scholarly journals Social Engineering Model of the Relationship between State Institutions and Federal Government of the Republic of Indonesia: From the Perspectives of the Indonesian 1945 Constitution

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 9573-9577
Author(s):  
Yusri Munaf ◽  
Rahyunir Rauf ◽  
Ellydar Chaidir ◽  
Zakir Has ◽  
Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Damien Van Puyvelde

This chapter provides an in-depth account of the relationship between the U.S. intelligence apparatus and its private outriders, from the earliest days of the Republic to the end of the Cold War. Covering such a large period sheds light on the deep roots, the broad evolution, and the multiple opportunities and risks accompanying intelligence outsourcing. In the United States, the legitimacy of the federal government has always been entwined with the private sector and this is related to the values underpinning American political culture. As a result, the private intelligence industry continued to thrive, deepen and diversify its involvement in national security affairs when the federal government established itself more firmly in this realm. The institutionalization of intelligence in the twentieth century was accompanied by the diversification and formalisation of the ties between the intelligence community and its contractors. Contractors and their government sponsors share the responsibility for some of the greatest achievements and controversies in U.S. intelligence history, from the success of the U2 spy plane to the excesses of Project MKUltra. The history of U.S. intelligence is characterized by successive movements of expansion and regulation through which outsourcing and accountability have become increasingly intertwined.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Akulenko D.

Is not the freedom a daughter but a mother of order? Is the republic positive anarchy? Is anarchy an extremely destructive phenomenon? Does Ukrainian civil society have any common features with anarchic society? The author attempts to answer these questions in the article. To achieve this goal, the author analyzed a huge layer of information, consisting of both well-known sources (Laozi, Immanuel Kant, Petro Kropotkin) and local, little-known sources. The author even had to look for information among the articles of propaganda journalists from authoritarian countries, for whom democratic institutions and the thirst for freedom are simply a sound for which silencing could be well earned. As it turned out, finding such information was quite easy. The article is devoted to the study of the existence of civil society in state entities with anarchic legal regime. In the work much attention is paid to the functioning of state bodies on the territory of Ukraine in public centers that have signs of anarchism. Recent legal and historical studies of Ukrainian anarchism have been analyzed in the paper, opinions of famous scientists and philosophers of different times have been investigated, as well as significant differences in understanding of anarchy in the context of its coexistence with accepted state institutions. It should be emphasized separately that in the article the proposed political and social model is not declared as potentially the best, but it does rethink some of the phenomena that have become special for every citizen of Ukraine. There is a clear and objective view in the work that allows us to analyze different historical stages of state formation of Ukraine somewhat different from the conventional ideas about anarchism and its possible destructive influence. The author carefully identifies the hidden common features of anarchism, with well-known events. It is no secret that the wealth of Ukrainian freedom is ignited every time, after another attempt to usurp power by a dictator, corrupt officials, or after an attempt by another state to intervene militarily in the internal problems of Ukrainians. The author's position deserves attention, especially given the lack of interest of domestic scientists in the study of anarchism and its possible positive consequences. Keywords: anarchism, civil society, democracy, state, legal regime


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Tri Mulyani

<p>Negara Indonesia adalah Negara hukum, artinya bahwa negara yang menempatkan hukum sebagai dasar kekuasaan negara dan penyelenggaraan kekuasaan tersebut dalam segala bentuknya dilakukan di bawah kekuasaan hukum. Sifat dari negara hukum hanya dapat ditunjukkan apabila alat-alat perlengkapan negara yaitu lembaga-lembaga negara bertindak menurut dan terikat kepada aturan-aturan yang telah ditetapkan. Lembaga Tinggi Negara yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah Lembaga Tinggi Negara yang nama, fungsi dan kewenanganya dibentuk berdasarkan Konstitusi atau Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yaitu: Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan. Sehubungan dengan dasar pembentukan Lembaga Tinggi Negara adalah Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, dan telah mengalami amandemen 4 kali maka struktur dan hubungan mereka dalam menjalakan tugas pemerintahan dari sebelum dan sesudah amandemen tentunya juga mengalami perubahan. Dengan pendekatan <em>yuridis normatif</em>, dan uraian yang diskriptif analisis, ditemukan jawaban bahwa struktur lembaga negara beserta hubungan diantara lembaga negara telah mengalami pergeseran setelah dilakukan amandemen. Pada dasarnya hubungan diantara lembaga negara tidak banyak mengalami perubahan. Namun perubahan itu justru tampak dalam struktur lembaga negaranya. Sebelum amandemen struktur lembaga negara terdiri dari MPR sebagai lembaga tertinggi, Presiden, DPR, DPA, BPK dan MA. Namun setelah dilakukan amandemen lembaga negara berkembang yaitu MPR, DPR, DPD, Presiden, MA, MK, dan BPK. Perbedaanya ada dipoint pengapusan istilah lembaga tertinggi, sehingga semua menjadi lembaga tinggi negara.</p><p> </p><p class="Default"><em>Indonesia is a country of law, meaning that the country as the law is the basis of state power and the implementation of the power in all its forms is done under the rule of law. The nature of the state law can only be shown if the scientific equipment is state state institutions and bound to act according to the rules that have been set. State Agency referred to in this research is the State Agency name, function and an arbitrary set up under the Constitution or the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, namely: President and Vice-President, People's Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives, Regional Representatives Council, The Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, and the Supreme Audit Agency. In connection with establishing the State Agency is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, and has undergone amendments 4 times the structures and their relationship to run the task of the government before and after the amendment would also change. With normative juridical approach, and a description of the descriptive analysis, found the answer that the structure of state institutions as well as the relationship between the state institutions have experienced a shift after the amendment. Basically the relationship between the state institutions has not changed much. But it is precisely looked into the institutional structure of the country. Prior to the amendment of the structure of state institutions consist of the Assembly as the highest institution, President, Parliament, DPA, BPK and MA. However, after the amendment of the developing state institutions, namely the MPR, DPR, DPD, President, Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and the CPC. No difference dipoint term elimination highest institution, so all became state institutions. </em></p><p class="Default"><em> </em></p>


MEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Alexandru Leahovcenco

The development of the digital economy is inextricably linked to cybersecurity. The article discusses issues related to the definition of cybersecurity, its elements, and examines data on cyber-attacks. The analysis of the tightness of the relationship between the share of the digital economy in GDP and the GCI index using a correlation analysis is carried out in this article. The issues of cybersecurity in the Republic of Moldova are also discussed and ways to improve it are suggested. Currently, there have been significant changes in the structure of cyber threats. These changes are associated with discrete changes in the motives and tactics of cybercriminals. The reasons for enrichment contributed to the emergence of crypto miners. At the same time, there is a shift towards reducing the use of malware and complex infrastructure and moving to low-profile social engineering attacks. This article analyzes the situation in the


1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaelle L. Browers

Karl Popper has called Plato a dangerous Utopian who offers an unworldly blueprint for society. I argue that, in making this criticism, Popper offers an incomplete reading of Plato's political thought, overlooking the more worldly and modest blueprint of the Laws. In addition, I show that a better understanding of the relationship between the Republic and the Laws–between Plato's philosophical ideal and politically best possible state–demonstrates the necessity of considering Plato's Laws in any discussion of implementation. In fact, a more complete reading of Plato is required by the very criteria Popper employs in advancing his critique. When the political programme of Plato's Laws is viewed in light of Popper's famous distinction between piecemeal social engineering and Utopian social engineering, the problems of applying these characterizations to Plato become apparent.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-653
Author(s):  
Valerie Muguoh Chiatoh

African states and institutions believe that the principle of territorial integrity is applicable to sub-state groups and limits their right to self-determination, contrary to international law. The Anglophone Problem in Cameroon has been an ever-present issue of social, political and economic debates in the country, albeit most times in undertones. This changed as the problem metamorphosed into an otherwise preventable devastating armed conflict with external self-determination having become very popular among the Anglophone People. This situation brings to light the drawbacks of irregular decolonisation, third world colonialism and especially the relationship between self-determination and territorial integrity in Africa.


Author(s):  
Noah Salomon

For some, the idea of an Islamic state serves to fulfill aspirations for cultural sovereignty and new forms of ethical political practice. For others, it violates the proper domains of both religion and politics. Yet, while there has been much discussion of the idea and ideals of the Islamic state, its possibilities and impossibilities, surprisingly little has been written about how this political formation is lived. This book looks at the Republic of Sudan's twenty-five-year experiment with Islamic statehood. Focusing not on state institutions, but rather on the daily life that goes on in their shadows, the book examines the lasting effects of state Islamization on Sudanese society through a study of the individuals and organizations working in its midst. The book investigates Sudan at a crucial moment in its history—balanced between unity and partition, secular and religious politics, peace and war—when those who desired an Islamic state were rethinking the political form under which they had lived for nearly a generation. Countering the dominant discourse, the book depicts contemporary Islamic politics not as a response to secularism and Westernization but as a node in a much longer conversation within Islamic thought, augmented and reappropriated as state projects of Islamic reform became objects of debate and controversy. The book reveals both novel political ideals and new articulations of Islam as it is rethought through the lens of the nation.


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