first year of life, by a method which allowed classification of the degree of adherence between penis and sheath into five classes.2. Mean age and weight at which separation between penis and sheath commenced and was completed are recorded for each breed. Significant breed differences were found.3. The rate of separation accelerates as development proceeds.4. The relationships between age, body weight, and commencement and completion of separation in the Friesian bulls are analysed by correlation methods. These analyses suggest that both age and body weight are important in sexual development.5. An equation is given for the linear regression of age at completion of separation on age and weight at commencement of separation and weight at 10 weeks for the Friesian bulls.

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