Derivation of complex words in the uzbek literary language

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Абдураҳмон Мадаминов ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The Given

The article deals with the processes that complicate the simple phrase on the basis of word-formation laws. Cases of the formation of components of complex phrases are shown by formation methods. There are presentation about the formation of complex word combinations by methods of contamination and conversion in the Uzbek literary language. Of these, nominal complex phrases are more often used; adjectives, numbers, pronouns and modal words are less common. The given examples are substantiated scientifically and theoretically. Key words: main, dependent word, derivation, contamination, conversion, nominal complex phrases, methods of complication, descriptive, attributive

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING COMPLEX WORDS IN THE KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
The Core ◽  
Stage Scheme ◽  
Complex Mathematical Model ◽  
Complex Words

The article examines the morphology of the Karakalpak language, which belongs to the Kipchak group of the Turkic language family. The forms of word formation in the Karakalpak language, their sequences and the affixes added to the core are analyzed. On the basis of the analyzed affixes and suffixes, a complex mathematical model of word formation in the Karakalpak language was developed. On the basis of the developed mathematical model, an algorithm for creating a complex word in the Karakalpak language was developed. Using the developed mathematical model, a four-stage scheme was created for creating complex words of the Karakalpak language.

ABORDAGEM CONSTRUCIONAL DA REDUPLICAÇÃO DE BASE VERBAL EM PORTUGUÊS CONSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH TO VERBAL BASE REDUCTION IN PORTUGUESE

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Victorio GONÇALVES ◽  
Luciana Albuquerque Daltio VIALLI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Constructional Morphology ◽  
Morphology Model ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Key Words Morphology

Resumo: Neste artigo, pretendemos utilizar os dados de Vialli (2013), que reuniu, em sua tese de doutoramento, cerca de cem formas de composição reduplicativa em português, à luz do modelo de morfologia construcional (MC) originalmente proposto por Booij (2005, 2007, 2010). Esse modelo aplica a gramática das construções (GOLDBERG, 1995) ao componente morfológico, analisando as formações lexicais por meio de esquemas e subesquemas que representam o pareamento entre o polo formal e o polo semântico de palavras morfologicamente complexas. Entendendo que a reduplicação verbal (composição ViVi) pode ser satisfatoriamente descrita com os instrumentos da MC, procuramos explicar, formal e semanticamente, construções como “bate-bate” (“bater repetidamente”, “carrinho do parque de diversões”) e “agarra-agarra” (“agarrar repetidas vezes”), mostrando as motivações morfológicas e as extensões de significado desse tipo de formação e distinguindo-o da repetição, fenômeno que ocorre em nível sintático.Palavras-chave: Morfologia. Formação de palavras. Construção. Reduplicação. Composição.Abstract: In this article, we intend to explain the Vialli (2013)”s data –  which met, in her doctoral thesis, about a hundred forms of reduplicative compounding in Brazilian Portuguese – based on constructional morphology model (MC), originally proposed by Booij (2005 2007, 2010). This model applies construction grammar (GOLDBERG, 1995) to morphology component, analyzing the lexical formations through schemes and subschemas representing the pairing between the formal pole and the semantic pole of morphologically complex words. Understanding that the verbal reduplication (composition ViVi) can be satisfactorily described with the instruments of MC, we try to explain, formal and semantically, formations such as "bat-bate" ("hit repeatedly"; "playground toy") and "agarra-agarra" (grab repeatedly), showing the morphological motivations and meaning extentions of this type of word-formation process and distinguishing it from the repetition phenomenon that occurs in the syntatic level. Key words: Morphology. Word formation. Construction. Reduplication. Compounding

scholarly journals Lexical Simplification with Pretrained Encoders

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8649-8656
Author(s):  
Jipeng Qiang ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Yi Zhu ◽  
Yunhao Yuan ◽  
Xindong Wu
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Original Sentence ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The Given ◽  
Linguistic Databases

Lexical simplification (LS) aims to replace complex words in a given sentence with their simpler alternatives of equivalent meaning. Recently unsupervised lexical simplification approaches only rely on the complex word itself regardless of the given sentence to generate candidate substitutions, which will inevitably produce a large number of spurious candidates. We present a simple LS approach that makes use of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) which can consider both the given sentence and the complex word during generating candidate substitutions for the complex word. Specifically, we mask the complex word of the original sentence for feeding into the BERT to predict the masked token. The predicted results will be used as candidate substitutions. Despite being entirely unsupervised, experimental results show that our approach obtains obvious improvement compared with these baselines leveraging linguistic databases and parallel corpus, outperforming the state-of-the-art by more than 12 Accuracy points on three well-known benchmarks.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS AND STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX WORD COMBINATIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Opaeva Raygul Aymanovna
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Concept Combination ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Classification Structure

The article deals with semantics and structure of complex and composite words appearing nowadays in the modern Karakalpak language. Complex words are formed from two or more words and denote a broad concept. Combination of their components are combined by meaning as fixed combinations and they perform a function of one member of a sentence. KEY WORDS: Composite terms, thematic classification, lexical-semantic classification, structure, paired words, abbreviated words, borrowed composite words, tracing.

THE TERMS-VERBS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL TEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
MARINA V. VEKLICH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Medical Text ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Medical Dictionary ◽  
Russian Medical

The article presents a fact-based study of the verbalization of medical knowledge, verbal nomination as one of the ways to create a Russian medical dictionary. The linguistic materials collected during the research indicate the ability of the verb to terminate concepts. Verb-terms, in contrast to noun-terms, nominate specific processes, phenomena. Verb terms are included in word-formation nests along with noun terms. Verb terms fall into two groups: 1) branch verbs and 2) common verbs. The first group unites verbs characteristic of the medical field of knowledge, the second group includes verbs, the terminological nature of which is manifested in the composition of a phrase with a dependent noun-term. In such verb-nominal phrases, the verb either expands the meaning, or concretizes the existing one. Verb terms are used mainly in those branches of medicine that are associated with a specif- ic action (for example, surgery). Verb terms have the same grammatical categories as verbs of the general literary language. The results obtained can be used for further research on the cognitive properties of verbs-terms based on new sources.

AZƏRBAYCAN DİLÇİLİYİNDƏ SÖZ YARADICILIĞI

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (05) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Vusala Rafig Gasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Word Formation

Key words: word, word formation, semantic method, syntactic method, morfological method, lexical method

scholarly journals Lingue in contatto: un caso di prestigio linguistico

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Mila Samardžić
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Contact Linguistics ◽  
Languages In Contact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Middle Ages

Languages in contact: a case of linguistic prestige The article aims to offer a review of the influences exerted by the Italian language (and the Venetian dialect) on the Serbian literary language as well as on the local dialects. These impacts date back to the Middle Ages and, in practice uninterruptedly, persist to the present day. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate how, due to socio-economic and cultural circumstances, Italian has been able to establish itself as a prestigious language compared to Serbian and how the relationship between the two languages over the centuries has always been essentially monodirectional. Key words: Language loans, Contact Linguistics, Italian, Serbian, Linguistic Prestige

Optimal spaces and hyphens

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Vilma Symanczyk Joppe
Keyword(s):  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Complex Words

Abstract The paper deals with the insertion of spaces and hyphens in German. It summarizes the existing optimality-theoretic approach and extends it to capture the use of hyphens. Hyphenation is often excluded in the literature on the writing of complex words, as forms with hyphens are thought to be mere variants of solid forms. The paper offers an alternative view in which hyphens are treated as an intermediate form between solid and open forms and are placed as a result of conflict between constraints which demand or forbid insertion of spaces. The analysis focuses on the products of nominal compounding, which is one of the most productive processes of word formation in German. Firstly, it is shown for which types of compounds hyphenation is optional and obligatory according to the official rules of orthography. Based on this, constraints are postulated, which do not only decide in which cases hyphenation is allowed but also in which positions the hyphens must be placed in the respective compound. Finally, the hyphenation of phrasal compounds and other complex compounds is modeled.

Issues in Neurolinguistic Studies of Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
The Brain

Research in neurolinguistics examines how language is organized and processed in the human brain. The findings from neurolinguistic studies on language can inform our understanding of the basic ingredients of language and the operations they undergo. In the domain of the lexicon, a major debate concerns whether and to what extent the morpheme serves as a basic unit of linguistic representation, and in turn whether and under what circumstances the processing of morphologically complex words involves operations that identify, activate, and combine morpheme-level representations during lexical processing. Alternative models positing some role for morphemes argue that complex words are processed via morphological decomposition and composition in the general case (full-decomposition models), or only under certain circumstances (dual-route models), while other models do not posit a role for morphemes (non-morphological models), instead arguing that complex words are related to their constituents not via morphological identity, but either via associations among whole-word representations or via similarity in formal and/or semantic features. Two main approaches to investigating the role of morphemes from a neurolinguistic perspective are neuropsychology, in which complex word processing is typically investigated in cases of brain insult or neurodegenerative disease, and brain imaging, which makes it possible to examine the temporal dynamics and neuroanatomy of complex word processing as it occurs in the brain. Neurolinguistic studies on morphology have examined whether the processing of complex words involves brain mechanisms that rapidly segment the input into potential morpheme constituents, how and under what circumstances morpheme representations are accessed from the lexicon, and how morphemes are combined to form complex morphosyntactic and morpho-semantic representations. Findings from this literature broadly converge in suggesting a role for morphemes in complex word processing, although questions remain regarding the precise time course by which morphemes are activated, the extent to which morpheme access is constrained by semantic or form properties, as well as regarding the brain mechanisms by which morphemes are ultimately combined into complex representations.

Wortbildungsforschung in der Volksrepublik China

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Richter
Keyword(s):  
Language Teaching ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Complex Word ◽  
Scientific Reason ◽  
Lexical Categories ◽  
Volksrepublik China

SummaryThe paper describes three aspects of word-formation research in the People’s Republic of China: motives of word-formation research (beside scientific reason mainly practical reasons, like language teaching and setting up of principles for a future phonetic script), problems of the word as the object of word-formation (especially the complex word comprising compounds and derivatives) and problems of the morpheme as the basic unit of word-formation (the two concepts of cisu and yusu; various classifications of morphemes; the question of assigning lexical categories to morphemes). The paper is introduced by a brief historical survey on word-formation research in China beginning at the end of last century and divided into throe periods.

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