scholarly journals The Self-paid Patient of Health Resort Therapy – Changes During the Decade 2007-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Piotr Kalmus ◽  
Lilla Szynkowska
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The Self ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Health Resort Medicine

Introduction: Health resort medicine functions in the environment of dynamic changes referring to the health system, demographic, economic and mentality changes. More and more self-paid patients are now becoming regular clients of health resort medicine. Who are they and what factors decide to choose this kind of therapy. This study is the second stage of the study carried out 10 years ago. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes that took place in the last decade, connected with the characteristic of self-paid in-patients of health resort treatment, their motivations to pay for this treatment by themselves, to assess their expectations of this kind of treatment and to describe how the health resort system in Poland looks like in their eyes. Material and Methods: Two hundred randomized self-paid in-patients of four sanatoria and health resort hospital in Ciechocinek were surveyed. The patients were treated in the same health resort centres as 10 years ago. There were four, the same, pre-set questions in an anonymous questionnaire. Patients were also asked to determine their sex, age, occupational status and education. Data were analysed in the same way as 10 years ago and compared with them. Results and discussion: The analysis of collected data shows that, similarly as 10 years ago, major group of in-patients of the health resort treatment consisted of women of middle and tertiary education levels. At present there are more patients aged 60-79 years and 80 years and above, as well as old age pensioners and disability pensioners. This data are similar to demographic changes observed in Poland. Similarly to the data from the previous study, the most common reason for choosing the health resort centre was to improve the health status. But now, the percentage of these answers was higher, fever patients said that their aim was to relax and regenerate their organisms. The main expectation of health resort centres was to obtain good treatments and the percentage of these answers was higher than 10 years ago. The percentage of patients who preferred to choose the medical procedures all by themselves was significantly lower. It shows that the role of health resort centres as typically medical centres is growing. The main reason, why the patients decided to pay by themselves for the treatment was, similarly as 10 years ago, that it usually takes too much time to be referred to the health resort centre within the National Health Found. The percentage of patients for whom the possibility of choosing the time and the place of health resort treatment was the main reason that made them pay for the treatment by themselves was significantly higher than 10 years ago. This data confirm widely known drawback of the National Health Found and its lack of money. For the majority of respondents, paying for the treatment was a slight financial burden, but now the percentage of these answers was higher. There were fever responders for whom the payment for health resort therapy was no problem. Conclusions: 1. The self-paid in-patients of health resort treatment search now for more comprehensive medical services in health resorts, less the prophylactic and spa services. This obliges health resort centres to improve their health services. 2. There is significantly more health resort self-paid patens in elderly age. This is a signal to focus on the specificity of the treatment of this group of patients. 3. The main disadvantages of contemporary system of referral to health resort centres within the National Health Found, which are the reasons why patients decided to pay for the treatment by themselves, are long queues and no possibilities of choosing the place and the term of health resort treatment. The second disadvantage could be removed without any financial expenses.

National trends and cost of litigation in UK National Health Service (NHS): a specialty-specific analysis from the past decade

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Jenni Lane ◽  
Rahul Bhome ◽  
Bhaskar Somani
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Trends

Background and aims Medical litigation claim and costs in UK are rising. This study aims to analyse the 10-year trend in litigation costs for individual clinical specialties in the UK from 2009/10 to 2018/19. Methods Data were procured from National Health Service (NHS) Resolution. Number of claims, total litigation costs and cost per claim were ascertained for each financial year. The data collected also includes the number of claims and average amount per claim per speciality during the years 2009–2019 (2009/2010 to 2018/2019 financial years). Results The total annual cost of NHS litigation is currently £3.6 billion(2018/2019). Damages make up the greatest proportion of costs(£1.5 billion). Surgical specialties have the greatest number of claims annually(2847) but Obstetrics has the greatest total litigation(£1.9 billion) and cost per claim(£2.6 million). Number of claims, total costs and cost per claim are significantly greater in 2018/2019 than in 2009/2010. Conclusions Addressing the issue of litigations is complex. Medically there are speciality specific issues that require attention, whilst some general measures are common to all: effective communication, setting realistic targets and maintaining a motivated, adequately staffed workforce. These, alongside legal reforms, may reduce the financial burden of increasing litigation on the NHS.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Factors of Hypertension in Spain: A Comparative Study between Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo ◽  
María Teresa Martínez-Larrad ◽  
Náyade del Prado-González ◽  
Cristina Fernández-Pérez ◽  
Rafael Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Living Area

The prevalence and related factors of hypertensive subjects according to the resident area (rural versus urban) were investigated in two population-based studies from Spain. Medical questionnaires were administered and anthropometrics were measured, using standardized protocols. Hypertension was diagnosed in pharmacology treated subjects or those with blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg. Regarding BP control, it was defined as under control if BP was <140/90 or <140/85 mm Hg in type 2 diabetic subjects. Information on educational status, social class, smoking habit, and alcohol intake was obtained. 3,816 subjects (54.38 % women) were included. Prevalence of diagnosed hypertension was higher in women and showed no differences according to the living area (men: urban 21.88 versus rural 21.92 %, p = 0.986; women: urban 28.73 versus rural 30.01 %, p = 0.540). Women living in rural areas and men with secondary or tertiary education levels had a lower probability of being BP uncontrolled (OR (95 % CI): 0.501 (0.258–0.970)/p=0.040, 0.245 (0.092–0.654)/p=0.005, and 0.156 (0.044–0.549)/p=0.004, respectively). Urban young men (31-45 years) and medium aged women (46-60 years) were less BP controlled than their rural counterparts (41.30 versus 65.79 %/p=0.025 and 35.24 versus 53.27 %/p=0.002, respectively).

The Effects of the Expansion of For-Profit Colleges on Student Enrollments and Outcomes at Community Colleges

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adela Soliz
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This study is the first large-scale examination of the impact of for-profit colleges on the enrollment and outcomes of students at other postsecondary institutions. Using data primarily from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) and a differences-in-differences approach, I estimate the effect of a new for-profit college opening on community college enrollments and degree completions, as well as county education levels. My results suggest that community college enrollments and degree completions do not decline when a new degree-granting for-profit college opens nearby. Furthermore, I find evidence that the county-level production of short- and long-term certificates increases after a new for-profit college opens, though the number of associate’s degrees does not increase. This evidence should serve to broaden conversations about the role of for-profit colleges in the larger landscape of the American higher education system.

Hong Kong Chinese People's View of Creativity

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rudowicz ◽  
Anna Hui
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Power And Energy

This study was aimed at attaining some sense of implicit concepts of creativity among Hong Kong Chinese across different populations of participants and finding out how these implicit concepts compare to explicit concepts grounded in Western culture and tradition. Three stages of investigation are reported. In the first stage, 370 persons at railway and subway stations were asked to give their views on creativity and nominate Hong Kong person(s) outstanding for creativity, They were also asked to provide some demographic data and rate themselves on the creativity scale. In the second stage, 34 persons nominated in the first stage as outstanding for creativity were given the same task as the general public. In the third stage, local academics working in the area of creativity were asked to assign the categories of answers generated in the first and second stages of the study into one of the creativity strands: process, product, person or press. It was found that some core parts of the implicit concepts of creativity were overlapped highly across sex, age, education and occupational status variables. In other parts of the concept, how-ever, differences were found between males and females, teachers and laypersons, persons with tertiary education and other groups. Points of agreement between the implicit concepts of Hong Kong Chinese and explicit ones in the Western literature of creativity were these which linked creativity with something new, unique, leading to change and based on the independent thinking initiated by internal power and energy. However, originality, self expression as well as aesthetic and artistic elements were almost invisible in the Hong Kong implicit concepts of creativity.

scholarly journals Lecturers’ Perceptions on Challenges and Expectations on Work Conditions: Case of Zimbabwe Rural State University

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Munyaradzi Chidarikire
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
Education Data ◽  
University Lecturers

This qualitative paper explored the Zimbabwe rural university lecturers’ experiences, challenges, and expectations in the execution of their duties, as they are highly de-motivated. The Zimbabwe Higher and Tertiary Education 5.0 thrust states the roles of universities as consisting of five critical issues: Teaching, Research, Community Engagement, Innovation, and Industrialization have been greatly affected by challenges cited in this article. There is a dearth of literature on the challenges faced by and there is a lack of solutions propagated by lecturers in universities located in rural areas in Zimbabwe. The quality of teaching and learning outcomes in Zimbabwe universities have been deteriorating due to financial, high workload among others. Hence, there is a need to engage in this study to find university lecturers’ views on how these challenges should be addressed to enhance the quality of teaching and learning outcomes. Abraham Maslow’s theoretical framework and narrative paradigm were used in this paper. A purposive sample was used to select nine knowledge-rich university lecturers from Faculty of Education. Data was generated through focus group discussions and content thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The participants responded to two critical questions: ‘what are the challenges faced by rural university lecturers and what should be done to mitigate challenges affecting lecturers in rural areas?’ This article found that highly qualified university lecturers in Zimbabwe are leaving rural universities to international universities seeking greener pastures. Therefore, the paper recommended that Zimbabwe university lecturers should receive salaries and other benefits at par with international universities.

A proposal for a worldwide definition of health resort medicine, balneology, medical hydrology and climatology

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Gutenbrunner ◽  
Tamas Bender ◽  
Pedro Cantista ◽  
Zeki Karagülle
Keyword(s):  
Health Resort ◽  
Definition Of Health ◽  
Health Resort Medicine ◽  
Definition Of

The Relationship between Environment and Indonesian Language Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Aliyah
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Good Environment ◽  
The Relationship

The environment is a factor that greatly influences the learning process, especially learning Indonesian. A good environment will have a good impact on learning outcomes. Learning Indonesian is one of the compulsory subjects at the elementary to tertiary education levels. Environmentally based Indonesian language learning is held with a good aim, namely increasing students' interest in learning. When students are invited to study with the surrounding environment, it means that students will also learn how to communicate properly and correctly with the environment, think creatively, and find problems and solve problems around them.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Financial Burden to the National Health Insurance for Patients with Major Cancers in Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Ching Chu ◽  
Jing-Shiang Hwang ◽  
Jung-Der Wang ◽  
Yu-Yin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Financial Burden

Misplaced Trust? Occupational Therapy and NHS Trusts

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Lloyd-Smith
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapy Service

The present governmental reforms of the National Health Service are the most far-reaching to date and have fundamental implications for health professionals. The focus of this article is to raise some of these issues in relation to occupational therapy. The introduction of trusts, the purchaser/provider split and the internal market are some of the mechanisms by which the government hoped to tackle the funding crisis of the late 1980s. These reforms have been operating since 1991, but little has been published on the impact of the self-governing trust movement on occupational therapy. Some observations on and an evaluation of these reforms are offered. It is hoped that the article will stimulate discussion within the profession about the role of trusts and their relationship to the delivery and development of an occupational therapy service.

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