scholarly journals ALLERGIC DISEASES PRIMARY PREVENTION IN CHILDREN: POSITIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE AND HIGH SPECIFICITY OF INFORMATION ON ALLERGIC DISEASES IN MALE RELATIVES

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
M S Treneva
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Risk Criterion

Background. Сhildren allergic diseases primary prevention could be advanced with exploration of positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of information on allergic diseases in a wide range of relatives. Methods. retrospective analytic cross-sectional study. 1974 relatives of 212 children with allergic diseases and 137 controls were questioned. Couples of children equally aged were grouped in «×2»tables for each relativetype. Se was calculated as relative' allergic disease probability in child with allergic disease. Sp was calculated as negative allergic disease relative' probability in negative allergic disease children. PPV was calculated as a probability of allergic diseased children in positive allergic disease relatives; NPV -as a probability of negative allergic diseased children in negative allergic disease relatives. Results. PPV was of high quantity in male relatives -father' father (86%), male cousins (80%), mother' father (77%), mother' brother (73%), father of a child (72%). Mother' PPV was under 65%. Sp of all relatives was of good quantity. The top levels belong to male relatives -father' father (97%), fathermother (94%), father' brother (91%), male cousins (91%), mother' brother (89%). NPV of all relatives was useless for clinical practitioner. Se was low in all relatives. Mother' Se was on top with 67%. So, male relatives'allergic disease importance is confirmed by high PPV and high Sp in grandfathers, uncles, male cousins. Conclusion. high PPV and high Sp of information on allergic disease in male relatives combine prognostic valid and specific risk criterion for allergic diseases in children. A child should be set for a primary prevention of allergic disease in case of allergic disease in grandfathers, or uncles, or male cousins, or child' father.

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

Comparison between qualitative and quantitative measurement of strength deficit in shoulder flexors of young females: a cross- sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2559-2562
Author(s):  
Saadia Perwaiz ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Afzal ◽  
Ghulam Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Muscle Testing

Objective: To compare accuracy of manual muscle testing in detection of strength differences across grade 4 and 5 at different percentage deficits of dynamometric mean in shoulder flexors of young females.  Methods: Cross sectional research design, conducting primary analysis of strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer. Three hundred young healthy females without any ailment of upper extremity or generalized health problem were selected from University of South Asia and Association of Fatima Jinnah Old Graduates, Lahore. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. The age group selected was 18-39 years. The strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer was main outcome measure. Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy of manual muscle testing showed better results at 10% dynamometric measures. It was 63.33%(95% CI: 57.74%, 68.59%) in non-dominant shoulder flexors and 61.67% (95% CI: 56.05%, 66.99%) in dominant shoulder flexors. The positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity of manual muscle testing was better at 10% strength deficit in comparison with dynamometric measures, whereas negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity was better at 20% strength deficit. Contrasting association was found between positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity, negative predictive value and specificity.  Conclusion: The subjective area of grade 4 and 5 showed better, although not ideal, diagnostic worth at 10% deficit of dynamometric measures in shoulder flexors. Further exploration through study of contrasting trends between PPV and sensitivity by subgroup analysis is required. Continuous...

Sensitivity and Specificity of Maternal Anthropometric Measures Relative to Infant Nutritional Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Nugroho Abikusno ◽  
Rachel Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Weight For Age

This cross-sectional study was done in July 1990 at health posts of two subdistricts in Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of maternal anthropometric measures against the functional outcome of infant nutritional status (weight-for-age). The study population consisted of 175 mother-infant pairs, who were between 14-45 years old, and their infants, who were 0-6 months old. The indicators that identified women at risk of their infant being poor nutritional status (weight-for-age less than −1 SD) were maternal weight (sensitivity 33%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 26%), height (sensitivity 39%, specificity 83% and positive predictive value 21%), and calf circumference (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 28%).

scholarly journals Interleukin 21 as a diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1229-1232
Author(s):  
Khadija Kiran ◽  
Amtul Huda ◽  
Zuhair Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

To investigate the role of IL-21 as diagnostic marker in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology and Orthopedic Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala. Period: October 2017 to October 2018 in one year duration. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients were included in the study, main variables assessed in this study were positive predictive value negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of IL-21 in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Study was started after permission from hospital ethical committee and patients were informed in detail about disease and procedure to be done. Non probability consecutive sampling was used. Results: The estimated sensitivity was 93.6%. The estimated specificity was 50%. Positive predictive value was 96.3% and negative predictive value was 35.7%. The overall accuracy was 90.6% for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: IL-21 induces MMP3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients, identification of IL-21 from synovium of patients indicates the presence of rheumatoid arthritis. We observed 90.6% diagnostic accuracy of IL-21 for rheumatoid patients taking RA factor as gold standard of diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on prevalence of gastro esophageal reflux disease in regurgitant infant and children with evaluation of IGERQ score

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Elayaraja Kandasamy ◽  
Senthil Kumar Andy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Esophageal Reflux ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is the most common esophageal disorder in children of all ages. GER becomes pathological when reflux increase in frequency and intensity, associated with esophageal and respiratory symptoms. Thus, the study was determined to assess the prevalence of GERD in regurgitant children of age 6 to 24 months with evaluation of IGERQ score (Infant Gastro Esophageal Reflux Questionnaire).Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Gastroenterology Department, Institute of child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai from September 2007 to September 2009. 123 regurgitant children of age 6-24 months were enrolled. Clinical examination and validated questionnaire with total score of 25 was used. Data analysis was aided by EPI info programme. Chi square with P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. IGERQ score was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive valve and negative predictive valve.Results: The prevalence of GERD in regurgitant infant and children is 30.8%. Refusal of feeds and poor weight in regurgitant children significantly correlated with GERD. sensitivity was 84%, specificity was 96%, positive predictive value was 91%, negative predictive value was 93%Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis of GERD is sufficient in most instances and a questionnaire may aid in diagnosis the disease. IGERQ score is easily adaptable. IGERQ score >5 has high specificity positive and negative predictive value but reproducibility in our population need further evaluation. 

scholarly journals Downes score as a clinical assessment for hypoxemia in neonates with respiratory distress

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Rusmawati ◽  
Ekawati L. Haksari ◽  
Roni Naning
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Service Training

Background Hypoxemia in neonates with clinical respiratorydistress has a high mortality. Downes score is used as an alternativeto evaluate clinical respiratory distress if blood gas analysisinstrument or pulse oxymetry is not available.Objective To evaluate the validity of Downes score for assessinghypoxemia in neonates with clinical respiratory distress.Methods A cross sectional study was carried out on neonates withclinical respiratory distress hospitalized at level 2 and 3 NeonatalCare Unit and in Emergency Room of Dr. Sardjito GeneralHospital, Yogyakarta. Downes score and oxygen saturationmeasured by a pulse oximetry were compared. Hypoxemia wasdefined as oxygen saturation less than 90% in term and post-term infants, less than 88% in preterm neonates, or Downesscore 2:5 according to Basic Emergency Service Training forObstetry and Neonatology (PONED) in 2007. The accuracy ofDownes score in predicting hypoxemia was assessed by sensitivity,specificity, positive-predictive value, negative-predictive value,and likelihood ratio.Results Eighty nine neonates were evaluated. Downes score hadsensitivity of 88%, specificity of 81 o/o, positive-predictive value of72%, negative- predictive value of 92%, positive likelihood ratio4.53, negative likelihood ratio 0.15, prevalence of 36%, and posttest probability of 72%.Conclusion Downes score can be used as a clinical diagnosticmeans for assessing hypoxemia in clinical respiratory distressedneonates with 88% sensitivity (95% CI 79 to 99), and specificity81% sensitivity (95% CI 70 to 91).

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of the13C Methacetin Breath Test in Various Stages of Chronic Liver Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamizah Razlan ◽  
Nurhayaty Muhamad Marzuki ◽  
Mei-Ling Sharon Tai ◽  
Azhar-Shah Shamsul ◽  
Tze-Zen Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Cross Sectional

The accuracy of the13C-methacetin breath test (13C-MBT) in differentiating between various stages of liver disease is not clear. A cross-sectional study of Asian patients was conducted to examine the predictive value of the13C-MBT in various stages of chronic liver diseases. Diagnostic accuracy of the breath test was determined by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve analysis. Seventy-seven patients (47 men/30 women, mean age50±16years) were recruited. Forty-seven patients had liver cirrhosis (Child Pugh A = 11, Child Pugh B = 15, and Child Pugh C = 21), 21 had fibrosis, and 9 had chronic inflammation. The sensitivity and positive predictive value for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis (all stages), Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B, and Child-Pugh C were 65% and 56%, 89% and 89%, 67% and 42%, 40% and 40%, and 50% and 77%, respectively. Area under curve values for fibrosis was 0.62 (0.39–0.86), whilst that for cirrhosis (all stages) was 0.95 (0.91–0.99). The13C-methacetin breath test has a poor predictive value for liver fibrosis but accurately determines advanced cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Investigating cell blood counter and abdominal radiography accuracy in diagnosis of acute suppurative appendicitis among patients under surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2827-2831
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kazem Shahmoradi ◽  
Hormoz Mahmoudvand ◽  
Sedigheh Nadri ◽  
Massumeh Niazi ◽  
Mahin Adeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergencies; while unusual symptoms have a differential diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CBC and abdominal X-ray in acute suppurative appendicitis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 198 patients. For all patients, complete blood count and abdominal X-ray were recorded. The pathological report after surgery was the gold standard for diagnosis. Then indicators of the validity of tests CBC, X-ray and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, consisted of positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity, were analyzed. Results: Out of patients, 133 of patients were male (67.2%), and 65 (32.8%) were female with mean age of 29.13 years. Acute appendicitis confirmed in 77.8% of pathological study, and 17.7% was the normal appendix. Leukocytosis, NLR and abdominal X-ray tests, each have a sensitivity of 89.5%, 78.5% and 100%, specificity of 31.4%, 31.4% and 31.8%, PPV 85.8%, 84.2% and 53.9%, NPV 39.2%, 23.9% and 100%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between appendicitis and WBC> 10.000 and abdominal radiography findings. Conclusion: Due to the sensitivity of performing CBC and leukocytosis and NLR is at an acceptable level, especially with a relatively high positive predictive value, could be concluded that the positivity of these tests for confirming the diagnosis in suspected cases might be helpful and can help to strengthen the clinical diagnosis. Our results in relation to the x-ray of the abdomen suggest its usefulness in the diagnosis of appendicitis.  

scholarly journals What are the Critical Elements of Satisfaction and Experience in Labor and Childbirth—A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9295
Author(s):  
Barbara Baranowska ◽  
Anna Kajdy ◽  
Paulina Pawlicka ◽  
Ernest Pokropek ◽  
Michał Rabijewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Satisfaction With Care ◽  
Birth Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

The labor experience and satisfaction with childbirth are affected by the care provided (external factors) and individual variables (internal factors). In this paper, we present a descriptive analysis that aims to indicate the strongest correlates of birth experience among a wide range of indicators. The study is a prospective, cross-sectional, self-report survey. It includes the experiences of women giving birth in public and private hospitals in Poland. The two main variables were birth experience and satisfaction with care. The analysis consists of three parts: data pre-processing and initial analysis, explorative investigation, and regression analysis. Among the 15 variables with the highest predictive value regarding birth experience were being informed by the medical personnel, communication, and birth environment. The most significant variables among 15 variables, with the highest predictive value regarding care, were those concerning support, information, and respectful care. The strongest predictor for both, birth experience and satisfaction with care, is the sense of information, with logit coefficients of 0.745 and 1.143, respectively, for birth experience and satisfaction (0.367 and 0.346 for standardized OLS coefficient). The findings demonstrate that by using explanatory variables, one can predict a woman’s description of her satisfaction with perinatal care received in the hospital. On the other hand, they do not have such a significant and robust influence on the birth experience examined by the variables. For both the birth experience and satisfaction with care, the sense of being informed is the highest predictor.

scholarly journals Reliability of visual assessment of neonatal jaundice among neonates of black descent: a cross-sectional study from Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikunda Dionis ◽  
Omary Chillo ◽  
George M. Bwire ◽  
Calvin Ulomi ◽  
Manase Kilonzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Background Jaundice is common among neonates and if untreated can lead to kernicterus. Diagnosing neonatal jaundice (NJ) using Kramer’s method (visual assessment) is considered user-friendly in resource-limited areas. However, there are conflicting findings on reliability of the Kramer’s method in the diagnosis of NJ, particularly of black descent. Therefore, study aimed to determine the accuracy of Kramer’s method in comparison to the total serum bilirubin (TSB) test in the diagnosis of NJ among neonates of black descent in Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and July 2020 at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. A total of 315 neonates were recruited consecutively. In each neonate, jaundice was assessed using Kramer’s method and TSB test. NJ A total of 315 neonates were recruited i. A 2 X 2 table was created for the determination of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (+LR/−LR), and diagnostic accuracy (effectiveness) of Kramer’s method. Cohen kappa (κ) was used to analyze the agreement between Kramer’s method and TSB. Association between independent variables and presence of jaundice were assessed using the chi-square test and the p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The prevalence of NJ was 49.8% by Kramer’s method and 63.5% by TSB. The Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, and NPV of Kramer’s method were 70.5, 86.1, 89.8, and 62.6%, respectively. The +LR and –LR were 5.07 and 0.34, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of Kramer’s method was 76.1%. There was a moderate agreement between Kramer’s method and TSB results (κ = 0.524, P<0.001). No significant relationship was observed between the independent variables and the presence of NJ. Conclusion Kramer has a good positive predictive value. However, due to low sensitivity and NPV one cannot say that overall predictive ability is good. Also, clinical assessment by Kramer’s method should not be used for screening of NJ. Further studies are needed to investigate the utility of other non-invasive techniques in detecting NJ among neonates of black descent.

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