scholarly journals Encouraging Microcredit through Group Guarantee Loan Moder : The Success Story of MEKAAR Program in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (No. 1 Apr 2018) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Rofikoh Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
Target Market ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Peer Lending ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
The Impact

In 2015, PT Permodalan Nasional Madani/PNM (Persero) initiated the establishment of Mekaar, a state-owned financing product targeting the pre-prosperous micro business sector. Among all the local organizations that provide microcredit service for the poor, Mekaar is considered as the nearest to the poor, since the program is targeted productive poor women with a credit amount of only IDR2 million (around US$150 in average) per person. With its unique peer-lending model, Mekaar has successfully reached more than 1,300,000 customers within two years of its establishment. The peer-lending model was originated from microcredit practice in Bangladesh; however, PT PNM has been successful in adjusting the peer-lending model with Indonesian culture and market through their Mekaar programs. In this article, we examine how Mekaar penetrates Indonesian pre-prosperous market with ultra microfinancing. The information presented in this article is collected primarily from field observation to several Mekaar’s branches and interview with the key person in those branches. First, we presented an overview of PT PNM, an Indonesian state-owned company that created Mekaar program, including its vision and mission. Then, we evaluate Mekaar’s loan product and how PT PNM satisfies the funding needs for Mekaar program. We also evaluate characteristics of Mekaar’s target market, Mekaar’s peer lending model, and the role of Account Officer as a facilitator between the lender and the borrowers in Mekaar’s case. Finally, we evaluate the impact of Mekaar’s program and provide consideration related to future planning of Mekaar.

scholarly journals The Role of Internet and SEO in Branding Destinations: Case of Albania as a New Destination in Balkans

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Ermelinda Kordha Tolica ◽  
Klodiana Gorica ◽  
Vjollca Hysi Panajoti ◽  
Elenica Pjero
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Destination Branding ◽  
New Destination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has recently been changing almost every aspect of society and economy. Within the new technologies, Internet with has impacted the interactivity between people and the variety of products and brands. When the discussion is not simply about a common product/service, but about a tourist destination, the concepts of marketing and ICTs are even more intertwined. An important aspect of tourist destination marketing is its branding. Destination Branding concept is very important because it make possible for a destination to differentiate from competitors through an unique name and identification in the perception that the target market will have. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact that Internet has in destination branding, especially for relatively new destinations. The role of Internet is present through a variety of tools, such as web-sites, e-mail, social networks, blogging etc. We will bring the Albanian Case as a new destination to illustrate how the use of Internet and its related tools has helped in constructing a good brand image. Nowadays people find themselves firstly searching for information online about the destinations they want to visit, through Internet and the various platforms, so they are becoming very important as means for branding a destination. Many Internet elements can make a difference in branding if included as needed in the e-marketing strategy of companies that are making the important work about destination branding. The most important elements that have a positive impact in Albania, are content and keywords of Websites and a good level of sharing with social media. While there is much more to do with forms such as blogging, very important tools in SEO and the use of the right elements to raise brand awareness and differentiation.

Digital Entrepreneurial Charity, Solidarity, and Social Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 921-942
Author(s):  
José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez ◽  
Jorge Colvin-Díez ◽  
Jorge Hernando Cuñado
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Peer Lending ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
The Impact

Microcredit has been studied from many perspectives. In this work, the authors analyze KIVA, the most important Person-to-Person microfinance organization from the viewpoint of social change, and they consider how it has impacted on the nascent of a new wave of entrepreneurs known as digital entrepreneurial charity. Applied to KIVA, the authors analyze the impact of the digital space and its Internet-based Peer-to-Peer Lending to create social change in the poor, while alleviating the poverty thanks to solidarity and charity. This work concludes affirming that banking the poor and education, with the intensive use of Internet-based devices, is the best way to alleviate poverty in the digital and globalized economic world. Finally, after their last research, the authors found some critics about Kiva and microcredits which might be interesting to be considered and these have been analyzed at the end of this work.

Digital Entrepreneurial Charity and Solidarity for Social Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-514
Author(s):  
José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez ◽  
Jorge Colvin-Díez
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Peer Lending ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
The Impact

Microcredit has been studied from many perspectives. In this chapter, we analyze KIVA, the most important Person-to-Person microfinance organization from the perspective of social change, and we study how it has impacted on the nascent of a new wave of entrepreneurs known as digital entrepreneurial charity. Applied to KIVA, we analyze the impact of the digital space and its Internet-based Peer-to-Peer Lending to create social change in the poor, while alleviating the poverty thanks to solidarity and charity. This work concludes affirming that banking the poor and education, with the intensive use of Internet-based devices, is the best way to alleviate poverty in our digital and globalized economic world.

But what about that nice house you own? The impact of asset tests in minimum income schemes in Europe: An empirical exploration

2020 ◽  
pp. 095892872097013
Author(s):  
Sarah Marchal ◽  
Sarah Kuypers ◽  
Ive Marx ◽  
Gerlinde Verbist
Keyword(s):  
Household Finance ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Microsimulation Model ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumption Survey ◽  
European Welfare States

Means-tested transfer schemes in Europe and elsewhere tend to include not only income tests but also asset tests of various sorts. The role of asset tests in minimum income protection provisions has been extensively researched in the Anglo-Saxon context. Far fewer authors have assessed the role of asset tests on social policy in a continental European context. Although asset tests may be useful in singling out the more deserving of the poor, we know relatively little of their actual impact on eligibility and social outcomes in European welfare states. This paper looks at the prevalence and design of asset tests in European minimum income protection schemes. We distinguish between two main types of asset tests: outright disqualification when assets reach a certain value, versus a more gradual tapering at a fictional rate of return. We then analyse in greater detail how asset tests in Belgium and Germany, as representatives of these two types, affect minimum income protection eligibility and poverty outcomes. We use the EUROMOD microsimulation model on the Household Finance and Consumption Survey data in order to assess the effects of asset tests. This survey was explicitly designed to more realistically reflect assets and capital incomes.

Can donations be too little or too much?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-296
Author(s):  
Marc Mazodier ◽  
Francois Anthony Carrillat ◽  
Claire Sherman ◽  
Carolin Plewa
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Corporate Giving ◽  
Csr Image ◽  
Consumer Attribution ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Charities depend on giving behaviors of organizations to fulfil their purpose, whereas corporations seek to improve their image in return. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to investigate optimal donation thresholds for organizations to enhance their corporate social responsibility (CSR) image. Design/methodology/approach Experiment 1 (N = 482) tests whether CSR image improves with donation amount up to the point at which it becomes excessive (H1) and whether this point differs between firms in a positive versus negative economic situation (H2). Experiment 2 (N = 432) examines the role of consumer attribution of firm motives through mediation of these effects (H3), while also exploring consumer donation expectations by testing an “undefined” amount. Experiment 3 (N = 400) validates the role of attributions through the moderating effect of motives. Findings The experiments demonstrate an optimal interval between inferior and superior donation amounts that maximize the impact of corporate giving on CSR image through the attribution of society-serving motives. Furthermore, the economic situation of the company alters these thresholds – higher donations are required to positively influence the CSR image when the company is in a favorable situation. Research limitations/implications This research answers a long-term call to provide more reliable tools on which to base charitable giving decisions. It also identifies perceived donating motives as the psychological process underlying consumers’ response to donation magnitudes. Practical implications The authors determine psychological donation thresholds by examining amounts perceived as insignificant in comparison to excessive and provide managers with an easy-to-implement method to determine optimal donation amounts from their target market. Originality/value By examining charitable giving at the micro-level, this research provides practical advice to companies on how to determine, ahead of time, how much to donate and what exactly to communicate in which economic situation.

The role of implicit learning in logo substitution

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Ohme ◽  
Christo Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

Purpose Some marketers have challenged psychologists’ contention that human beings can only learn by using conscious effort. They argue that advertising can be effective at low levels of (or even no) attention. Also, despite the absence of (or low levels of) consciousness, these subconscious responses can be linked to brands. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of implicit learning in the context of logo substitution – an image that may not look like the original logo, and may not even be consciously associated with the original brand or its logo. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by means of two quasi-experimental studies. Findings The results suggest that, thanks to implicit learning, logo substitution can be effective. Research limitations/implications One limitation was that data were collected from two relatively small convenience samples. Practical implications Logo substitution can be of value when a company faces a situation when advertising is banned or restricted, when the target market is saturated with marketing stimuli (clutter) and when there is a risk that aggressive advertising can lead to psychological reactance. The purpose of logo substitution would then be to unobtrusively activate mental representations closely related to the original logo. Originality/value The central contribution of this study is that it demonstrates how the principles of implicit social cognition, implicit learning and logo substitution can be used by marketers to overcome the undesirable and even adverse advertising circumstances they sometimes face.

scholarly journals Relations between the sensory properties and fat ingredients of lipsticks

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. D502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène de Clermont-Gallerande ◽  
Sarah Abidh ◽  
Alexandre Lauer ◽  
Séverine Navarro ◽  
Gérard Cuvelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simplified Formula

Lipstick is a key product in the make-up sector. A woman applies lipstick to feel feminine and attractive. The sensation she perceives when she applies the product plays an important role in her attachment to her lipstick. The impact of the ingredients on the sensory properties and the quality of the lipsticks needs to be understood, so that the formulation can be more effective and the sensory properties can be precisely adjusted to the target market. During this study, multidimensional correlations were made between the percentage of ingredients, their physico-chemical specifications and the sensory properties of the raw materials on their own or the lipsticks. The objective of this study is to predict the sensory properties of lipsticks from the physico-chemical specifications of the ingredients. It is in effect quicker to access the physical data than the sensory descriptions. The lipsticks were made using a simplified formula, evaluated in a sensory analysis and their physico-chemical characteristics were measured. The relationships between the sensory properties, the ingredient specifications and their percentage of use in the formula were highlighted. The results confirm the major role of the viscosity of oils and the wax used in the formula on the sensory and mechanical properties of the lipstick. It is therefore possible to modify the sensory properties, for example to adjust the shininess of a lipstick, without altering its mechanical resistance. This opens up opportunities for developing innovative sensory textures in short lead times.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Rural Poor’s Endogenous Impetus in Poverty Reduction: Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Fubin Huang ◽  
Zihan Wang ◽  
Chuanmin Shuai ◽  
Jiaxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Partial Least Squares Model ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Motivating the endogenous impetus of the poor to eradicate poverty is an endogenous dilemma that is difficult to solve using the current external poverty alleviation model. In this paper, based on the field survey data of 1112 poor rural households in China, we examine the impact of the poor’s endogenous impetus on their poverty reduction. Firstly, we identify two different components of endogenous impetus: thought impetus and behavior impetus. Secondly, the poverty reduction (livelihood status) of farmers was used as an endogenous variable to construct a partial least squares model to verify our explanation of the role of endogenous impetus of the poor in poverty reduction. The results indicate that (1) both thought impetus and behavior impetus have a positive impact on the livelihood status of the poor; (2) the human capital, physical capital, and social capital of the poor have a positive relationship with the two components of endogenous impetus; and (3) endogenous impetus plays a mediation role between livelihood capital and livelihood status. As expected, human and physical capital have a positive and significant relationship with poverty reduction. The important enlightenment of this study is that it is very important to motivate the poor’s endogenous impetus of escaping poverty in addition to improving external conditions such as livelihood capital owned by farmers in an effort to realize sustainable poverty reduction.

The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Develtere ◽  
An Huybrechts
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a comparative overview of the most relevant findings from studies of the impact of microcredit institutions like the Grameen Bank and BRAC in Bangladesh. It first evaluates the evidence on economic impacts, which suggests that the vulnerability of bank members has been reduced even if there is no consensus about whether the two institutions also reduce poverty. It then considers the social impact, especially in relation to the situation of poor women and to various spill-over effects in different spheres of social and economic life.

scholarly journals The Political Economy of the Rice Value Chain in Ethiopia: Actors, Performance, and Discourses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Alemu ◽  
Abebaw Assaye
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this working paper is to identify the core challenges that have contributed to the poor performance of Ethiopia’s rice sector, and highlight approaches to successfully promote the commercialisation of the rice value chain. The authors achieve this by emphasising the underlying political economy dynamics of the rice value chain in Ethiopia, and how these can offer a better understanding of the drivers and constraints of agricultural commercialisation in the country. The paper also discusses the performance of, and challenges faced by, actors involved in the rice value chain. In addition, it looks at the role of development partners in promoting the rice value chain, the role of rice in the rural labour market, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on the various actors.

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