Observing tour operators’ interest in sustainability in Finland

The paper assesses how tour operators (TOs) address sustainability at the early stages of product development. TOs have potentially a large role in providing sustainable options for customers, and therefore contribute to sustainable tourism. The research took place during a TO familiarization trip (FAM) to a new destination. Participant observation was used as it allowed researchers unique access to participate in the same programme as the TOs. Altogether 14 tourism establishments were visited and they all provided information about sustainability. The TOs’ interest in sustainability was weak, which indicates that sustainability in the early stage is superseded by other significant factors, such as type of product, suitability, seasonality and quality. However, further research in examining when sustainability becomes an issue for TOs would be beneficial for local stakeholders.

PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN AGROWISATA KEBUN BELIMBING DI KECAMATAN TAWANGHARJO, KABUPATEN GROBOGAN, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Tawangharjo is a sub-district that is going to be developed as a new destination of Agrotourism. This agrotourism is classified as a new type of tourism in Grobogan Regency. This study aims to determine and analyze how the development of agrotourism in Tawangharjo District, as well as to explain the inhibiting factors and efforts made by the government and local agencies in developing the agrotourism area. This study used descriptive qualitative method with an inductive approach, combined with observation, interviews, and documentation. Further, the authors analysed the data by creating a data map, exploring data presentation, comparing all data, then drawing conclusion. The results show that the indicators for the development of the Starfruit Garden Agrotourism Area, Tawangharjo Sub-district, were still not met, Amenities and Ancillary become the main problems because physical development required time and budget, while facilities were the main support for agrotourism activities. In addition, the Covid-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the situation by refocusing the budget and significantly reducing the number of tourists. The quality of human resources needs to be improved, including the managers’ capacity and the community's ability to diversify, promote, and multiply the products. As a suggestion, the Grobogan Regency government should further optimize the tourism program and policies, in order to increase production capacity and develop agrotourism facilities. Keyword: Development, Tourism, Agrotourism

Proliferation of Tribal Migrants and Repercussion: Case Study from the Tribal Areas of Sundargarh District, Odisha (India)

The trends of migration introduce since human history, determined by their socio-economic conditions, culturally connection, political impediments and habitant circumstances. Migration is an inevitable element of human life, mostly believed to take place in search of a better livelihood, employment opportunities etc. But, a country like India, experiences different folds of human mobility due to its acute population, economic disparities and lack of employment opportunities. The study has structured the attitude of Tribal labour migrants of Sundargarh District, Odisha, a highly tribal populated region, a symbol of naturally attached to their land and forest. It has taken effort to trace down different driving factors leading to perpetual tribal migration from their ancestral land to different urban regions of the country. It has further analysed the socio-economic conditions at the place of their origin and destination to understand different nature and trends of migration among the rural tribals. This study has conducted intensive fieldwork in four selected blocks of Sundargarh district of Odisha, and primarily recorded to examine the socio-economic conditions of the tribals and their perception regarding migration. It also reveals some of the experiences of the respondents concerning their migration. The study finally finds that the migration among tribals is more a result of compulsion than a choice to have a better livelihood. Indeed, these poor tribals not only experience a tough life but also often prone to human rights violation in their new destination, just earn to tide over their distress situation, but no ways help to accumulate capital.

TOURISM GOVERNANCE: BUMDES AS THE SPIRIT OF COMMUNITY ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

This study aims to determine the development of the Napangga Lake tourist attraction in Kepenghuluan Tanjung Medan, Rokan Hilir Regency, which greatly contributes to village-owned enterprises in empowering the community’s economy. Lake Napangga is a new destination located in the Rokan Hilir area and has very promising tourism potential, so it must be managed professionally and have an economic impact on the local community. Therefore, village-owned enterprises must be able to become a spirit in developing this lake tourism object in order to empower the economy of the village community. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, where data collection is done by observation and interviews. After the data and information are obtained, it will be analyzed in depth with data triangulation validity test. The results of this study found that the development of the Lake Napangga tourist attraction has not run optimally by the Bumdes in empowering the community’s economy. This is due to the inconsistency in the number of tourists visiting Lake Napangga, because this tour is still seasonal. Strategies are needed to make economic empowerment for the community in order to increase income and improve the quality of life of the surrounding community.

Optimizing the tourism destination potential with the integration of sustainability and innovation principles

In the article the science approaches to the essence and set of elements for a successful tourism destination development are considered. These helped to develop a new destination potential model by integrating two management principles: a) sustainability and b) innovations. These additional principles should reach higher destination potentials and guarantee a better destination performance. The interrelation of the elements of a tourism destination potential with the mechanism of its management is reflected. A central aspect and a prerequisite are the creation and integration of a special management body for the destination – the Destination Management Organisation (DMO). During the study qualitative inputs from experts about the model were obtained. These contributed to confirm the model and to adapt it for the usage by a DMO. The overall goal is to reach a higher destination potential, to enhance its competitiveness and to counteract the negative factors of the external and internal environment, especially in the Post-Covid19 phase. During this the tourism industry has suffered on an unprecedented scale and hardly any destination in the world has been able to match the success figures of the recent past (until 2019).

Beyond Receptivity: Exploring the Role of Identity in Educators’ Orientation Toward Newcomers in a New Immigrant Destination

Research on education in new immigrant destinations has highlighted the importance of educators’ professional missions and expertise in shaping their receptivity toward newcomers. Less attention has been given to how educators’ social identities, especially in relation to newcomers, influence how they perceive their role in serving the population. Drawing on the theory of representative bureaucracy, this qualitative study explores how educators’ social identities shaped their identification with and orientation toward addressing the needs of immigrant-origin English learners in one new-destination high school. Results indicate that educators framed their orientation toward serving the population as a moral imperative, a professional responsibility, or a legal obligation. These orientations influenced how educators perceived their role in addressing newcomers’ needs. This study offers implications for educational practice and provides avenues for future research on education in new immigrant destinations.