Wanawa: Afrika prekolonial, un introdukshon

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Mary Allen
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Small States ◽  
General View ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Wanawa Precolonial Africa: An Introduction focuses on the history and culture of the African continent before it was colonized by Europe. Many people still associate Africa only with the history of the transatlantic slave trade and slavery and neglect the fact that this continent has a rich and diverse history. As this book explains, the history of Africa did not start with the transatlantic slave trade, and Africa is not merely a victim of colonialism but an agent of its own history and rich culture. The intention of this book is to highlight and thereby broaden the knowledge of Africa’s historical, economic, cultural and social diversity. This book is a brief introduction in Papiamentu to the history and culture of precolonial Africa, with the aim of stimulating people to dig deeper into this subject themselves. Its purpose is to provide a general view of the continent’s flora and fauna, to illustrate how large and small states rose, developed and sometimes fell over the course of time, and to shed light on historically significant persons, while also mentioning these states in some cases were connected to the transatlantic slave trade. In addition, the book provides insight into the diverse and heterogeneous cultures of the continent. Rose Mary Allen (Curaçao, 1950) is an anthropologist and Extraordinary Professor of the Chair of Culture, Community and History at the University of Curaçao Dr. Moises da Costa Gomez. She has published many books and articles on migration, slavery, music, oral history, the dynamics of identity formation, modern nationalism, and gender issues. She is a recipient of the Boeli van Leeuwen Award and of the 2015 Cola Debrot Award for her contribution to the sciences.

The Subaltern Speak- A Study On The Culture Of The Arunachalis With Special Reference To Mamang Dai’s The Legends Of Pensam

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Ms. Cheryl Antonette Dumenil ◽  
Dr. Cheryl Davis
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Small World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Shared History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Insight Into

North- East India is an under veiled region with an awe-inspiring landscape, different groups of ethnic people, their culture and heritage. Contemporary writers from this region aspire towards a vision outside the tapered ethnic channel, and they represent a shared history. In their writings, the cultural memory is showcased, and the intensity of feeling overflows the labour of technique and craft. Mamang Dai presents a rare glimpse into the ecology, culture, life of the tribal people and history of the land of the dawn-lit mountains, Arunachal Pradesh, through her novel The Legends of Pensam. The word ‘Pensam’ in the title means ‘in-between’,  but it may also be interpreted as ‘the hidden spaces of the heart’. This is a small world where anything can happen. Being adherents of the animistic faith, the tribes here believe in co-existence with the natural world along with the presence of spirits in their forests and rivers. This paper attempts to draw an insight into the culture and gender of the Arunachalis with special reference to The Legends of Pensam by Mamang Dai.

Antislavery on a Slave Coast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early History ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Before the abolition of the slave trade in the British empire in 1807, colonial Sierra Leone was an experiment in free trade and free labour, founded by the Sierra Leone Company, a joint-stock company led by antislavery activists, and settled by African American Loyalists from Nova Scotia. This chapter explores the early history of the colony, and shows how antislavery was undermined by the routines of the transatlantic slave trade. Meanwhile, African American settlers were marginalised, and the arrival of 500 Jamaican Maroons in 1800 helped to cement the relationship between the leaders of the antislavery movement and the British armed forces.

scholarly journals Answering Huxley: “now” students take a “then” exam

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
P. K. Rangachari
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Thomas Henry Huxley ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into

Twenty-eight undergraduate students in a health sciences program volunteered for an exercise in the history of examinations. They had completed a second-year course in anatomy and physiology in which they studied modern texts and took standard contemporary exams. For this historical “experiment,” students studied selected chapters from two 19th century physiology texts (by Foster M. A Textbook of Physiology, 1895; and Broussais FJV. A Treatise on Physiology Applied to Pathology, 1828). They then took a 1-h-long exam in which they answered two essay-type questions set by Thomas Henry Huxley for second-year medical students at the University of London in 1853 and 1857. These were selected from a question bank provided by Dr. P. Mazumdar (University of Toronto). A questionnaire probed their contrasting experiences. Many wrote thoughtful, reflective comments on the exercise, which not only gave them an insight into the difficulties faced by students in the past, but also proved to be a valuable learning experience (average score: 8.6 ± 1.6 SD).

The Spinning House girls: Cambridge University's distinctive policing of prostitution, 1823–1894

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET OSWALD
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Town Centre ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
The University ◽  
The Town ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT:This article explores the regulation of prostitution in nineteenth-century Cambridge by an appraisal of the committal books of the university prison. Each evening in term-time the university proctors arrested and imprisoned local ‘streetwalkers’ in an attempt to protect the students’ morals. This research offers insight into the ways in which Cambridge's geography and its dual system of governance influenced the policing of prostitution in the town centre. The former compelled students and townspeople to share the same crowded space and the latter enabled the university to enforce traditional patterns of class and gender to control sexuality in the town.

Atlantic Creoles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Chira
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
African History ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Shed Light

Berlin 1996 (cited under Overviews) introduced the term “Atlantic Creoles” to describe Afro-descendants whose experiences in the age of the Atlantic slave trade were not primarily defined by the plantation. According to Berlin, Atlantic Creoles distinguished themselves through behaviors that “were more akin to those of confident, sophisticated natives than of vulnerable newcomers.” They displayed “linguistic dexterity, cultural plasticity, and social agility.” The term “Creole” is supposed to denote transformations in identity through encounters across cultural difference. Berlin applied this term to a generation that preceded the consolidation of plantation systems (prior to the 18th century), even though he alluded to the possibility of using this concept spatially, too—to describe Afro-descendants living outside plantation systems as late as the end of the 18th century. Landers 1999 (cited under Overviews) took up this latter approach systematically. Scholars have since applied the label “Atlantic Creoles” broadly to cultural and political brokers who drew on repertoires from Africa, Europe, and the Americas as seamen, traders, diplomats, litigants, settlers, wives, workers, or healers. According to Berlin, the term was not meant to obscure the violence that Afro-descendants were subjected to, but to capture a historical moment when racial categories were more fluid and some could access opportunities. Berlin’s piece has a vast legacy. It drew attention to an array of Afro-diasporic experiences and emphasized the role of West Africans in the making of early Atlantic networks. Since 1996, attention to Africans in Atlantic networks has expanded. Scholars have also examined more closely how their actions and trajectories can shed light on the arc of African history, not just the American one. Yet some scholars have critiqued the term “Atlantic Creoles” for excessive capaciousness. In Ferreira 2012 (cited under 18th Century and the Age of Revolutions), Roquinaldo Ferreira argues that it obliterates the specificity of African experiences within pluralistic communities in Africa. Other scholars have critiqued it for romanticizing mobility and insertion into state apparatuses. Upward mobility for some Afro-descendants could often only come with fewer opportunities for enslaved people. Finally, the term assumes a somewhat linear identity formation. In Sweet 2013 (cited under Healing, Religion, and Science), James Sweet argues that historians too often assume that Creole Afro-descendant identities move away from African cosmologies toward Western ones.

Factors contributing to intentional injuries in Iranian university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobra Abedian Kasgary ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽  
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intentional Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Intentional injuries refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed at oneself or others. This study was performed to assess intentional injuries in Iranian university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 430 female and male university in three higher education institutions located in the northern part of Iran in the year 2015. Samples were chosen through the stratified cluster random sampling method. They were requested to fill out the demographic data form and the Persian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS v.13 software. Findings Intentional injuries were more frequent in the male university students than female (p < 0.05). Also, 9.1% and 6.7% of the university students were physically injured or sexually assaulted by a boy/girl friend. No statistically significant difference was reported in dating violence between the male and female university students. The logistic regression test showed that the history of stealing money from parents without their permission, son’s preferences in the family and gender are the most important predisposing factors for the university students’ intentional injury. Conclusion It is suggested that health policy makers consider the role of family in programs that have been designed for improving the health of young people.

Networks of Identity: The Potential of Biographical Studies for Teaching Nursing Identity

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Nursing History ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
History Of ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teaching Learning

This article reviews the historiographical elements of the professional identity of nursing, focusing on what historians have denoted as the “history of the present.” Professional identity interacts with elements of power, gender, politics, philosophy, and history, and its value is tied to the importance it assumes at any given time in any given society. The collective identity of the profession is elucidated by the construction of nursing history, linked to the history of women and gender relationships in professional care and educational, organizational, and class practice, and also by the biographies of individuals who have shaped this identity through their reputations and life stories. In this light, it is argued that biographies could help illuminate the elements of identity formation of interest to nursing scholars and further the development of the profession; they could also bring discussions of the past and present into the teaching – learning process for nursing students. The authority and significance of these identities will also be discussed.

Freedom's Debtors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Slave Ships ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

Freedom’s Debtors is a history of the British movement to abolish the slave trade, told through the lens of the history of early colonial Sierra Leone. After the abolition of the British slave trade in 1807, Sierra Leone became the judicial, military, and economic capital of British efforts to interdict slave ships. British antislavery, widely seen as a great sacrifice of economic and political capital on the altar of humanitarianism, was in fact profitable, militarily useful, and crucial to the expansion of British power in West Africa. The colony was closely connected to the elite leaders of the abolitionist movement in Britain, and became closely identified with their business interests. This history of the abolition of the British slave trade in Sierra Leone offers insight into how antislavery policies were used to justify colonialism and reframes a moment considered a watershed in British public morality as the beginning of morally ambiguous and exploitative colonial history. From Sierra Leone, it is easier to see British antislavery as it really was: acquisitive, devoted to coercive and gradual schemes for emancipation, militarised, and shot through with imperial ambitions.

scholarly journals Et grundtvigiansk fakultet

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallgeir Elstad
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Cultural Institution ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Oslo ◽  
The University ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this article is to shed light on the founding phase of the history of The Faculty of Theology in Christiania (Oslo). Together with the University of Oslo the Faculty celebrates its 200 years anniversary in 2011. The University was the first cultural institution in Norway and played a decisive role in the nation building. The history of the Faculty of Theology is tightly interwoven with that of the University. The initial phase of the Faculty’s history may be characterized ‘Grundtvigian’. Despite of the break with Denmark in 1814, the Danish cultural influences were still strong.

scholarly journals The crowns have eyes: Multiple opsins found in the eyes of the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Acanthaster planci including the first r-opsin utilized by a deuterostome eye

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah K. Lowe ◽  
Anders Garm ◽  
Esther Ullrich-Lüter ◽  
M. Ina Arnone
Keyword(s):  
Radial Nerve ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Acanthaster Planci ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Tube Feet

AbstractOpsins are G protein-coupled receptors used for both visual and non-visual photoreception, and these proteins evolutionarily date back to the base of the bilaterians. In the current sequencing age, phylogenomic analysis has proven to be a powerful tool, facilitating the increase in knowledge about diversity within the opsin subclasses and, so far, nine paralogs have been identified. Within echinoderms, opsins have been studied in Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea, which do not possess proper image forming eyes, but rather widely dispersed dermal photoreceptors. However, most species of Asteroidea, the starfish, possess true eyes and studying them will shed light on the diversity of opsin usage within echinoderms and help resolve the evolutionary history of opsins. Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we have sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of different Acanthaster planci tissue samples: eyes, radial nerve, tube feet and a mixture of tissues from other organs. At least ten opsins were identified, and eight of them were found significantly differentially expressed in both eyes and radial nerve, providing new important insight into the involvement of opsins in visual and nonvisual photoreception. Of relevance, we found the first evidence of an r-opsin photopigment expressed in a well developed visual eye in a deuterostome animal.

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