scholarly journals Dynamics of Designing and Implementing Social Safety Net Programmes in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hare Krisna Kundo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Structural Perspective

Social Safety Net as a part of social protection programmes is now very popular in many developing countries. Political discourses have a role in prioritizing and implementing such pro-poor policy. The objective of this paper is to understand the dynamics of political discourses that influences in adopting and sustaining Social Safety Net Programmes in these countries utilizing the common assumptions proposed by Hickey (2006) and Barrientos and Pellissery (2012). The analysis of this paper identifies that the assumptions developed by Hickey, Barrientos and Pellissery are not adequate enough to capture political discourses around SSNPs in the developing countries. These assumptions mainly help us to understand such discourses from the macro/structural perspective and fail to capture the politics at the micro level. The paper, therefore, argues for more rigorous empirical based research from cross-country perspective focusing both macro and micro level politics.

scholarly journals An exploratory study of job insecurity in relation to household registration, employment contract, and job satisfaction in Chinese state-owned enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Bing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Household Registration ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Chinese State

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the household registration and of employment contract on employee job insecurity in the Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The relationships between job satisfaction and the two components of job insecurity are also analysed. Design/methodology/approach The research uses original data collected through a questionnaire survey in six Chinese SOEs. In all, 309 samples are analysed mainly using hierarchical regression analysis. Findings The research finds household registration is a predictor of job insecurity while employment contract is not. Job satisfaction is found to be positively related to one of the components of job insecurity: the perceived severity of job loss. Social implications To improve job security of the employees who are in vulnerable positions, improving the equality of social safety net is significant. In China, household registration causes unequal access to social welfare and employment opportunities; improving the equality may be more significant than seeking for permanent employment. Originality/value The research suggests two levels of factors influencing job insecurity: the macro-level factors that include the institutional configurations of social safety net; and the micro-level factors that include employment contract. The macro-level factors have fundamental influence while the micro-level factors are more apparent. The micro-level factors may manifest their influence only when the macro-level factors equally cover all the employees. The macro-level factors may also intermediate the relationship between job insecurity and satisfaction.

Pushing for Policy Innovation

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Marianne S. Ulriksen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Solutions

In the early 2000s, there was low elite commitment to social protection in Tanzania. Yet, in 2012, the government officially launched a countrywide social safety net programme and a year later announced the introduction of an old-age pension. This chapter explores what explains the change in elite commitment to social protection between the early 2000s and 2015. The analysis takes an ideational approach, and it is shown how the promotion of social protection has been driven by international and domestic institutions with the resources, expertise, and authority to present policy solutions fitting the elite’s general ideas about Tanzania’s development challenges and possible responses thereto. Thus, ideas play an important role in policy development but they may also be vulnerable to political interests that can challenge the long-term sustainability of promoted policies.

Premature deindustrialization and inequality

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to determine why premature deindustrialization is occurring in many developing countries. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical structure for explaining premature deindustrialization is utilized. Then the comparative experiences of a number of developing countries are used to illustrate the operation of the theory. Findings The results indicate that increasing inequality among a number of developing countries has reduced the domestic market for labor intensive manufactured goods, resulting in stagnation in manufacturing. Also, the increasing inequality in developed countries has reduced international demand for labor intensive manufacturing. Thus developing countries have fewer opportunities to export labor intensive manufacturing. Research limitations/implications Data on inequality is limited and it is very difficult to determine causality. However, intuition indicates that causality is most likely bi-directional. Practical implications Strategies of economic development must concern themselves with the effects that increasing inequality will likely have on the development of labor intensive manufacturing. Social implications Social programs that bolster the purchasing power of poor families are likely to be important (social safety net). Broad-based agricultural growth will provide a basis for labor intensive manufacturing. Originality/value The originality stems from the linking of deindustrialization with rising inequality.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Sosial Bagi Perempuan Korban Pernikahan Dini di Gorontalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
Yuhelson Yuhelson ◽  
Ramlani Lina Sinaulan ◽  
Abdul Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Women Victims ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Role Of Parents

This study explores the dynamic of early-age marriage and implementing social protection concepts for households’ women victims in Gorontalo. This research uses qualitative method with explorative-inductive approaches. We were collected data by interviews, observation, and documentation. Resulting studies that early-age marriage cases in Gorontalo effected by low education, patriarchy system, domestic violence, divorced, and multi-dimensional poverty. For that, this study recommended that social control be worked fine, where the role of parent’, education, and community—create a social safety net for getting better—this role of parents and educational institutions in implementing the protection concept as a social policy reformulation material.Studi ini mengeksplorasi dinamika pernikahan dini dan skema perlindungan sosial yang tepat bagi perempuan korban kekerasan dalam ruamh tangga di Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif-induktif. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kasus pernikahan dini di Gorontalo disebabkan oleh rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, budaya patriarkhi, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, perceraian, dan kemiskinan multidimensi. Untuk itu, studi ini merekomendasikan agar kontrol sosial dapat berfungsi dengan baik—peran orang tua, sekolah, dan komunitas—agar social safety net berjalan dengan baik. Peran ini tercermin dalam konsep perlindungan sebagai bahan untuk reformulasi kebijakan sosial. 

Tax Reform Discourse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Infanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Private Benefit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Purpose ◽  
The Common ◽  
Development Literature

32 Virginia Tax Review 205 (2012)Our tax system is supposed to serve the public good by fairly raising the revenue that we need to fund public expenditures -- for example, the common defense, social safety net programs such as Social Security and Medicare, etc. But the tax reform debate has shifted away from discussing how best to distribute the burden of these common expenditures and instead has come to focus on how tax reform can be used to spur economic growth. Especially in times of economic crisis, these two goals -- equitably funding public expenditures and spurring economic growth -- sound equally important and somehow compatible. After all, shouldn't a rising tide of economic growth lift all boats and make contributing to the common weal easier for everyone? The problem, however, lies in the studies and reports indicating that recent cycles of economic growth have not been akin to a rising tide lifting all boats. Rather, economic growth has redounded largely to the benefit of a very few at the very top of the income scale. Or to continue with the tidal metaphor, the rising tide has lifted the yachts of the wealthy and privileged while swamping the rest of us. In that light, using tax reform as a vehicle to spur economic growth looks less like an endeavor of public benefit for all and more like one of private benefit with the purpose of entrenching the privilege of a relative few. In this article, I call into question the idea that tax reform should be used to stimulate economic growth. Instead, drawing primarily upon the development literature and the work of the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, I advocate a turn toward a people-centered approach to tax reform. I argue that tax reform debates should focus not on encouraging economic growth but, in keeping with the tax system's basic purpose, on advancing human development for all -- and particularly for the disadvantaged among us.

How Credit Markets Substitute for Welfare States and Influence Social Policy Preferences: Evidence from US States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Credit Markets ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Us States ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract What is the relationship between debt and the welfare state? Recent arguments suggest that credit markets fill gaps left by limited social benefits but often rest on thin empirical grounds. This article makes two contributions to this debate by using micro-level panel data and leveraging variation in welfare state generosity across US states and over time. First, it shows that households that experience unemployment borrow significantly more in states where unemployment benefits are low compared to states where benefits are high. A 10-percentage-point decrease in unemployment replacement rates increases debt levels by about 30 per cent, or $5,300. Secondly, the article documents that rising indebtedness in the context of weak social policies has political consequences and increases support for a stronger safety net. One explanation is that voters seek social protection against downstream debt-induced economic risks. These findings suggest that welfare states can play a critical role in mitigating growing indebtedness.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Serbian Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-333
Author(s):  
Tamara Popic
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Pension Benefits

AbstractThis chapter shows that Serbia’s diaspora policies have given priority to economic, but also cultural engagement of Serbian nationals residing abroad. Following a discussion on the key features of the diaspora, the infrastructure of the state to deal with nationals abroad and its key engagement policies, it focuses on five social protection dimensions and shows that Serbia’s policies are limited to health and pension benefits, and this only under special conditions. Overall, the chapter puts forward the claim that the very limited social protection benefits granted to diaspora can be explained by the elites’ perception of diaspora as mainly an economic resource, and as a supplement to the country’s social-safety net.

Local Finance and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Bird ◽  
C Wallich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Local Finance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
The Common

Extensive decentralization, both political and fiscal, is taking place in many of the countries newly emerging from behind the socialist veil. Decentralization represents both a reaction from below to the previously tight political control from the center and an attempt from above to further the privatization of the economy and to relieve the strained fiscal situation of the central government. Although there are of course many variations in this process from country to country, some important common elements arise from the similar institutional starting point in all countries and the common transitional problems most of them are facing. The on-going reforms of subnational finance in the transitional economies are more important than seems generally to be recognized. The design of a well-functioning intergovernmental fiscal system is key to many of the major reform goals of the transition economies—macroeconomic stability, privatization, and the social safety net.

Neoliberalism and the Negotiation of the American Dream in Contemporary Latina Narratives

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-242
Author(s):  
Jenifer A. Skolnick ◽  
Emmanuel Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latino American

This chapter will examine the relationship between Christian religiosity and attitudes toward social safety-net policies over the past three decades among Latinos in the US. Over the past thirty years the US has experienced notable reductions in social safety-net coverage, in the context of successive waves of neoliberal economic reforms. This has left members of the Latino and Black community particularly vulnerable to economic cycles and downturns. Within this context, this chapter analyzes the nexus between neoliberal political discourse, potent cultural narratives found within American Christianity and public support for social protection policies. In particular, the chapter addresses the way in which Christian themes, such as the Catholic social teaching, the mainline Protestant social gospel, the American adaptation of liberation theology, and the evangelical ethos of self-reliance and independence, interact with the formation of public attitudes towards greater or lesser support for social safety-net policies among American Latinos. Additionally, the present chapter will also bring to the foreground the role of Christianity among US Latinos in the creation of an issue-bundling effect in recent electoral competition since moral or social value issues are often bundled along with opposition to social protection policies in the two-party American political system. Lastly, the present work will propose a broad framework through which to interpret our findings grounded on the existence and interaction of two counterpoised cultural narratives on social protection found within Latino American Christianity.

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