scholarly journals Resistant varieties of winter wheat on the artificial infectious background Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died) Drechs in a forest-steppe of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
L.N. Golosna ◽  
I.S. Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Stability

In artificial backgrounds infectious pathogens bunt and tan spot under steppes of Ukraine evaluated the stability of winter wheat collection of National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Varieties winter wheat resistant to P. tritici-repentis — Astra, Harmonia Odeska and Tradicia Odeska (point 3) and resistant to T. caries variety Course (point 7—8) can be used as donors resistance in breeding centers of Ukraine.

scholarly journals The defeat of wheat varieties by the pathogen Tilletia caries (DC) Tul.

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
L. Holosna
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Resistance Score

Goal. To determine the degree of resistance of collection samples of winter wheat to the pathogen of the common bunt Tilletia caries in the conditions of the Right forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research Methods. Field. The studies were conducted on the sites of the experimental farm «Glevakha» Vasilkovsky district of Kiev region in 2015—2017. The infectious background of the pathogen of solid bunt was created according to the method of Krivchenko V.I. Sustainability was assessed by counting the number of healthy and diseased ears. The results were differentiated in points on a 9-point scale. Results. Against an artificial infectious background of the pathogen of hard bunt, the stability of 115 winter wheat cultivars was evaluated. The collection was obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of the Institute of Plant Production and included varietal samples from 15 countries: Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Romania, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Iran, Georgia, Hungary, Bulgaria and the USA. Among the varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection, highly resistant (score 9—8) to the causative agent of bunt was not found, resistance (score 7—6) was shown by the varieties Niva and Syaivo (Ukraine). Varieties of foreign selection that showed high resistance (score 9—8) — Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57 (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD and Miranda (Romania), resistant (score 7—6) were — Course (Russia), Noroc (Romania) and MV-Toldi (Hungary). Conclusions. Varieties of winter wheat Niva, Syaivo, Hvulya, Veteran, L 59, Schedrost and Pobeda of Ukrainian selection, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57, Course (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD, Miranda, Noroc (Romania ), MV-Toldi (Hungary) in the years of research showed a high resistance to the causative agent of bunt T. caries on an artificial infectious background. All of them can be used in the selection of new productive, disease-resistant varieties.

scholarly journals Genetic Control of Resistance to Tan Necrosis Induced by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Races 1 and 2, in Spring and Winter Wheat Genotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Singh ◽  
G. R. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

The symptoms of tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora triticirepentis, include a tan necrosis component and an extensive chlorosis component. Since tan spot has become the major component of the leafspotting disease complex of wheat in western Canada, the need for resistant cultivars has increased. This study was conducted to determine whether the resistance to tan spot found in a diverse set of spring and winter wheat genotypes was due to resistance genes not previously reported. The genetic control of resistance to necrosis induced by P. triticirepentis race 1 and race 2 was determined, under controlled environmental conditions, for spring wheat genotypes Erik and 86ISMN 2137 and winter wheat genotypes Hadden, Red Chief, and 6B-365. Plants were inoculated at the two-leaf stage and disease reaction was assessed based on lesion type. Tests of the F1 and F2 generations, and of F2:3 and F2:8 families, indicated that one recessive gene controlled resistance to the necrosis component of tan spot caused by both race 1 and race 2 in each cross studied. Lack of segregation in crosses between the resistant cultivars indicated that the resistance gene was the same in all of the cultivars.

scholarly journals Winter wheat in England and Wales, 1923–1995: what do indices of genetic diversity reveal?

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Srinivasan ◽  
Colin Thirtle ◽  
Paolo Palladino
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Genealogical Relationship ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
The Stability

AbstractGenealogical data have been used very widely to construct indices with which to examine the contribution of plant breeding programmes to the maintenance and enhancement of genetic resources. In this paper we use such indices to examine changes in the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop in England and Wales between 1923 and 1995. We find that, except for one period characterized by the dominance of imported varieties, the genetic diversity of the winter wheat crop has been remarkably stable. This agrees with many studies of plant breeding programmes elsewhere. However, underlying the stability of the winter wheat crop is accelerating varietal turnover without any significant diversification of the genetic resources used. Moreover, the changes we observe are more directly attributable to changes in the varietal shares of the area under winter wheat than to the genealogical relationship between the varieties sown. We argue, therefore, that while genealogical indices reflect how well plant breeders have retained and exploited the resources with which they started, these indices suffer from a critical limitation. They do not reflect the proportion of the available range of genetic resources which has been effectively utilized in the breeding programme: complex crosses of a given set of varieties can yield high indices, and yet disguise the loss (or non-utilization) of a large proportion of the available genetic diversity.

Plant introduction as a priority direction of scientific and practical activity of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
N.V. Kuzmyshyna ◽  
R.L, Boguslavskyi ◽  
O.M. Bezuglaya ◽  
V.M. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Priority Direction

The aim of the article is to summarize the results of plant gene pool samples introduction into the National Plant Genebank from different countries and ecological and geographical zones for use in domestic breeding. Results and Discussion. In 2016 – 2018, 5984 samples were introduced to the Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine using various information sources, including 2093 samples from Ukraine and 3891 from foreign countries. The greatest samples variety was attracted by cereals, leguminous, fodder, medicinal and essential oil, vegetable and melon crops, corn. Seeds of new forms having valuable properties are attached from research and breeding institutions of Ukraine. The samples of foreign origin were most actively introduced through cooperation with research institutions of Russia, Belarus, and Moldova. A significant number of samples came from genebanks in Europe: the Czech Republic, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands; Asia: Kazakhstan Turkey, Israel, China as well as from South (Mexico) and North America - USA, Canada. The ways of pre-adaptation and adaptation of samples from geographically remote regions for use in Ukraine are indicated. To collect local cultural and wild-growing samples of different crops, collecting missions were carried out in the central and southern regions of the forest-steppe and northeastern regions of Ukraine during which 1641 gene pool samples were collected. For the Red Book species of plants and species that are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine but are rare or are threatened with extinction under natural conditions, a points have been identified for possible arrangement of in situ conservation reserves. A number of objects with a rich genetic diversity of fodder and medicinal plants have been identified, on which it is necessary to monitor coenoses and ensure in situ conservation. The introduced samples were transferred for use in research and breeding programs in Ukraine. Conclusions. The definition of a model of ecologically adapted in Ukraine genotypes of different crops that are carriers of valuable traits from countries with similar climatic conditions as well as from geographically remote regions, has made it possible to increase the efficiency of introduction and to more specifically search and attract to the National Genebank the plant samples with the necessary manifestation levels of economic and biological traits.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Association Mapping of Resistance to Tan Spot and Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch in Adapted Winter Wheat Germplasm

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohui Liu ◽  
Ibrahim El-Basyoni ◽  
Gayan Kariyawasam ◽  
Guorong Zhang ◽  
Allan Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis

Tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), often occurring together, are two economically significant diseases of wheat in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. They are caused by the fungi Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Parastagonospora nodorum, respectively, both of which produce multiple necrotrophic effectors (NE) to cause disease. In this work, 120 hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars or elite lines, mostly from the United States, were evaluated in the greenhouse for their reactions to the two diseases as well as NE produced by the two pathogens. One P. nodorum isolate (Sn4) and four Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates (Pti2, 331-9, DW5, and AR CrossB10) were used separately in the disease evaluations. NE sensitivity evaluation included ToxA, Ptr ToxB, SnTox1, and SnTox3. The numbers of lines that were rated highly resistant to individual isolates ranged from 11 (9%) to 30 (25%) but only six lines (5%) were highly resistant to all isolates, indicating limited sources of resistance to both diseases in the U.S. adapted HRWW germplasm. Sensitivity to ToxA was identified in 83 (69%) of the lines and significantly correlated with disease caused by Sn4 and Pti2, whereas sensitivity to other NE was present at much lower frequency and had no significant association with disease. As expected, association mapping located ToxA and SnTox3 sensitivity to chromosome arm 5BL and 5BS, respectively. A total of 24 potential quantitative trait loci was identified with −log (P value) > 3.0 on 12 chromosomes, some of which are novel. This work provides valuable information and tools for HRWW production and breeding in the Northern Great Plains.

Genome-wide association mapping of tan spot resistance (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) in European winter wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kollers ◽  
Bernd Rodemann ◽  
Jie Ling ◽  
Viktor Korzun ◽  
Erhard Ebmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
European Winter Wheat

Creating a collection of the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) gene pool

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
V.V. Moskalets ◽  
T.Z. Moskalets ◽  
I.V. Grynyk ◽  
O.B. Ovezmyradova ◽  
O.M. Nevmerzhytska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Morphobiological Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Аim. To create a working collection of the sea buckthorn gene pool for priority breeding trends. Results and Discussion. Scientific and practical results of building up and studying the working collection of the buckthorn gene pool of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS are presented. Aspects of formation of a working collection and their comparative identification by genetic profiles are analyzed. Morphobiological characteristics and economically valuable features of sea buckthorn plants are summarized. Conclusions. Targeted introduction and studies of the adaptive and productive potentials of sea buckthorn in the experimental fields of the Institute of Horticulture (northern forest-steppe of Ukraine) in 2017-2019 allowed us to transfer the most promising genotypes to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCPGRU) of the Рlant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine, where, after expert evaluation, they were assigned catalog numbers and included in a list of plants of the genetic bank of Ukraine: F 1-15-1 or Nosivchanka (UA3700073), F 1-15-8S or Mitsna (UA3700079), male form 1-15 -6Ch or Aboryhеn 6/11 (UA3700080), F 1-15-9 or Karotynna (UA3700082), F 1-15-3 or Pamiatka (UA3700076), F 1-15-8V or Soniachne Siayvo (UA3700075), 1-15-11 or Lymonna (UA3700072), F 2-15-73 or Morkviana (UA3700077), F 1-15-5 or Adaptyvna (UA3700078), F 1-15-8B or Osoblyva (UA3700083), F 1-15-6 or Apelsynova (UA3700084), F 6А/11 (UA3700081), and F 1-15-5а or Sribnolysta 5a (UA3700074).

scholarly journals Races, disease symptoms and genetic variability in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis isolates from Oklahoma that cause tan spot of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi A. Kader ◽  
Robert M. Hunger ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
Stephen M. Marek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Race 1

AbstractIn recent years, tan spot of wheat caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has become more prevalent in Oklahoma. Experiments were conducted to investigate the race structure, disease symptoms and genetic variability in P. tritici-repentis isolates collected from winter wheat over three decades. Race determination was conducted for 16 isolates based on expression of necrosis and/or chlorosis produced on wheat differentials. Variability in disease symptoms expressed by 12 isolates was determined on 13 hard red winter wheat cultivars grown in Oklahoma. In addition, genetic variability among 17 isolates was determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (AFLP-PCR). All isolates except one (El Reno) were classified as race 1. Isolates varied widely in producing necrosis and/or chlorosis symptoms on wheat cultivars, but necrosis with a chlorotic halo was predominant (56.4%). AFLP-PCR analysis using 13 primer pairs produced a total of 494 alleles of which 285 were polymorphic. The overall genetic diversity among the isolates was 25.2%. Genetic relationships based on cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed only minor differences between isolates, and isolates did not form tight clusters or groups. The isolates of P. tritici-repentis were predominantly race 1; however, they produced a range of tan spot symptoms on wheat cultivars. The lack of distinct genetic grouping by the AFLP marker study indicates that the isolates used in this study likely originated from a single lineage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of new selection forms of guelder rose (Viburnum opulus L.) on ecological and economically valuable traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
V. Moskalets ◽  
◽  
T. Moskalets ◽  
Yu. Barat ◽  
O. Ovezmyradova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

It has been shown that an alternative source of many food components are fruit plants, in particular, Sorbus aucuparia L., Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Viburnum opulus L., Cornus mas L. and others. Their raw materials are a source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and other vital nutrients necessary for the normal maintenance of metabolic processes in the human body. The article focuses on the shortage of genetic resources of Viburnum opulus L., which would meet the requirements of mechanized harvesting, are characterized by high environmental adaptability, as well as meet the requirements of the processing and food industries for consumer quality for the production of functional and health products. New selection forms of Viburnum opulus L. (Strumkova, Horikhova, Krasunya) are characterized by economically valuable traits, morpho-biological traits and properties and biochemical indicators. It is shown that the new forms of guelder rose Strumkova and Krasunya, given the high yields (7.7 and 12.7 kg / plant, respectively) and consumer quality of fruits, are suitable for processing and production of functional products, and the plant form of Horikhova is suitable to the mechanized harvesting of fruits in their technical ripeness, due to low growth (1.8 m) and compactness of a bush, character of placement of fruits on a plant. Based on the successful targeted introduction during 2017–2019 in the research field of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS (Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine), more promising (3 samples) were transferred to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCGRRU). V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS of Ukraine, where after expert evaluation the samples were assigned a catalog number and included in the genetic bank of plants of Ukraine, including: Strumkova, Horikhova, Krasunya which are recommended for the selection process as sources of stable productivity and consumer quality fruits for processing, high resistance to adverse environmental factors.

scholarly journals ToxA Is Present in the U.S. Bipolaris sorokiniana Population and Is a Significant Virulence Factor on Wheat Harboring Tsn1

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Friesen ◽  
D. J. Holmes ◽  
R. L. Bowden ◽  
J. D. Faris
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Parastagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Mutant Lines

ToxA, a necrotrophic effector originally identified from the tan spot fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in 1987, was subsequently identified from Parastagonospora nodorum in 2006. More recently, the ToxA gene was identified in the spot blotch fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana in Australia. Here we show that the ToxA gene is also present in the B. sorokiniana population in the winter wheat region of southcentral Texas. Leaves from ‘Duster’ wheat showing strong necrotic lesions were collected in Castroville, TX. Fifteen single-spore isolates were collected from separate lesions, and 13 of them harbored the BsToxA gene and secreted ToxA in culture based on sensitivity of BG261, the differential line containing the dominant ToxA sensitivity gene, Tsn1. Four isolates harboring BsToxA and one deficient in BsToxA were used to infiltrate two wheat lines harboring Tsn1 as well as their corresponding tsn1 mutant lines. Culture filtrates of the isolate lacking BsToxA did not induce necrosis on any of the lines. Culture filtrates of the four BsToxA-containing isolates induced necrosis on the wild type (Tsn1) lines but not on the corresponding tsn1 mutant lines. Sensitivity to these culture filtrates also mapped to the previously identified location for Tsn1 in the winter wheat mapping population Arina × Forno. Inoculation of one of these ToxA-producing isolates on the same population showed that the Tsn1 locus accounted for 24.4% of the disease variation. All 13 isolates harbored the same BsToxA nucleotide sequence, which was identical to one of the two haplotypes previously identified in Australia. Sensitivity to ToxA is prevalent in popular hard winter wheat cultivars in the central and southcentral winter wheat regions of the United States, showing the potential of a selective advantage for B. sorokiniana isolates that harbor the ToxA gene.

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