Monitoring post-closure large scale surface deformation in mining areas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Banton ◽  
Luke Bateson ◽  
Harry Mccormack ◽  
Rachel Holley ◽  
Ian Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Scale Surface

scholarly journals Constraints on the location, depth and yield of the 2017 September 3 North Korean nuclear test from InSAR measurements and modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Sreejith ◽  
Ritesh Agrawal ◽  
A S Rajawat
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Scale Surface

SUMMARY The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) conducted its sixth and largest affirmed underground nuclear test on 2017 September 3. Analysis of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data revealed detailed surface displacements associated with the nuclear explosion. The nuclear explosion produced large-scale surface deformation causing decorrelation of the InSAR data directly above the test site, Mt. Mantap, while the flanks of the Mountain experienced displacements up to 0.5 m along the Line-of-Sight of the Satellite. We determined source parameters of the explosion using the Bayesian inversion of the InSAR data. The explosive yield was estimated as 245–271 kiloton (kt) of TNT, while the previous yield estimations range from 70–400 kt. We determined the nuclear source at a depth of 542 ± 30 m below Mt. Mantap (129.0769°E, 41.0324°N). We demonstrated that the Bayesian modelling of the InSAR data reduces the uncertainties in the source parameters of the nuclear test, particularly the yield and source depth that are otherwise poorly resolved in seismic methods.

scholarly journals Refinement of MPS method for practical application to snow avalanches

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (61) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Saito ◽  
Hirotaka Kato ◽  
Masaya Otsuki ◽  
Ichiro Kimura ◽  
Yasuyuki Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Mps Method ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
Dilatant Fluid ◽  
Scale Surface

AbstractThis paper considers the possible commercial viability of applying the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method to avalanches. The MPS method is a powerful tool for reproducing the flow phenomenon with large-scale surface deformation. In order to apply this method to snow avalanches, we modified the original model to introduce constitutive equations of Bingham fluid, dilatant fluid and the erosion–deposition process. The modified model was applied to some cases and evaluated through comparison with experimental results and observed data.

Managing the impacts of mining on Ghana’s water resources from a legal perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasirudeen Abdul Fatawu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Legal Perspective

Recent floods in Ghana are largely blamed on mining activities. Not only are lives lost through these floods, farms andproperties are destroyed as a result. Water resources are diverted, polluted and impounded upon by both large-scale minersand small-scale miners. Although these activities are largely blamed on behavioural attitudes that need to be changed, thereare legal dimensions that should be addressed as well. Coincidentally, a great proportion of the water resources of Ghana arewithin these mining areas thus the continual pollution of these surface water sources is a serious threat to the environmentand the development of the country as a whole. The environmental laws need to be oriented properly with adequate sanctionsto tackle the impacts mining has on water resources. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure needs to bestreamlined and undertaken by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and not the company itself.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Onset of Plasticity in Sliding Contacts Using Differential Computational Orientation Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Eder ◽  
P. G. Grützmacher ◽  
M. Rodríguez Ripoll ◽  
J. F. Belak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Boundary Migration ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Lattice Rotation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Color Saturation ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Depending on the mechanical and thermal energy introduced to a dry sliding interface, the near-surface regions of the mated bodies may undergo plastic deformation. In this work, we use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to generate “differential computational orientation tomographs” (dCOT) and thus highlight changes to the microstructure near tribological FCC alloy surfaces, allowing us to detect subtle differences in lattice orientation and small distances in grain boundary migration. The analysis approach compares computationally generated orientation tomographs with their undeformed counterparts via a simple image analysis filter. We use our visualization method to discuss the acting microstructural mechanisms in a load- and time-resolved fashion, focusing on sliding conditions that lead to twinning, partial lattice rotation, and grain boundary-dominated processes. Extracting and laterally averaging the color saturation value of the generated tomographs allows us to produce quantitative time- and depth-resolved maps that give a good overview of the progress and severity of near-surface deformation. Corresponding maps of the lateral standard deviation in the color saturation show evidence of homogenization processes occurring in the tribologically loaded microstructure, frequently leading to the formation of a well-defined separation between deformed and undeformed regions. When integrated into a computational materials engineering framework, our approach could help optimize material design for tribological and other deformation problems. Graphic Abstract .

scholarly journals Reservoir-Induced Land Deformation: Case Study from the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Natthachet Tangdamrongsub ◽  
Dorina Murgulet
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
The Impact

The Nile River stretches from south to north throughout the Nile River Basin (NRB) in Northeast Africa. Ethiopia, where the Blue Nile originates, has begun the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which will be used to generate electricity. However, the impact of the GERD on land deformation caused by significant water relocation has not been rigorously considered in the scientific research. In this study, we develop a novel approach for predicting large-scale land deformation induced by the construction of the GERD reservoir. We also investigate the limitations of using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow On (GRACE-FO) mission to detect GERD-induced land deformation. We simulated three land deformation scenarios related to filling the expected reservoir volume, 70 km3, using 5-, 10-, and 15-year filling scenarios. The results indicated: (i) trends in downward vertical displacement estimated at −17.79 ± 0.02, −8.90 ± 0.09, and −5.94 ± 0.05 mm/year, for the 5-, 10-, and 15-year filling scenarios, respectively; (ii) the western (eastern) parts of the GERD reservoir are estimated to move toward the reservoir’s center by +0.98 ± 0.01 (−0.98 ± 0.01), +0.48 ± 0.00 (−0.48 ± 0.00), and +0.33 ± 0.00 (−0.33 ± 0.00) mm/year, under the 5-, 10- and 15-year filling strategies, respectively; (iii) the northern part of the GERD reservoir is moving southward by +1.28 ± 0.02, +0.64 ± 0.01, and +0.43 ± 0.00 mm/year, while the southern part is moving northward by −3.75 ± 0.04, −1.87 ± 0.02, and −1.25 ± 0.01 mm/year, during the three examined scenarios, respectively; and (iv) the GRACE-FO mission can only detect 15% of the large-scale land deformation produced by the GERD reservoir. Methods and results demonstrated in this study provide insights into possible impacts of reservoir impoundment on land surface deformation, which can be adopted into the GERD project or similar future dam construction plans.

Mining wastewater management and its effects on groundwater and ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Celebi ◽  
S. Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mining Wastewater ◽  
The Developed Countries

Large-scale mining activities have a huge impact on the environment. Determination of the size of the effect and monitoring it is vital. In this study, risk assessment studies in mining areas and the effect of mining on groundwater and ecosystems were investigated. Best management practices and risk assessment steps were determined, especially in areas with huge amounts of mining wastewater. The pollution of groundwater and its reaching humans is a risk of major importance. Our study showed, using many cases with different parameters and countries, that the management of mining wastewater is vital. Environmental impact assessments and monitoring studies must be carried out before operation and at the closure of the mine. Policies must be in place and ready to apply. Factors of climate, geology, ecology and human health must be considered over a long period. Currently, only the developed countries are applying policies and paying attention to the risk. International assessments and health risk assessments should be carried out according to international standards.

Large-scale preparation of a 3D patchy surface with dissimilar dendritic amphiphiles

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Feng ◽  
Yujia Wan ◽  
Ming Jin ◽  
Decheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Preparation ◽  
Porous Monolith ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Surface Decoration ◽  
Scale Surface

We show here the first example of the large-scale surface decoration of a macroscopic and porous monolith with dissimilar micropatches.

scholarly journals Modeling of Thermal Effects in Semiconductor Structures

VLSI Design ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Electron Mobility Transistors ◽  
Thermal Modelling ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Electron Mobility Transistors ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Scale Surface

A fully coupled electro-thermal hydrodynamic model is described which is suitable for modelling active devices. The model is applied to the non-isothermal simulation of pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs). A large-scale surface temperature model is described which allows thermal modelling of semiconductor devices and monolithic circuits. An example of the application of thermal modelling to monolithic circuit characterization is given.

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