THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE WORK OF THE WAX PRESS "FOX" WHEN PRESSING WAX FROM WASTE

VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM. P.A. KOSTYCHEVA ◽

10.36508/rsatu.2020.45.1.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Н.М. МАКСИМОВ ◽

Н.В. НИКИФОРОВ

Keyword(s):

Effective Length ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Kinematic Scheme ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Theoretical Justification ◽

Dark Cells ◽

Measuring Devices ◽

And Control ◽

Important Branch

Пчеловодство является важной отраслью сельского хозяйства. Одним из важнейших продуктов пчеловодства является воск, получаемый из пчелиных сотов. При перетопке тёмных пчелиных сот, в которых выводился пчелиный расплод, неизбежно остаются отходы - мерва. Для извлечения воска из мервы применяются прессы различных конструкций. В силу простоты конструкции наибольшую популярность среди пчеловодов приобрёл воскопресс «Лисица». Целью настоящего исследования является теоретический анализ сил, действующих в воскопрессе «Лисица» при прессовании мервы, а также практическое определение количества получаемого воска из мервы в зависимости от развиваемого давления прессования. В статье дано теоретическое обоснование процесса отжима мервы с использованием воскопресса «Лисица». Представлена кинематическая схема воскопресса, обозначены силы, действующие в нём при отжиме мервы. Приведено уравнение моментов сил и даны формулы для расчёта давления прессования мервы. Установлено, что развиваемое давление прессования напрямую зависит от эффективной длины верхнего рычага воскопресса и приложенного к нему усилия. В тексте работы приведены материалы и методика исследований с описанием экспериментальной установки и контрольно-измерительных приборов. Получены результаты исследования влияния давления прессования мервы на количество получаемого воска. Установлено, что при увеличении давления прессования в 2 раза, с 86 до 172 кПа, выход воска при прессовании мервы увеличивается в 1,5 раза и составляет 459 г для тёмных сот и 361 г для коричневых. В статье даны выводы и рекомендации по улучшению работы воскопресса, а также приведён анализ полученных аналитических зависимостей Beekeeping is an important branch of agriculture. One of the most important products of beekeeping is wax obtained from honeycombs. When re-digging dark honeycombs in which the bee brood is displayed, waste is inevitably left. Presses of various designs are used to extract wax from waste. Due to the simplicity of the design, the most popular among beekeepers was the "Fox" wax press. The purpose of this study is a theoretical analysis of the forces acting in the "Fox" wax press when pressing waste from wax, as well as a practical determination of the amount of wax produced from waste depending on the developed pressing pressure. The article provides a theoretical justification for the process of pressing waste from wax using the "Fox" wax press. The kinematic scheme of the wax press is presented, and the forces acting in it when pressing waste from wax are indicated. The equation of moments of forces is given and formulas for calculating the pressure of pressing waste from wax are given. It is established that the developed pressing pressure directly depends on the effective length of the upper arm of the wax press and the force applied to it. The text of the work contains materials and methods of research with a description of the experimental installation and control and measuring devices. The results of the study of the influence of the pressure of pressing waste from wax on the amount of wax produced are obtained. It was found that with an increase in the pressing pressure of 2 times, from 86 to 172 kPa, the output of wax during the pressing of waste increases by 1.5 times and is 459 g for dark cells and 361 g for brown ones. The article provides conclusions and recommendations for improving the operation of the wax press, as well as an analysis of the obtained analytical dependencies

Download Full-text

Determination of two-liquid mixture composition by assessing its dielectric parameters 2. modified measuring system for monitoring the dehydration process of bioethanol production

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences ◽

10.2478/lpts-2014-0006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61

Author(s):

O. Vilitis ◽

P. Shipkovs ◽

D. Merkulovs ◽

A. Rucins ◽

K. Zihmane-Ritina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Mixture ◽

Liquid Mixtures ◽

Measuring System ◽

Bioethanol Production ◽

Dehydration Process ◽

Ethanol Dehydration ◽

Dielectric Parameters ◽

Measuring Devices ◽

And Control

Abstract In Part 2 of the work we describe a modified measuring system for precise monitoring of the dehydration process of bioethanol production. This is based on the earlier proposed system for measuring the concentration of solutions and two-liquid mixtures using devices with capacitive sensors (1-300pF), which provides a stable measuring resolution of ± 0.005 pF at measuring the capacitance of a sensor. In this part of our work we determine additional requirements that are to be imposed on the measuring system at monitoring the ethanol dehydration process and control of bioethanol production. The most important parameters of the developed measuring system are identified. An exemplary calculation is given for the thermocompensated calibration of measuring devices. The results of tests have shown a good performance of the developed measuring system.

Download Full-text

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076858 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 650-651

Author(s):

Amankwah K.S. ◽

A.D. Weberg ◽

R.C. Kaufmann

Keyword(s):

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Uranyl Acetate ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

And Control ◽

Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Download Full-text

Analytical Determination of Operating Conditions and Control Laws of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator

International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS) ◽

10.15866/iremos.v8i2.5379 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koussaila Mesbah ◽

Tahar Otmane-Cherif ◽

Hamid Seddiki

Keyword(s):

Operating Conditions ◽

Induction Generator ◽

Analytical Determination ◽

Doubly Fed Induction Generator ◽

Control Laws ◽

Doubly Fed ◽

And Control

Download Full-text

Application of EDS Technique for OSP Film Thickness Measurement

ISTFA 2006: Conference Proceedings from the 32nd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2006p0193 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Prong Kongsubto ◽

Sirarat Kongwudthiti

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Joint Strength ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Thickness Measurement ◽

Ic Manufacturing ◽

And Control ◽

Film Thickness Measurement ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract Organic solderability preservatives (OSPs) pad is one of the pad finishing technologies where Cu pad is coated with a thin film of an organic material to protect Cu from oxidation during storage and many processes in IC manufacturing. Thickness of OSP film is a critical factor that we have to consider and control in order to achieve desirable joint strength. Until now, no non-destructive technique has been proposed to measure OSP thickness on substrate. This paper reports about the development of EDS technique for estimating OSP thickness, starting with determination of the EDS parameter followed by establishing the correlation between C/Cu ratio and OSP thickness and, finally, evaluating the accuracy of the EDS technique for OSP thickness measurement. EDS quantitative analysis was proved that it can be utilized for OSP thickness estimation.

Download Full-text

TESTS COATINGS UNDER VARIABLE LOADS

Oil and Gas Studies ◽

10.31660/0445-0108-2017-1-95-98 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 95-98

Author(s):

N. L. Venediktov ◽

A. N. Venediktov ◽

I. M. Kovenskiy

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Testing ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Kinematic Scheme ◽

Electrolytic Coating ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Experimental Laboratory

The experimental laboratory-scale plant for the fatigue testing of samples with electrolytic coating were designed and constructed. Shows the kinematic scheme and considered the principle of the plant. The dependences for determination of test parameters and the method of testing samples with coatings under variable loads were obtained.

Download Full-text

Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites under Controlled Composting Conditions and Freshwater Biotope

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040594 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 594

Author(s):

Pavel Brdlík ◽

Martin Borůvka ◽

Luboš Běhálek ◽

Petr Lenfeld

Keyword(s):

Degradation Rate ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Screw Extruder ◽

Flat Film ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate ◽

And Control ◽

Aerobic Biodegradability ◽

Qualitative Analyses

The influence of additives such as natural-based plasticiser acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), CaCO3 and lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) on the biodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites was studied by monitoring microbial metabolic activity through respirometry. Ternary biocomposites and control samples were processed by a twin-screw extruder equipped with a flat film die. Commonly available compost was used for the determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of PLA biocomposites under controlled composting conditions (ISO 14855-1). In addition, the hydro-degradability of prepared films in a freshwater biotope was analysed. To determine the efficiency of hydro-degradation, qualitative analyses (SEM, DSC, TGA and FTIR) were conducted. The results showed obvious differences in the degradation rate of PLA biocomposites. The application of ATBC at 10 wt.% loading increased the biodegradation rate of PLA. The addition of 10 wt.% of CaCO3 into the plasticised PLA matrix ensured an even higher degradation rate at aerobic thermophilic composting conditions. In such samples (PLA/ATBC/CaCO3), 94% biodegradation in 60 days was observed. In contrast, neat PLA exposed to the same conditions achieved only 16% biodegradation. Slightly inhibited microorganism activity was also observed for ternary PLA biocomposites containing L-CNC (1 wt.% loading). The results of qualitative analyses of degradation in a freshwater biotope confirmed increased biodegradation potential of ternary biocomposites containing both CaCO3 and ATBC. Significant differences in the chemical and structural compositions of PLA biocomposites were found in the evaluated period of three months.

Download Full-text

Investigation of Impact Profile and Isolation Effect in Automated Impact Device Design and Control for Operational Modal Analysis

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.4030526 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 137 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Z. C. Ong ◽

C. C. Lee

Keyword(s):

Modal Analysis ◽

Isolation Effect ◽

Time Averaging ◽

Impact Device ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

And Control ◽

Phase Angles ◽

Synchronous Time

A novel modal analysis technique called impact-synchronous modal analysis (ISMA) was introduced in previous research. With the utilization of impact-synchronous time averaging (ISTA), this modal analysis can be performed in presence of ambient forces whereas the conventional analysis method requires machines to be totally shut down. However, lack of information of phase angles with respect to impact in ISMA has caused it to be labor-intensive and time-consuming. An automated impact device (AID) is introduced in this study in the effort to replace the manually operated impact hammer and prepare it to be used in the current practice of ISMA on the purpose of enhancing its effectiveness and practicability. Impact profile and isolation effect are noted to be the contributing parameters in this study. This paper devoted on calibrating and controlling of the AID which gives the desired impact profiles as compared to the manual impact hammer. The AID is found effective in the determination of dynamic characteristics when the device is isolated from the boundary condition of the test structure.

Download Full-text

Characterization and Control of Copper CMP with Optoacoustic Metrology

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-671-m3.9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 671 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Gostein ◽

Paul Lefevre ◽

Alex A. Maznev ◽

Michael Joffe

Keyword(s):

Film Thickness ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Chemical Mechanical Polishing ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

Mechanical Polishing ◽

Length Measurement ◽

And Control ◽

Non Destructive

ABSTRACTWe discuss applications of optoacoustic film thickness metrology for characterization of copper chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). We highlight areas where the use of optoacoustics for CMP characterization provides data complementary to that obtained by other techniques because of its ability to directly measure film thickness with high spatial resolution in a rapid, non-destructive manner. Examples considered include determination of planarization length, measurement of film thickness at intermediate stages of polish, and measurement of arrays of metal lines.

Download Full-text

Antifungal activity of components used for decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/rou.2014.018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cíntia Lima Gouveia ◽

Isabelle Cristine Melo Freire ◽

Maria Luísa de Alencar e Silva Leite ◽

Rebeca Dantas Alves Figueiredo ◽

Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Dental Prostheses ◽

Diffusion Technique ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

And Control

Introduction: The effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions employed in dental prosthesis decontamination is still uncertain. Aim: To evaluate the antifungal activity of cleaners used in the decontamination of dental prostheses on the growth of Candida albicans. Material and method: The evaluated products were: Corega Tabs(r) (S1), Sodium Hypochlorite 1% (S2), Sodium Bicarbonate 1% (S3), Hydrogen Peroxide 1% (S4), Chlorhexidine Digluconate 0.12% - Periogard (r) (S5), Mouthrinse based on essential oils - Listerine(r) (S6), essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) at concentrations of 1% (S7) and 2% (S8). The antifungal activity of the products was evaluated by agar diffusion technique and the determination of microbial death curve of samples of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) in concentration 1.5 × 106 CFU/mL. The tests were performed in triplicate and statistical analysis was made by ANOVA Two-Way and Tukey tests, with the confidence level of 95%. Result: The average of the zones of inhibition growth, in millimeters, obtained for the products were: 0.0 (S1), 44.7 (S2), 0.0 (S3), 21.6 (S4), 10.0 (S5), 6.1 (S6), 0.0 (S7) and 2.4 (S8). Considering the determination of microbial death curve, all products showed a statistical difference (p<0.01) from control (0.85% sodium chloride) and S3 groups. Fungal growth less than 2×104 CFU/mL and an accentuation of the microbial death curve were observed after 30 minutes, with exception for S3 and control groups. Conclusion: The studied compounds, with the exception of Sodium Bicarbonate, have antifungal effect against C. albicans, which contribute for dental prostheses hygiene.

Download Full-text