scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VAGINAL MICROBIOTA, CERVICAL AND UTERINE FLORA IN WOMEN WITH THE PAST HISTORY OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-901
Author(s):  
Olena I. Krotik
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Past History ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group I ◽  
History Of

The aim: To identify the characteristics of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora in women with the past history of sexually transmitted infections. Materials and methods: A prospective study and the analysis of the vaginal microbiota, cervical and uterine flora were conducted in 96 women of reproductive age with infertility after the past history of STIs, who planned to get pregnant using ART. Together they made up the group I (main group) and the CG included 30 women of reproductive age, who planned pregnancy without a compromised reproductive history. Results: Nonspecific vulvovaginitis (χ2 = 31.6; p <0.001) was diagnosed in 63 (63.6%) patients of the group I, vulvovaginal candidiasis – in 17 (17.7%). Lactobacilli in a vaginal discharge in representatives of the CG and group I – 96.7% and 29.1%, respectively (χ2 = 20.3; p <0.001). Opportunistic pathogens, BV-associated microorganisms and obligate anaerobes in the next titers: 10x5 CFU/ml and higher, CG < 10x3 CFU/ml were found in 68 (70.8%) women of the group I. N. gonorrhoeae was detected in 2 (2.1%) patients of the group I. An intense leukemoid reaction – in 59 (61.5%) women of the group I. The rate of cervical contamination with these pathogens ranged from 10x3 to 10x4 CFU/ml in 35 (36.5%) women of the group I, in 61 (63.5%) – titers of opportunistic pathogens were > 10x4 CFU/ml. Pathogenic bacteria of the cervical canal, represented by obligate anaerobes, was detected in 70 (72.9%) cases, where 11 (11.4%) patients were diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis, 2 (2.1%) – N.gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium were registered in 11 (11.5%) and 19 (19.8%) cases, respectively, and were not detected in controls. Ureaplasma urealyticum in the cervical canal outnumbered the diagnostic level in women: 17.7% – group I and 6.7% – CG, respectively (χ2 = 7.9; p <0.01). N.gonorrhoeae and Trich. vaginalis were detected in 2.1% and 6.25% of women in the group I, respectively. Persistent urogenital infection – the combination of opportunistic and common pathogens – prevailed in 59 (60.2%). Associations of obligate anaerobes and Chlamydia trachomatis were found in 69 (71.8%) of them, microaerophiles – in 29 (30.2%), the combination of various species of opportunistic pathogens – in 14 (14.6%); the growth of monocultures of opportunistic pathogens, in titers coming to 106-108, was recognized in 19 (19.8%). The growth of monoculture, represented by group B Streptococcus was detected in 8 (8.3%) cases, Enterococcus faecalis – in 12 (12.5%), Mycoplasma genitalium – in 17 (17.7%). The analysis of PCR test results enabled to detect associations of different species of viruses with Myco- and Ureaplasma, Chlamydia in 23 (23.9%) patients of the group I. What should be noted is the predominance of Herpes simplex over CMV infection: 7 (7.3%) and 2 (2.1%), respectively (p <0.05). Conclusions: The predominance of the mixed microbiota, represented by various associations of opportunistic and common pathogens, was identified in infertile women with the past history of STIs as a result of microbial culturing of the samples from the uterine cavity. Chronic inflammation in endometrium is caused by a persistent viral-bacterial infection in the uterine cavity, which differs in the species composition from the microbiota of the lower genital tract.

scholarly journals Is Chlamydia trachomatis PCR Detection from Cervical Canal Swabs Associated with Tubal Obstruction?

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Minh Tam Le ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen ◽  
Le Na Thi Nguyen ◽  
Viet Quynh Tram Ngo ◽  
Hoang Bach Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To determine the relationship between a Chlamydia trachomatis PCR positive diagnosis from cervical canal swabs and the presence of tubal diseases among infertile women in Vietnam. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, women who sought infertility treatment at the Center for Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Hue University Hospital, Vietnam, from June 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled. All study participants were interviewed, and PCR tests were then performed to diagnose Chlamydia from cervical canal swabs. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) was carried out to examine the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. Results: Among 568 women whose mean age was 32.0 ± 5.1 years, the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection as detected by PCR was 5.8%. Eighty-one percent (460/568) of infertile women had normal HSG results, and abnormal HSG results were more frequent in women over 35 years old, in women with secondary infertility, and in those with a history of miscarriage or genital tract infection. However, there was no relationship between C. trachomatis PCR positivity and HSG results in infertile women. Conclusions: The diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection using the cervical swabs is the useful but not an effective method for routine practice for predicting tubal obstruction in infertile women.

scholarly journals Vaginal, Cervical and Uterine pH in Women with Normal and Abnormal Vaginal Microbiota

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Malene Risager Lykke ◽  
Naja Becher ◽  
Thor Haahr ◽  
Ebbe Boedtkjer ◽  
Jørgen Skov Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Genital

Introduction: Healthy women of reproductive age have a vaginal pH around 4.5, whereas little is known about pH in the upper genital tract. A shift in the vaginal microbiota may result in an elevated pH in the upper genital tract. This might contribute to decreased fertility and increased risk of preterm birth. Therefore, we aimed to measure pH in different compartments of the female genital tract in both nonpregnant and pregnant women, stratifying into a normal and abnormal vaginal microbiota. Material and methods: In this descriptive study, we included 6 nonpregnant, 12 early-pregnant, and 8 term-pregnant women. A pH gradient was recorded with a flexible pH probe. An abnormal vaginal microbiota was diagnosed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for Atopobium vaginae; Sneathia sanguinegens; Leptotrichia amnionii; bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterium 1, 2, 3, and TM7; and Prevotella spp. among others. Results: In all participants we found the pH gradient in the lower reproductive canal to be most acidic in the lower vagina and most alkaline in the upper uterine cavity. Women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota had an increased pH in the lower vagina compared to the other groups. Conclusions: There is a pronounced pH gradient within the female genital tract. This gradient is not disrupted in women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota.

Obituary notices of fellows deceased

1877 ◽  
Vol 25 (171-178) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
Accurate Observation

George Poulett Scrope. It is scarcely possible at the present day to realize the conditions of that intellectual “reign of terror” which prevailed at the commencement of the present century, as the consequence of the unreasoning prejudice and wild alarm excited by the early progress of geological inquiry. At that period, every attempt to explain the past history of the earth by a reference to the causes still in operation upon it was met, not by argument, but by charges of atheism against its propounder; and thus Hutton’s masterly fragment of a ‘Theory of the Earth,’ Playfair’s persuasive‘ Illustrations,’ and Hall’s records of accurate observation and ingenious experiment had come to be inscribed m a social Index Expurgatorius ,and for a while, indeed, might have seemed to be consigned to total oblivion. Equally injurious suspicions were aroused against the geologist who dared to make allusion to the important part which igneous forces have undoubtedly played in the formation of certain rocks; for the authority of Werner had acquired an almost sacred cha­racter; and “ Vulcanists ” and “ Huttonians ” were equally objects of aversion and contempt. To two men who have very recently—and within a few months of one another—passed away from our midst, science is indebted for boldly en­countering and successfully overcoming this storm of prejudice. Hutton and his friends lived a generation too soon ; and thus it was reserved tor Lyell and Scrope to carry out the task which the great Scotch philosopher had failed to accomplish, namely, the removal of geology from the domain of speculation to that of inductive science.

scholarly journals Tingkat Kesiapan Kali Pepe untuk Dikembangakan sebagai Kawasan Wisata Berbasis Sungai di Kota Surakarta

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Nurul Widowati ◽  
Winny Astuti ◽  
Murtanti Jani Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Past History ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

<div><p><em>Surakarta is a city that has the potential of the river. But in the process, these rivers suffered environmental degradation as a function instead of the banks into slums and squatter, and functions of rivers that serve as places of waste disposal. Government’s city of Surakarta has done various setup area of the river. One of the targeted structuring Pepe-River is often known by the name Kali Pepe. Kali Pepe is the river which has the most strategic location because it divides the centre of city and the river has a past history of Surakarta. Kali Pepe is the witness of history where culture and trade activities in the rapidly growing city of Surakarta in the past with the ecological function and physical function as transportation trade.Setuping Kali Pepe, according to the Mayor of Surakarta, is directed to serve as recreation/tourism area. Since the Surakarta Mayor initiated the year 2015 that Kali Pepe as a tourist area. The initiated moves the government and society in order to more actively participate in developing the area into a tourist area. This research would like to know how the readiness level of the Kali Pepe area to be developed as a tourist area-based streams. The components of preparedness were seen from aspect of attractions or natural tourist attraction, artificial attractions, acessesiblity, institutional, infrastructure supporting tourism, and the behavior of the flooding of the river. This research is quantitative research in methods of scoring analysis. The result of this research has shown that Kali Pepe less readiness to be developed as a tourist area-based stream. Aspects of accessibility and infrastructure supporting tourism were an aspect which has a readiness. But for this aspect of the attraction, institutional and river flooding behavior is still in the stage of less readiness.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> readiness, tourist areas, river tours</em></p></div>

scholarly journals CAGAR BUDAYA SANG PENUTUR MASA SILAM CULTURAL HERITAGE THE TELLER OF THE PAST

Kebudayaan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
I Made Sutaba
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Past History ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Many ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Typology Analysis

Archaeological researches in Indonesia have discovered a number of various historical and archaeological artifacts that belong to cultural heritage. As historical evidences, this cultural heritage is an important source of the plural information and messages of the past life of our society. It is remarkable that this cultural heritage has some problems for example problem of typology, function, meanings, and the other for the society. Studying the problems, it is interesting to do research on its function as a teller of the past history that contained various aspects of the life of our society that not yet studied until today. By learning the problems, this research goal is to find the answer of the problems. To reach this goal, we do this research gradually by collecting data through literature study and field observation along with interviews. The next step is analysis carried out through methods of typology analysis, contextual, functional analysis, ethno archaeological and ethno historical approach. Finally the result showed that the function of our cultural heritage is as teller of the many-sided aspects of the past history of our artifacts such as technological aspects, social, and religious aspects but it is impossible to get full completed information due to some reasons. Keywords: archaeological and historical artifacts, cultural heritages, teller of the past.  AbstrakPenyelidikan arkeologi di Indonesia sudah berhasil menemukan artefak sejarah dan arkeologi yang beraneka ragam, yang tergolong sebagai warisan budaya. Sebagai bukti-bukti sejarah, warisan budaya ini adalah sumber informasi dan pesan-pesan kehidupan masyarakat masa lalu yang bersifat pluralistik. Menarik perhatian, bahwa warisan budaya ini mempunyai permasalahan yaitu, permasalahan tipologi, fungsi dan makna dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Mempelajari masalah ini, sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai fungsinya sebagai penutur sejarah masa silam, yang mengandung aneka ragam, aspek kehidupan masyarakat, yang belum dikaji sampai sekarang. Dengan mencermati permasalahan ini, maka tujuan penelitian ini, adalah untuk meneliti permasalahan tadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian secara bertahap melalui pengumpulan data dengan metode kajian pustaka dan observasi lapangan yang disertai dengan wawancara. Langkah selanjutnya, adalah melakukan analisis dengan analisis tipologi, kontekstual, analisis fungsional, pendekatan etnoarkeologi dan etnohistori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cagar budaya itu berfungsi sebagai penutur kehidupan masa silam yang mengandung aspek yang bersfiat jamak, adalah aspek teknologi, sosial dan religi, tetapi tidak mungkin untuk mendapat informasi yang lengkap karena berbagai faktor.Kata kunci: peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala, warisan budaya, penutur masa silam.

scholarly journals Predictors of proximity to others in colony housed shelter cats (Felis silvestris catus)

2016 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Suchak ◽  
Michael Piombino ◽  
Kalina Bracco
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Felis Silvestris Catus ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Stress Behaviors ◽  
High Degree

Colony housing of cats allows shelters to maximize the number of cats housed in limited space. Most research on colony-housed cats examines stress in relation to group size or enclosure size.  While this is important for evaluating welfare, it is equally important to understand how cats are interacting socially in these colonies. We observed 259 adult cats housed in groups of two to eight individuals. Scan samples were used to assess how frequently individual cats were in close proximity to other cats. These data were used to measure individual differences in sociability and patterns of proximity to certain partners. We used information about the past history of the cat, which was collected upon admission to the shelter to identify predictors of time spent in proximity. There was a high degree of inter-individual variability in sociability. Strays tended to spend less time in proximity to other cats, and this effect was most pronounced in females.However, none of the information collected upon admission predicted patterns of proximity to certain partners, or which cats spent time in association witheach other. Future studies should explore the implications of differences in sociability by associating observations of social behavior and stress behaviors.

MEASURING SOLAR DIAMETER WITH 2012 VENUS TRANSITS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Logarithmic Derivative ◽  
Solar Limb ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Diameter ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Better Than

The role of Venus and Mercury transits is crucial to know the past history of the solar diameter. Through the W parameter, the logarithmic derivative of the radius with respect to the luminosity, the past values of the solar luminosity can be recovered. The black drop phenomenon affects the evaluation of the instants of internal and external contacts between the planetary disk and the solar limb. With these observed instants compared with the ephemerides the value of the solar diameter is recovered. The black drop and seeing effects are overcome with two fitting circles, to Venus and to the Sun, drawn in the undistorted part of the image. The corrections of ephemerides due to the atmospheric refraction will also be taken into account. The forthcoming transit of Venus will allow an accuracy on the diameter of the Sun better than 0.01 arcsec, with good images of the ingress and of the egress taken each second. Chinese solar observatories are in the optimal conditions to obtain valuable data for the measurement of the solar diameter with the Venus transit of 5/6 June 2012 with an unprecedented accuracy, and with absolute calibration given by the ephemerides.

THE ROLE OF SECRETING FUNCTION OF DECIDUA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATION PROCESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH A PAST HISTORY OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2416-2420
Author(s):  
Olena О. Taranovska ◽  
Volodymyr К. Likhachov ◽  
Ludmyla М. Dobrovolska ◽  
Oleg G. Makarov ◽  
Yanina V. Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Past History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim: To determine the serum FAMG in the I and II trimester of pregnancy in women with a past history of chronic endometritis, and to clarify its impact on the development of pathology of pregnancy. Materials and methods: The level of FAMG was determined at 6-8 and 16-18 weeks of gestation in 135 pregnant women with a past history of chronic endometritis, who received treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation and 168 women who became pregnant without its prior treatment. The dependence of the development of pre-eclampsia on the level of FAMG at the early stages of pregnancy has been evaluated. Results: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the level of FAMG in women with a past history of chronic endometritis was 20.6% lower (122.4 ± 7.6 ng/ml) compared to the control group. In FAMG of 90.3 ± 4.3 ng/ml at 6-8 weeks of gestation, spontaneous abortion occurred in 100% of cases within the next 2 weeks. FAMG lower than 122,1 ± 3,0 ng/ml can be the predisposing factor for the development of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Reduced FAMG in the beginning of pregnancy in women with untreated chronic endometritis in the past history increases the incidence of miscarriages at the early stages by 2.6 times, and by 1.8 times the probability of preeclampsia development. Treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation promotes the increase of FAMG by 24,6% compared to untreated women that reduces the probability of complications during the subsequent course of pregnancy.

scholarly journals New measurements of D/H on Mars using EXES aboard SOFIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. A112 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Encrenaz ◽  
C. DeWitt ◽  
M. J. Richter ◽  
T. K. Greathouse ◽  
T. Fouchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Past History ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Summer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water On Mars ◽  
Important Measurement

The global D/H ratio on Mars is an important measurement for understanding the past history of water on Mars; locally, through condensation and sublimation processes, it is a possible tracer of the sources and sinks of water vapor on Mars. Measuring D/H as a function of longitude, latitude and season is necessary for determining the present averaged value of D/H on Mars. Following an earlier measurement in April 2014, we used the Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) instrument on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) facility to map D/H on Mars on two occasions, on March 24, 2016 (Ls = 127°), and January 24, 2017 (Ls = 304°), by measuring simultaneously the abundances of H2O and HDO in the 1383–1391 cm−1 range (7.2 μm). The D/H disk-integrated values are 4.0 (+0.8, −0.6) × Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) and 4.5 (+0.7, −0.6) × VSMOW, respectively, in agreement with our earlier result. The main result of this study is that there is no evidence of strong local variations in the D/H ratio nor for seasonal variations in the global D/H ratio between northern summer and southern summer.

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