Creating a collection of the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) gene pool

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
V.V. Moskalets ◽  
T.Z. Moskalets ◽  
I.V. Grynyk ◽  
O.B. Ovezmyradova ◽  
O.M. Nevmerzhytska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Morphobiological Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Аim. To create a working collection of the sea buckthorn gene pool for priority breeding trends. Results and Discussion. Scientific and practical results of building up and studying the working collection of the buckthorn gene pool of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS are presented. Aspects of formation of a working collection and their comparative identification by genetic profiles are analyzed. Morphobiological characteristics and economically valuable features of sea buckthorn plants are summarized. Conclusions. Targeted introduction and studies of the adaptive and productive potentials of sea buckthorn in the experimental fields of the Institute of Horticulture (northern forest-steppe of Ukraine) in 2017-2019 allowed us to transfer the most promising genotypes to the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine (NCPGRU) of the Рlant Production Institute named after VYa Yuriev of NAAS of Ukraine, where, after expert evaluation, they were assigned catalog numbers and included in a list of plants of the genetic bank of Ukraine: F 1-15-1 or Nosivchanka (UA3700073), F 1-15-8S or Mitsna (UA3700079), male form 1-15 -6Ch or Aboryhеn 6/11 (UA3700080), F 1-15-9 or Karotynna (UA3700082), F 1-15-3 or Pamiatka (UA3700076), F 1-15-8V or Soniachne Siayvo (UA3700075), 1-15-11 or Lymonna (UA3700072), F 2-15-73 or Morkviana (UA3700077), F 1-15-5 or Adaptyvna (UA3700078), F 1-15-8B or Osoblyva (UA3700083), F 1-15-6 or Apelsynova (UA3700084), F 6А/11 (UA3700081), and F 1-15-5а or Sribnolysta 5a (UA3700074).

Plant introduction as a priority direction of scientific and practical activity of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
N.V. Kuzmyshyna ◽  
R.L, Boguslavskyi ◽  
O.M. Bezuglaya ◽  
V.M. Bondarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Priority Direction

The aim of the article is to summarize the results of plant gene pool samples introduction into the National Plant Genebank from different countries and ecological and geographical zones for use in domestic breeding. Results and Discussion. In 2016 – 2018, 5984 samples were introduced to the Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine using various information sources, including 2093 samples from Ukraine and 3891 from foreign countries. The greatest samples variety was attracted by cereals, leguminous, fodder, medicinal and essential oil, vegetable and melon crops, corn. Seeds of new forms having valuable properties are attached from research and breeding institutions of Ukraine. The samples of foreign origin were most actively introduced through cooperation with research institutions of Russia, Belarus, and Moldova. A significant number of samples came from genebanks in Europe: the Czech Republic, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands; Asia: Kazakhstan Turkey, Israel, China as well as from South (Mexico) and North America - USA, Canada. The ways of pre-adaptation and adaptation of samples from geographically remote regions for use in Ukraine are indicated. To collect local cultural and wild-growing samples of different crops, collecting missions were carried out in the central and southern regions of the forest-steppe and northeastern regions of Ukraine during which 1641 gene pool samples were collected. For the Red Book species of plants and species that are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine but are rare or are threatened with extinction under natural conditions, a points have been identified for possible arrangement of in situ conservation reserves. A number of objects with a rich genetic diversity of fodder and medicinal plants have been identified, on which it is necessary to monitor coenoses and ensure in situ conservation. The introduced samples were transferred for use in research and breeding programs in Ukraine. Conclusions. The definition of a model of ecologically adapted in Ukraine genotypes of different crops that are carriers of valuable traits from countries with similar climatic conditions as well as from geographically remote regions, has made it possible to increase the efficiency of introduction and to more specifically search and attract to the National Genebank the plant samples with the necessary manifestation levels of economic and biological traits.

Drawing up queries, forms and reports of the information system on plant genetic resources

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
F.Kh. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Gene ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
National Information ◽  
Research Institute

Aim. To develop the National Plant Gene Pool Information System for the effective exchange of information and targeted use of this information in different research programs as well as for cooperation with regional and international organizations on the basis of intellectual property rights. Results and Discussion. This study was aimed at solving a set of interrelated objectives to compile a computer database of characteristics of the Global Collection of Agricultural Genetic Resources. The platform for this database was harmonized and systematized crop descriptors, which are the main component of the National Information System. As a part of these studies, the PGR Documentation Unit at the National Genebank of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources worked at constructing data queries for presentation in the Information System forms. The tool part of the CAC-DB information system, where one can generate any query at one’s discretion by selecting data using the Query tools, served as a basis for this work. Seventeen types of queries for general use and 4 types of report templates were designed. The National Information System on Plant Genetic Resources, which is being developed at the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, will make it possible to increase the efficiency of its storage, documentation, management and use through the exchange of information and germplasm, and will ensure the transition of genetic and breeding studies to a new technological level, increasing its effectiveness. Conclusions. The developed National Information System is unique and selective. It will concentrate comprehensive information on the plant gene pool of the Republic, as it is specific for Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, having no analogues in the world.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF PLANT HEIGHT AND GRAIN YIELD OF COLLECTED SAMPLES OF WINTER TRITICALE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Sergey Ponomarev ◽  
Mira Ponomareva Mira Leonidovna ◽  
Sergey Fomin ◽  
Gul'naz Mannapova ◽  
Liliya Gil'mullina
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Winter Triticale

The aim of the study is to isolate from collection samples of winter triticale the sources of short-stemming and high grain yield for their further involvement in the selection process in the forest-steppe conditions of middle Volga region. The studies were carried out in 2013–2017 on typical gray forest soils. 93 samples of winter triticale of Russian selection, obtained from the collection of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov. Standard is Bashkir short-stemmed. Weather conditions during the years of study varied significantly. The studied gene pool has a wide genetic diversity in plant height (65 ... 136 cm) and yield (277 ... 579 g/m2). According to the results of analysis of variance, a significant influence of the genotype and year conditions on the manifestation of these characters was established. Plant height and yield depended on both factors and their interaction, but the first trait is determined mainly by the heredity of the varieties (46.1%), and the second - by the growing conditions (61.8%). There was a significant variation in the values of the studied indicators, both by genotypes and by years: the coefficient of intervarietal variation in the average values of the traits of grain yield and plant height for 2013–2017 amounted to 15.0 and 17.2%, respectively, with variation by years 15 , 4 ... 30.7% and 15.1 ... 20.1%, respectively. According to the results of regression analysis, it was found that within the studied gene pool the highest grain yield was formed by samples with a plant height of 86 ... 105 cm. 13 sources of short-stemming with a plant height below 80 cm and 17 high-yielding samples with a yield of 515 ... 579 g/m2 were identified. In these genotypes, the yield excess over Bashkirskaya short-stemmed standard was significant and amounted to 33 ... 97 g/ m2, or 6.8 ... 20.1%. The varieties Tribun, Skif, Kentavr, Sotnik are characterized by the highest breeding value

Study of the national rice collection for economically valuable characterisitcs in the south of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
T M Shpak ◽  
DV Shpak ◽  
AV Melnichenko ◽  
ES Dovbush ◽  
DP Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits

The aim was to form and study a national rice collection, identifying accessions by economically valuable traits for further use in breeding. Results and Discussion. The results of the national rice collection allowed for identification of sources of economically valuable traits: growing period, yield, plant height, panicle performance, vitreousness, stress crack, total output of groats and whole kernels, disease resistance (blast disease), etc. Of the studied accessions, valuable for breeding varieties and lines were selected as sources of individual valuable traits (UIR 3095, Marzhan, UIR 8493, Viаlone Nano, Pashali, Aral 202, Egyption gasmine, Cheope). The UIR 3095-14 line received a registration certificate for a plant gene pool accession in Ukraine. Having studied the collection and having distinguished reference varieties and sources of economically valuable traits, we built up a trait collection of rice by technological characteristics of rice grain and registered it with the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine based (Certificate No. 293 dated 11.05.2020) Conclusions. For effective breeding work, constant studies of the national rice collection are conducted. Varieties and lines – sources of valuable traits have been identified; their inclusion in breeding in the future will make it possible to obtain varieties that maximally combine several economically valuable traits in one genotype.

scholarly journals Selection of an optimal method for screening the collection of narrow-leaved lupine held by the Vavilov Institute for the qualitative and quantitative composition of seed alkaloids

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-835
Author(s):  
A. V. Kushnareva ◽  
Т. V. Shelengа ◽  
I. N. Perchuk ◽  
G. P. Egorova ◽  
L. L. Malyshev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Vavilov Institute ◽  
Selection Of

Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus аngustifolius L.) is a widely cultivated leguminous forage and green manure crop with a potential for human nutrition. However, the presence of secondary metabolites – alkaloids – in lupine seeds considerably affects the quality of raw produce, reducing its nutritive value; in addition, high concentrations of alkaloids are toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, plant breeders working with lupine need to gain knowledge about the variability of alkaloid content in seeds of different genotypes and search for the sources of their low concentrations in the crop’s gene pool. The collection of narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) offers wide opportunities for such search by means of mass screening. For its part, largescale gene pool screening requires the selection of an optimal technique to measure alkaloid content in seeds, so that it would be easily reproducible and as little labor-, time- and fund-consuming as possible. The results of the search for such method are presented. Qualitative and quantitative indices were compared when target compounds had been extracted with multicomponent mixtures and individual reagents (chloroform, methanol, etc.) and the extracts analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was also employed. Five major alkaloids were found to be present in all types of extracts: lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine (dominant ones), angustifoline, sparteine, and isolupanine. The fullest extraction of alkaloids was observed when the extractant with an added alkaline agent was used (425 mg/100 g). The lowest level of extraction was registered with chloroform (216 mg/100 g). The significance of the differences was confirmed statistically.

scholarly journals Sea buckthorn fly, manifestations of its turn and control in agrocenoses of buckthorn

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
T. Moskalets ◽  
V. Moskalets ◽  
I. Grynyk ◽  
I.V. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
And Control

Goal. To investigate the bioecological and morphological features of the sea buckthorn fly, to evaluate the manifestations of parasitism and methods of phytophage control in agrocenoses of the sea buckthorn. Methods. Census of sea buckthorn flies was carried out in agrocenoses of sea buckthorn of the The Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, its research network. The studies used sea buckthorn varieties of domestic and foreign selection, which differ in ripeness groups: mid-early, mid-ripening, late-ripening. Results. In the conditions of the Polesia-Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe ecotopes, a pest of agrocenoses of the sea buckthorn buckthorn fly was revealed. Bioecological features and morphological characteristics of this pest have been investigated. It has been established that in the conditions of the Western and Northern Forest-steppe of Ukraine, mid-early and mid-season varieties of sea buckthorn suffer from the sea buckthorn fly. A set of measures has been developed for the use of elements of agricultural technology, biological and chemical preparations for the control of sea buckthorn flies in sea buckthorn agrocenoses. Conclusions. It has been shown that the populations of the sea buckthorn fly are numerous on plants of early and mid-season varieties of sea buckthorn, in particular, on such as: Chuiskaya, Pagorbova, Morkvyana, Pavilionna. It was found that the larvae of flies penetrate the fruits, where they feed on the pulp, after which the sea buckthorn fruits become completely unsuitable for fresh consumption and for processing. Research carried out during 2017—2020 in the conditions of the Polesia-Forest-Steppe and Forest-Steppe ecotopes, it was possible to identify varieties of sea buckthorn (Orangevya, Adaptyvna), which are relatively resistant to sea buckthorn fly. It has been established that carrying out agrotechnical measures for loosening the soil in the near-stem part of plants and aisles, sowing perennial herbaceous vegetation in the aisles against the background of changing weather conditions significantly inhibits the development of the sea buckthorn fly and reduces damage to sea buckthorn fruits.

scholarly journals Formation of a working tobacco collection according to the complex of characters in the conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 172-183
Author(s):  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
◽  
A. V. Morgun ◽  
V. I. Morgun ◽  
A. M. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Selection Of

One of the effective ways of creating high-yield tobacco varieties is the selection of donors of economically valuable characters and their optimal combination in new plant genotypes. Sources for selection and creation of such donors are gene pool collections, which concentrate source material of different geographical origin with a set of valuable breeding and genetic characters. The level of expression of these characters is modified by breeding conditions and the response of the genotype to environmental factors. Therefore, the main purpose of our research was to study the manifestation of morpho-biological features and properties of plants of tobacco collection samples in agroclimatic conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine, establishment of breeding value of available gene pool of culture, selection of sources of economically valuable characters and formation of working tobacco collection. The strategic task of research is to create the varieties that are able to maximize the use of their genetic potential in a specific region, to be resistant to stressful environmental conditions, to ensure a high realization of the genetic potential of productivity. For the first time in the conditions of the Central Forest-steppe of Ukraine the analysis of 30 collection samples of tobacco of different ecological and geographical origin was carried out. New genetic sources for morphological character of plants, raw yield, seed productivity and early maturity, which are used at the Experimental station of tobacco farming National Research Center "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences" in variety breeding, were identified. A certificate of registration of the working collection of tobacco gene pool of the present on morphological characters was received from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, according to the results of research in 2017–2019 (Certificate № 277 from 29.10.2019).

Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska oblasts plant genetic resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
VM Kirian ◽  
LA Hlushchenko ◽  
RL Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Natural Reserves

Aim: collection of local wild and cultural gene pool accessions of the plants adapted to the conditions of Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska oblasts of Ukraine for selection from them ones valuable on economic and biological traits, including them in the plant-breeding and research programs and maintenance in collections of the National Plant Genebank of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. There is carried out expeditionary inspection of the districts of Dnipropetrovska and Kharkivska regions of Ukraine. 473 gene pool accessions of cultural plants and wild relative forms adapted to the conditions of this region related to 165 botanical species are collected. 274 herbarium sheets of 53 plant species are prepared. Natural reserves and objects of the naturally-protected fund are explored for seed collection of rare and regionally rare species, and also vegetation of burial mounds, ravines, beams, slopes, undisturbed steppe areas. Points for the establishment of in situ conservation reserves have been identified. The collected material will ensure the expansion of the genetic base of existing and the creation of new genetic resources collections of field, medicinal and other crops due to samples characterized by adaptability to stress abiotic and resistance to biotic factors, productivity, product quality. Conclusions. 473 seeds packages and planting material units of gene pool accessions are collected during the expedition and transferred to research institutions for the study. The results of the expedition showed the promise of continuing expeditionary surveys and collecting gene pool samples in Ukraine. To do this, it is necessary to equip the NCPGRU with a specialized vehicle and provide for a special article to finance expeditions.

Fishing in the gene pool – how useful was the catch?

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Robert Koebner ◽  
Rodomiro Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Section Meeting ◽  
Breeding Programmes

A commentary on the highlights of the 2013 EUCARPIA (the European Associationc for Research on Plant Breeding) Plant Genetic Resources Section meeting at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Alnarp is presented here. The central theme of the meeting was the use of plant genetic resources in pre-breeding programmes, particularly in the context of incipient climate change and human population pressure.

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